The Gulf of İzmir (Turkish: İzmir Körfezi), formerly known as the Gulf of Smyrna, is a gulf on the Aegean Sea, with its inlet between the Karaburun Peninsula and the mainland area of Foça. It is 64 kilometres (40 mi) in length by 32 kilometres (20 mi) in breadth, with an excellent anchorage. The city of İzmir, an important port city of Turkey, surrounds the end of the gulf.
Seventeen rivers empty into the gulf, most notably the Gediz and the Meles.[1]Gediz Delta, which is a Ramsar site, is located in the northeast of the gulf.
Levent Marina is the only marina located in the gulf.
Geology
The Gulf of İzmir was formed during the Quaternary geological period.[1] The east-west direction pit of the gulf was formed as a result of breaking the faults.[1]
Flora and fauna
The northeastern coast of the gulf is the habitat of the Mediterranean monk seal. İzmir Birds Paradise in the north of the gulf and Çakalburnu Lagoon in the south are the breeding ground of the birds.
It is known that the first settlements around the gulf were in the Neolithic Age.[1] The most known settlement is Smyrna, which was established around present-day Bayraklı in 3300s BC.[1]Timur, who came to İzmir after the Battle of Ankara, seized İzmir Port Castle and its surroundings in December 1402 and ordered the destruction of the castle.[1] During the First World War, naval battles occurred between Sancakburnu Castle and Urla in March 1915 and around Uzunada in May 1916.[4]
Economy
Port of İzmir is a cargo and passenger port located to the east of the gulf. It is the seventh largest port of the country in terms of container volume and thirteenth in terms of cargo tonnage.[5][6]
There are nine active passenger ferry quays in the gulf. The İZKARAY project, which envisages the joining of the two sides of the gulf with a bridge, an artificial island and a tunnel, will provide road and rail connections between Balçova and Çiğli districts.[7]
Shipwrecks
There are five known shipwrecks in the Gulf of İzmir.[8] At a depth of 16.4 meters off the Sancakburnu Castle, there are wrecks of two ships, one of which is 118 meters and the other is 86 meters long, which crashed into each other in 1957. There is another shipwreck located off Güzelbahçe at a depth of 42 meters, which was discovered at the beginning of 2017, thought to be a 78 meters long cargo ship that sank in the late 1800s.[8][9] It is also stated that one to four ships were sunk in the gulf during the First World War.[4][10] Dozens of shipwrecks off the Sancakburnu Castle were removed from the sea in 1967 and in the following years.[11]
Pollution
In the period when 200,000 people lived around the gulf, the discharge of wastewater into the gulf did not cause any obvious problems.[1] However, with the population exceeding 500,000 and industrialization, waste that has exceeded the capacity of the gulf to renew itself has begun to be discharged into the gulf.[1] In this period, pollution became noticeable and the people could no longer swim in the gulf.[1] With the population exceeding 1.7 million in the 1990s, the level of pollution has risen a lot and heavy metal traces were found in fish.[1] In 1992, the treatment and sewage system, called the Grand Canal Project, started to be built by İZSU.[1] Launched in October 2002, the system prevented waste water discharge to the gulf.[12] By the 2010s, it was observed that the pollution in the gulf was removed and the marine life returned to normal.[1][13] With the Gulf of İzmir Oceanographic Monitoring Project carried out by İZSU since 2000, the cleaning of the gulf is tracked.[14]
Leisure
Sailing is supported by Karşıyaka S.K. and Göztepe S.K. in the inner gulf. Yacht, sailing, canoe, rowing and dragon boat races are held in the gulf with the İzmir Gulf Festival, which is organized annually since 2017.[15] The gulf hosts the İnciraltı Sea Museum and the Zübeyde Hanım Education and Museum Ship. There are nine Blue Flag beaches around the gulf (four in Foça, three in Karaburun, one in Güzelbahçe and one in Urla).[16] There is a ban on diving in twelve points in the gulf to protect cultural and natural heritage.[17]
References
^ abcdefghijklmTekeli, İlhan. İzmirlilerin Denizle İlişkisini Güçlendirmekte Uygulanacak Tasarım Stratejisi (in Turkish). academia.edu. from the original on 26 July 2019. Retrieved 27 July 2019.
^Güçlüsoy, Harun (March 2016). "İzmir Körfezi'nin Deniz ve Kıyı Koruma Alanları". Retrieved 29 April 2020.
^"İzmir Körfezi'ni Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemi ile Tanımak". Dağarcık Türkiye. 22 March 2015. Retrieved 29 April 2020.
^ ab"Körfezde 4 düşman batığı var". Yeni Asır. 24 September 2015. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
^"Yük İstatistikleri". Deniz Ticareti Genel Müdürlüğü. from the original on 7 May 2018. Retrieved 6 May 2018.
^"Konteyner İstatistikleri". Deniz Ticareti Genel Müdürlüğü. from the original on 7 May 2018. Retrieved 6 May 2018.
^"5 milyarlık dev projede ilk adım". Yeni Asır. 20 September 2012. Retrieved 31 May 2016.
^ ab"İzmir Körfezi'nde batık gemi buldular". Hürriyet. 3 June 2017. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
^İlhan, Tarık; Duman, Muhammet; Eronat, A. Hüsnü (Fall 2017). "İzmir Körfezi Batıkları" (PDF). Uluslararası Bilimsel Araştırmalar Dergisi. Vol. 2, no. 2. pp. 371–381. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
^. Düşünce ve Tarih Dergisi. No. 37. September 2017. Archived from the original on 27 July 2019. Retrieved 27 July 2019.
^Ürük, Yaşar. . izmirkitap.com. Archived from the original on 25 July 2019. Retrieved 27 July 2019.
^"İzmir Körfezi'nin kurtuluşu olan Büyük Kanal Projesi yüzde yüze ulaştı". Arkitera. 23 September 2002. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
^"İzmir Körfezi yeniden canlandı". Posta. 17 February 2013. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
^"Körfezde Oşinografik İzleme". İZSU. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
^"İzmir Körfez Festivali'nde yarış heyecanı". TRT Haber. 22 September 2018. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
^"Blue Flag". Foundation for Environmental Education. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
^"Su Altında Korunması Gerekli Kültür ve Tabiat Varlıkları ile İlgili Olarak Kültür Bakanlığı'nca Tespit Edilen ve Koordinat Listesi ve Haritalarda Belirtilen Bölgelerde Dalış Yasağının Uygulanması Hakkındaki 89/14235 ve 98/11087 Sayılı Kararnamelerin Yürürlükten Kaldırılması Hakkında Karar". T.C. Resmî Gazete. 24 September 2001. from the original on 12 August 2019. Retrieved 27 July 2019.
External links
Media related to Gulf of İzmir at Wikimedia Commons
May 04, 2023
gulf, izmir, turkish, izmir, körfezi, formerly, known, gulf, smyrna, gulf, aegean, with, inlet, between, karaburun, peninsula, mainland, area, foça, kilometres, length, kilometres, breadth, with, excellent, anchorage, city, izmir, important, port, city, turkey. The Gulf of Izmir Turkish Izmir Korfezi formerly known as the Gulf of Smyrna is a gulf on the Aegean Sea with its inlet between the Karaburun Peninsula and the mainland area of Foca It is 64 kilometres 40 mi in length by 32 kilometres 20 mi in breadth with an excellent anchorage The city of Izmir an important port city of Turkey surrounds the end of the gulf Gulf of IzmirThe Gulf of Izmir as seen from the International Space StationGulf of IzmirLocationIzmir Province TurkeyCoordinates38 29 N 26 49 E 38 483 N 26 817 E 38 483 26 817 Coordinates 38 29 N 26 49 E 38 483 N 26 817 E 38 483 26 817TypeGulfNative nameIzmir Korfezi Turkish EtymologyIzmirRiver sourcesGedizMelesOcean sea sourcesAegean SeaBasin countriesTurkeyMax length64 km 40 mi Max width32 km 20 mi Surface area960 4 km2 370 8 sq mi Max depth100 m 330 ft Shore length1464 km 288 mi Surface elevation0 m 0 ft IslandsUzunadaHekim IslandFoca IslandsCicek IslandsKarantina IslandYilan IslandBuyuk AdaSections sub basinsGulbahce BaySettlementsIzmirFocaKaraburunMenemenUrla1 Shore length is not a well defined measure Contents 1 Geography 2 Geology 3 Flora and fauna 4 History 5 Economy 6 Shipwrecks 7 Pollution 8 Leisure 9 References 10 External linksGeography EditThe northern limit of the Gulf of Izmir is defined as a 13 nmi line running from Cape Kanlikaya 38 40 29 N 26 28 23 E 38 67472 N 26 47306 E 38 67472 26 47306 of the Karaburun Peninsula to Cape Aslan 38 44 29 N 26 44 24 E 38 74139 N 26 74000 E 38 74139 26 74000 of Foca 1 The surface area of the gulf is 960 4 km2 370 8 sq mi while its shore length is 464 km 288 mi 2 3 Uzunada located in the Gulf of Izmir is Turkey s fourth largest island Other islands of the gulf include Hekim Island Foca Islands Orak Island Fener Ada Incir Ada Metalik Ada Cicek Islands Yassica Island Pirnarli Island Incirli Island Akca Karantina Island Yilan Island and Buyuk Ada Seventeen rivers empty into the gulf most notably the Gediz and the Meles 1 Gediz Delta which is a Ramsar site is located in the northeast of the gulf Levent Marina is the only marina located in the gulf Geology EditThe Gulf of Izmir was formed during the Quaternary geological period 1 The east west direction pit of the gulf was formed as a result of breaking the faults 1 Flora and fauna EditThe northeastern coast of the gulf is the habitat of the Mediterranean monk seal Izmir Birds Paradise in the north of the gulf and Cakalburnu Lagoon in the south are the breeding ground of the birds History EditSee also History of Izmir Map of the gulf by Piri Reis It is known that the first settlements around the gulf were in the Neolithic Age 1 The most known settlement is Smyrna which was established around present day Bayrakli in 3300s BC 1 Timur who came to Izmir after the Battle of Ankara seized Izmir Port Castle and its surroundings in December 1402 and ordered the destruction of the castle 1 During the First World War naval battles occurred between Sancakburnu Castle and Urla in March 1915 and around Uzunada in May 1916 4 Economy EditPort of Izmir is a cargo and passenger port located to the east of the gulf It is the seventh largest port of the country in terms of container volume and thirteenth in terms of cargo tonnage 5 6 There are nine active passenger ferry quays in the gulf The IZKARAY project which envisages the joining of the two sides of the gulf with a bridge an artificial island and a tunnel will provide road and rail connections between Balcova and Cigli districts 7 Shipwrecks EditThere are five known shipwrecks in the Gulf of Izmir 8 At a depth of 16 4 meters off the Sancakburnu Castle there are wrecks of two ships one of which is 118 meters and the other is 86 meters long which crashed into each other in 1957 There is another shipwreck located off Guzelbahce at a depth of 42 meters which was discovered at the beginning of 2017 thought to be a 78 meters long cargo ship that sank in the late 1800s 8 9 It is also stated that one to four ships were sunk in the gulf during the First World War 4 10 Dozens of shipwrecks off the Sancakburnu Castle were removed from the sea in 1967 and in the following years 11 Pollution EditIn the period when 200 000 people lived around the gulf the discharge of wastewater into the gulf did not cause any obvious problems 1 However with the population exceeding 500 000 and industrialization waste that has exceeded the capacity of the gulf to renew itself has begun to be discharged into the gulf 1 In this period pollution became noticeable and the people could no longer swim in the gulf 1 With the population exceeding 1 7 million in the 1990s the level of pollution has risen a lot and heavy metal traces were found in fish 1 In 1992 the treatment and sewage system called the Grand Canal Project started to be built by IZSU 1 Launched in October 2002 the system prevented waste water discharge to the gulf 12 By the 2010s it was observed that the pollution in the gulf was removed and the marine life returned to normal 1 13 With the Gulf of Izmir Oceanographic Monitoring Project carried out by IZSU since 2000 the cleaning of the gulf is tracked 14 Leisure EditSailing is supported by Karsiyaka S K and Goztepe S K in the inner gulf Yacht sailing canoe rowing and dragon boat races are held in the gulf with the Izmir Gulf Festival which is organized annually since 2017 15 The gulf hosts the Inciralti Sea Museum and the Zubeyde Hanim Education and Museum Ship There are nine Blue Flag beaches around the gulf four in Foca three in Karaburun one in Guzelbahce and one in Urla 16 There is a ban on diving in twelve points in the gulf to protect cultural and natural heritage 17 References Edit a b c d e f g h i j k l m Tekeli Ilhan Izmirlilerin Denizle Iliskisini Guclendirmekte Uygulanacak Tasarim Stratejisi in Turkish academia edu Archived from the original on 26 July 2019 Retrieved 27 July 2019 Guclusoy Harun March 2016 Izmir Korfezi nin Deniz ve Kiyi Koruma Alanlari Retrieved 29 April 2020 Izmir Korfezi ni Cografi Bilgi Sistemi ile Tanimak Dagarcik Turkiye 22 March 2015 Retrieved 29 April 2020 a b Korfezde 4 dusman batigi var Yeni Asir 24 September 2015 Retrieved 28 April 2020 Yuk Istatistikleri Deniz Ticareti Genel Mudurlugu Archived from the original on 7 May 2018 Retrieved 6 May 2018 Konteyner Istatistikleri Deniz Ticareti Genel Mudurlugu Archived from the original on 7 May 2018 Retrieved 6 May 2018 5 milyarlik dev projede ilk adim Yeni Asir 20 September 2012 Retrieved 31 May 2016 a b Izmir Korfezi nde batik gemi buldular Hurriyet 3 June 2017 Retrieved 28 April 2020 Ilhan Tarik Duman Muhammet Eronat A Husnu Fall 2017 Izmir Korfezi Batiklari PDF Uluslararasi Bilimsel Arastirmalar Dergisi Vol 2 no 2 pp 371 381 Retrieved 28 April 2020 Avusturya Macaristan Gazetelerine Gore 1915 1916 da Izmir in Savunulmasi ve Kosten Adasi nin Fethi Dusunce ve Tarih Dergisi No 37 September 2017 Archived from the original on 27 July 2019 Retrieved 27 July 2019 Uruk Yasar Marti Sevdalisi Bergama Vapuru nun 50 Yasina Merhaba izmirkitap com Archived from the original on 25 July 2019 Retrieved 27 July 2019 Izmir Korfezi nin kurtulusu olan Buyuk Kanal Projesi yuzde yuze ulasti Arkitera 23 September 2002 Retrieved 28 April 2020 Izmir Korfezi yeniden canlandi Posta 17 February 2013 Retrieved 28 April 2020 Korfezde Osinografik Izleme IZSU Retrieved 28 April 2020 Izmir Korfez Festivali nde yaris heyecani TRT Haber 22 September 2018 Retrieved 28 April 2020 Blue Flag Foundation for Environmental Education Retrieved 28 April 2020 Su Altinda Korunmasi Gerekli Kultur ve Tabiat Varliklari ile Ilgili Olarak Kultur Bakanligi nca Tespit Edilen ve Koordinat Listesi ve Haritalarda Belirtilen Bolgelerde Dalis Yasaginin Uygulanmasi Hakkindaki 89 14235 ve 98 11087 Sayili Kararnamelerin Yururlukten Kaldirilmasi Hakkinda Karar T C Resmi Gazete 24 September 2001 Archived from the original on 12 August 2019 Retrieved 27 July 2019 External links Edit Media related to Gulf of Izmir at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Gulf of Izmir amp oldid 1117700637, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
