Guruvayur Satyagraha took place in (1931–32) and was a Satyagraha (non-violent protest) in the present Thrissur district, which was then part of Ponnani Taluk of Malabar district, now part of Kerala, which was an effort to allow entry for untouchables into the Guruvayur Temple. It was led by K. Kelappan, who undertook a hunger strike for 12 days until it was abandoned because of a request from Mahatma Gandhi and the Indian National Congress.[1]Mahatma Gandhi hailed it as "the miracle of modern times" and "a smriti which is peoples charter of spiritual emancipation".[2] K. Kelappan, A.K Gopalan (volunteer captain), P. Krishna Pillai, Mannathu Padmanabhan and N.P Damodaran Nair were the leaders of that agitation. It was a failure, For another four years, nothing much changed in Guruvayur or in the rest of the region that today constitutes the State of Kerala. It was only in 1936 that many temples in Kerala were opened for all to use.
When Samuthiri, the temple trustee was reluctant to concede as the second phase of the struggle K.Kelappan and Manathu Padmanabhan started fast unto death from 22 September 1932 onwards. But due to Gandhiji's intervention on 2 October, the struggle was withdrawn. According to Gandhi, Kelappan had committed two errors. In the first instance, he ought to have previously consulted Gandhi, as an expert director in matters like fast, but he failed to do so; secondly, he should have given the Zamorin (Temple guardians) reasonable notice of his intention to go on fast. Gandhi felt coercion in Kelappan’s fast.[3] One of the major incidents that happened was the assault of A.K Gopalan by the opponents of the satyagraha movement. It roused the passion of the rebels to attempt a forceful entry into the temple and led to the provisional closure of the temple.[1]
Subsequently, there was an opinion poll held at Ponnani taluk in which 77 per cent favoured the entry of all castes into the temples. Leaders, from various parts of Kerala, were later in leadership of C. Rajagopalachari and other Indian national congress leaders such as P. Krishna Pillai and A. K. Gopalan, took part in the effort. The right to enter temples was granted to "Backward" Hindus like Ezhavas only in 1936 in India by the Maharajah of Travancore and the Temple Entry Proclamation.[4][5]
The caste system was strongest then in northern Kerala, where lower castes were not allowed to walk on the public road in front of a Thiyyar caste temple in present day Kannur and Payyannur. The reason was that the nearby temple would be impure.[6] A group consisting of Kelappan and A. K. Gopalan took out a procession along this road along with Harijans to promote the Guruvayoor Satyagraha. As the procession neared the road, a crowd of about 200 men and women began to brutally beat the processionists by the Thiyyar chiefs present. AKG and others were beaten up by the women with sticks. The attack lasted for half an hour. A. K. G. and the Keralites fainted.[6] Even the Keralite's death statement was recorded. This beating later became famous as the Kantoth attack or (also known as Kandoth assault ). This was the first beating in A. K. Gopalan's political life.[6][7][8]
The Kandothe Kuruvadi was the best campaign the Guruvayur Satyagraha got. The Malabar District Board official arrived at Kandoth and placed a board on the road saying that everyone is authorized to travel.[6]
References
^ abMenon, A. Sreedhara (1967). A Survey of Kerala History. Sahitya Pravarthaka National Books. p. 385.
^Menon, Kumara Padmanabha Sivasankara (1976). Yesterday and Today. Allied Publishers. p. 11.
^. Archived from the original on 23 November 2009. Retrieved 22 January 2007.
^"KrishnaKripa :: Guruvayur Sri Krishna Temple History". Archived from the original on 11 December 2004. Retrieved 22 January 2007.
^ abcdA.M Abraham Ayirukuzhiel (1987). Swami Anand Thirth: Untouchability, Gandhian Solution on Trial. p. 32.
^Gopalan, Avilliath Kutteri; Ke Gopālan, E. (1973). "In the Cause of the People: Reminiscences".
^Ullekh, N. P. (19 June 2018). Kannur: Inside India's Bloodiest Revenge Politics. ISBN9789353051051.
External links
JSTOR: Temple-entry Movement in Travancore by Robin Jeffrey - requires JSTOR access beyond first page.
May 10, 2023
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This article has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages This article may be confusing or unclear to readers Please help clarify the article There might be a discussion about this on the talk page October 2013 Learn how and when to remove this template message This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Guruvayur Satyagraha news newspapers books scholar JSTOR February 2014 Learn how and when to remove this template message Learn how and when to remove this template message Guruvayur Satyagraha took place in 1931 32 and was a Satyagraha non violent protest in the present Thrissur district which was then part of Ponnani Taluk of Malabar district now part of Kerala which was an effort to allow entry for untouchables into the Guruvayur Temple It was led by K Kelappan who undertook a hunger strike for 12 days until it was abandoned because of a request from Mahatma Gandhi and the Indian National Congress 1 Mahatma Gandhi hailed it as the miracle of modern times and a smriti which is peoples charter of spiritual emancipation 2 K Kelappan A K Gopalan volunteer captain P Krishna Pillai Mannathu Padmanabhan and N P Damodaran Nair were the leaders of that agitation It was a failure For another four years nothing much changed in Guruvayur or in the rest of the region that today constitutes the State of Kerala It was only in 1936 that many temples in Kerala were opened for all to use When Samuthiri the temple trustee was reluctant to concede as the second phase of the struggle K Kelappan and Manathu Padmanabhan started fast unto death from 22 September 1932 onwards But due to Gandhiji s intervention on 2 October the struggle was withdrawn According to Gandhi Kelappan had committed two errors In the first instance he ought to have previously consulted Gandhi as an expert director in matters like fast but he failed to do so secondly he should have given the Zamorin Temple guardians reasonable notice of his intention to go on fast Gandhi felt coercion in Kelappan s fast 3 One of the major incidents that happened was the assault of A K Gopalan by the opponents of the satyagraha movement It roused the passion of the rebels to attempt a forceful entry into the temple and led to the provisional closure of the temple 1 Subsequently there was an opinion poll held at Ponnani taluk in which 77 per cent favoured the entry of all castes into the temples Leaders from various parts of Kerala were later in leadership of C Rajagopalachari and other Indian national congress leaders such as P Krishna Pillai and A K Gopalan took part in the effort The right to enter temples was granted to Backward Hindus like Ezhavas only in 1936 in India by the Maharajah of Travancore and the Temple Entry Proclamation 4 5 Kandoth assault EditMain article Kandoth assault The caste system was strongest then in northern Kerala where lower castes were not allowed to walk on the public road in front of a Thiyyar caste temple in present day Kannur and Payyannur The reason was that the nearby temple would be impure 6 A group consisting of Kelappan and A K Gopalan took out a procession along this road along with Harijans to promote the Guruvayoor Satyagraha As the procession neared the road a crowd of about 200 men and women began to brutally beat the processionists by the Thiyyar chiefs present AKG and others were beaten up by the women with sticks The attack lasted for half an hour A K G and the Keralites fainted 6 Even the Keralite s death statement was recorded This beating later became famous as the Kantoth attack or also known as Kandoth assault This was the first beating in A K Gopalan s political life 6 7 8 The Kandothe Kuruvadi was the best campaign the Guruvayur Satyagraha got The Malabar District Board official arrived at Kandoth and placed a board on the road saying that everyone is authorized to travel 6 References Edit a b Menon A Sreedhara 1967 A Survey of Kerala History Sahitya Pravarthaka National Books p 385 Menon Kumara Padmanabha Sivasankara 1976 Yesterday and Today Allied Publishers p 11 Chapter 5 PDF Retrieved 10 March 2020 Welcome to Guruvayur The Bhooloka vaikunda Archived from the original on 23 November 2009 Retrieved 22 January 2007 KrishnaKripa Guruvayur Sri Krishna Temple History Archived from the original on 11 December 2004 Retrieved 22 January 2007 a b c d A M Abraham Ayirukuzhiel 1987 Swami Anand Thirth Untouchability Gandhian Solution on Trial p 32 Gopalan Avilliath Kutteri Ke Gopalan E 1973 In the Cause of the People Reminiscences Ullekh N P 19 June 2018 Kannur Inside India s Bloodiest Revenge Politics ISBN 9789353051051 External links EditKerala Cafe Kerala History JSTOR Temple entry Movement in Travancore by Robin Jeffrey requires JSTOR access beyond first page Retrieved from https en 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