Count Gustav Horn af Björneborg (October 22, 1592 – May 10, 1657) was a Swedish nobleman of Finnish descent, military officer, and Governor-General. He was appointed member of the Royal Council in 1625, Field Marshal in 1628, Governor General of Livonia in 1652 and Lord High Constable since 1653. In the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648), he was instrumental as a commander in securing victory at the Battle of Breitenfeld, in 1631. He was High Councillor of the realm in 1625, elevated to the rank of field marshal in 1628, and sometimes commander-in-chief of Swedish forces in Germany during Thirty Years' War. After the war, he served as Governor-General of Livonia 1652, President of War department and Lord High Constable in 1653. In 1651, Queen Christina created him Count of Björneborg (Horn af Björneborg).[1]
Gustav Horn was born at Örbyhus in Uppsala County, Sweden. He was the youngest son of Field Marshal Carl Horn and Agneta von Dellwig. He was born while his father was imprisoned in Örbyhus Castle at Tierp. He was born into the Swedish (geographically and ethnically Finnish) noble familyHorn af Kankas and was educated extensively in European universities. He studied military sciences under prince Maurice of Orange in the Netherlands. As a colonel, Gustav Horn took part in the siege of Riga in 1621 and was seriously wounded. He led troops which conquered Tartu in Livonian Estonia. With Count Jakob De la Gardie, he led the defense of Livonia against Poland in the late 1620s. At age 35, he was elevated to the rank of Field Marshal by King Gustav II Adolf. [2]
When King Gustav II Adolf decided to join the war in Germany (1630), he appointed Gustav Horn as his second in command. At the Battle of Breitenfeld in 1631, Horn prevented the Imperial force under Tilly from flanking the main body of the Swedish army, after their Saxon allies had fled the field. After this Horn led troops in Upper (southern) Franconia and conquered among others, Mergentheim, the town of the Teutonic Order and the bishopric of Bamberg). He then went to Bavaria with the king. Horn was sent to lead troops in the Rhineland, where he occupied Koblenz and Trier, and continued to Swabia.[3]
After the death of King Gustav II Adolf at Lützen in November 1632, Field Marshal Horn and General John Banér were appointed to the overall command of Swedish forces in Germany. Gustav Horn's father-in-law, the Chancellor Oxenstierna, took the leadership of the civil government. When Horn was ordered to combine his troops with those of Bernhard of Weimar, the two men found themselves unable to work together, and they were given separate commands.
After Wallenstein's murder in 1634, Horn took some areas in Swabia: in the spring of that year, his troops unsuccessfully laid siege to the imperial city of Überlingen, which would have been a rich and valuable prize. In early September 1634 his forces, and those of Bernard of Saxony, were crushed at the Battle of Nördlingen by combined Habsburg and Spanish forces. Horn was taken prisoner and held by the Roman Catholic army in Burghausen Castle until 1642. He was exchanged for three imperial generals.
Later careeredit
Following his exchange, Horn was appointed Vice President of the War Department. During the war against Denmark-Norway in 1644, Horn led the attack on Skåne and conquered the whole province, except the towns of Malmö and Kristianstad. Malmö's siege lasted until the Treaty of Brömsebro brought the war to an end. In 1651, Horn received Pori (Björneborg) on the west coast of Finland. His estate at Alūksne in Livonia (Marienborg) was made into a barony. Horn then served as Governor-General in Livonia, and as Lord High Constable of the empire, becoming Lord President of the War Department. When the war against the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth broke out in 1655, Gustav Horn directed the defense of Sweden against possible Polish invasion. Gustav Horn was one of the most capable of Gustav II Adolf's militarycommanders, and also an able administrator. His particular skills were in arranging defenses for several sorts of situations. He also maintained relatively strict discipline, so his troops did not plunder and pillage as much as others.
Häringe Manor (Häringe slott)
Häringe Manoredit
Gustav Horn acquired Häringe Manor (Häringe slott) at Västerhaninge parish in Södermanland during 1625. The estate was received as a gift from King Gustav II Adolf. The main building was built on the initiative of Gustav Horn and was completed in 1657. After the death of Gustav Horn in 1657, the estate was inherited by his daughter Agneta Horn (1629–1672), by her daughter Hedvig Catharina Lillie (1695–1745) in 1730 and then by Carl Julius De la Gardie (1729–1786) in 1745. [4]
Familyedit
In 1628 Horn married first to Kristina Oxenstierna (1609 1631), daughter of Count and Chancellor Axel Oxenstierna. They had two children:
gustav, horn, count, pori, count, gustav, horn, björneborg, october, 1592, 1657, swedish, nobleman, finnish, descent, military, officer, governor, general, appointed, member, royal, council, 1625, field, marshal, 1628, governor, general, livonia, 1652, lord, h. Count Gustav Horn af Bjorneborg October 22 1592 May 10 1657 was a Swedish nobleman of Finnish descent military officer and Governor General He was appointed member of the Royal Council in 1625 Field Marshal in 1628 Governor General of Livonia in 1652 and Lord High Constable since 1653 In the Thirty Years War 1618 1648 he was instrumental as a commander in securing victory at the Battle of Breitenfeld in 1631 He was High Councillor of the realm in 1625 elevated to the rank of field marshal in 1628 and sometimes commander in chief of Swedish forces in Germany during Thirty Years War After the war he served as Governor General of Livonia 1652 President of War department and Lord High Constable in 1653 In 1651 Queen Christina created him Count of Bjorneborg Horn af Bjorneborg 1 Count Gustav Horn af BjorneborgPortrait by David BeckBornOctober 22 1592Orbyhus Castle UpplandDiedMay 10 1657 aged 65 AllegianceSwedenRankField MarshalBattles warsThirty Years WarBattle of BreitenfeldBattle of NordlingenTorstenson WarSignatureEngraving of Gustav Horn Contents 1 Biography 1 1 Background 1 2 Command of Swedish forces 1 3 Later career 2 Haringe Manor 3 Family 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksBiography editBackground edit Gustav Horn was born at Orbyhus in Uppsala County Sweden He was the youngest son of Field Marshal Carl Horn and Agneta von Dellwig He was born while his father was imprisoned in Orbyhus Castle at Tierp He was born into the Swedish geographically and ethnically Finnish noble family Horn af Kankas and was educated extensively in European universities He studied military sciences under prince Maurice of Orange in the Netherlands As a colonel Gustav Horn took part in the siege of Riga in 1621 and was seriously wounded He led troops which conquered Tartu in Livonian Estonia With Count Jakob De la Gardie he led the defense of Livonia against Poland in the late 1620s At age 35 he was elevated to the rank of Field Marshal by King Gustav II Adolf 2 Command of Swedish forces edit Main article The Thirty Years War When King Gustav II Adolf decided to join the war in Germany 1630 he appointed Gustav Horn as his second in command At the Battle of Breitenfeld in 1631 Horn prevented the Imperial force under Tilly from flanking the main body of the Swedish army after their Saxon allies had fled the field After this Horn led troops in Upper southern Franconia and conquered among others Mergentheim the town of the Teutonic Order and the bishopric of Bamberg He then went to Bavaria with the king Horn was sent to lead troops in the Rhineland where he occupied Koblenz and Trier and continued to Swabia 3 After the death of King Gustav II Adolf at Lutzen in November 1632 Field Marshal Horn and General John Baner were appointed to the overall command of Swedish forces in Germany Gustav Horn s father in law the Chancellor Oxenstierna took the leadership of the civil government When Horn was ordered to combine his troops with those of Bernhard of Weimar the two men found themselves unable to work together and they were given separate commands After Wallenstein s murder in 1634 Horn took some areas in Swabia in the spring of that year his troops unsuccessfully laid siege to the imperial city of Uberlingen which would have been a rich and valuable prize In early September 1634 his forces and those of Bernard of Saxony were crushed at the Battle of Nordlingen by combined Habsburg and Spanish forces Horn was taken prisoner and held by the Roman Catholic army in Burghausen Castle until 1642 He was exchanged for three imperial generals Later career edit Following his exchange Horn was appointed Vice President of the War Department During the war against Denmark Norway in 1644 Horn led the attack on Skane and conquered the whole province except the towns of Malmo and Kristianstad Malmo s siege lasted until the Treaty of Bromsebro brought the war to an end In 1651 Horn received Pori Bjorneborg on the west coast of Finland His estate at Aluksne in Livonia Marienborg was made into a barony Horn then served as Governor General in Livonia and as Lord High Constable of the empire becoming Lord President of the War Department When the war against the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth broke out in 1655 Gustav Horn directed the defense of Sweden against possible Polish invasion Gustav Horn was one of the most capable of Gustav II Adolf s military commanders and also an able administrator His particular skills were in arranging defenses for several sorts of situations He also maintained relatively strict discipline so his troops did not plunder and pillage as much as others nbsp Haringe Manor Haringe slott Haringe Manor editGustav Horn acquired Haringe Manor Haringe slott at Vasterhaninge parish in Sodermanland during 1625 The estate was received as a gift from King Gustav II Adolf The main building was built on the initiative of Gustav Horn and was completed in 1657 After the death of Gustav Horn in 1657 the estate was inherited by his daughter Agneta Horn 1629 1672 by her daughter Hedvig Catharina Lillie 1695 1745 in 1730 and then by Carl Julius De la Gardie 1729 1786 in 1745 4 Family editIn 1628 Horn married first to Kristina Oxenstierna 1609 1631 daughter of Count and Chancellor Axel Oxenstierna They had two children Agneta Horn 1629 1672 who married baron Lars Cruus of Gudhem Lord of Harviala 5 Axel Horn 1630 1631 In 1643 Horn married Sigrid Bielke 1620 1679 They had nine children Anna Katarina Horn born and died 1644 Kristina Horn born and died 1646 Ebba Sigrid Horn born and died 1646 twin with Kristina Helena Horn 1647 1648 Maria Eleonora Horn 1648 1652 Gustav Karl Horn 1650 1654 Evert Horn 1652 1654 Eva Horn 1653 1740 married Nils Bielke Hedvig Lovisa Horn 1655 17 married firstly Ture Karlsson Sparre and secondly Bernhard von Liewen See also editHorn familyReferences edit Gustav Horn Svenskt biografiskt lexikon Retrieved May 1 2018 Horn af Bjorneborg adelsvapen com Retrieved May 1 2018 Horn Gustaf Svenskt biografiskt handlexikon 1909 Retrieved May 1 2018 Agarna under Haringetiden bjornholmen se Retrieved May 1 2018 Agneta Horn af Bjorneborg Historiesajten Retrieved May 1 2018 External links edit nbsp Media related to Gustaf Horn 1592 1657 at Wikimedia Commons Haringe slott website Archived 2019 12 08 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Gustav Horn Count of Pori amp oldid 1185117016, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
