Guido da Vigevano or Guido da Vigevano da Pavia (born c. 1280; died c. 1349) was an Italian physician and inventor. He is notable for his sketchbook Texaurus regis Francie, a catalog of military equipment, and his Anothomia Philippi Septimi, an illustrated work on dissection. Each provides insight into the state of medieval technology and medicine. As an inventor, Guido can be regarded as a distant forerunner of later Renaissance artist-engineers like Taccola, Francesco di Giorgio Martini and Leonardo da Vinci. As an anatomist, Guido documents the practices of the fourteenth-century Bolognese school and its esteemed doctor Mondino de Luzzi.
Anatomy of the uterus by Guido da Vigevano, Anothomia Philippi Septimi Chantilly, Musée Condé, Ms. 334, fol. 281v.
Guido was born around 1280 in Pavia, but nothing is known beyond his professional life. He attended the prestigious medical college at the University of Bologna where he learned from Mondino de Luzzi, one of the most influential doctors of the late Middle Ages. After completing his education he returned to Pavia to practice medicine. In 1310 he joined the ill-fated campaign of Holy Roman Emperor Henry VII as court physician. Guido likely earned his job after surrendering the castle of Vigevano to Henry in a bloodless coup. Following the emperor's death in 1313, Guido returned to Pavia but was forced to seek political asylum as Papal forces placed the city under Interdict.
Vigevano fled north to France and found employment as physician to Queen Jeanne of Burgundy and later to her husband King Philippe VI. Court records reveal that Guido received payments for both medical and diplomatic services. The last record of Guido appears in 1349 and it is widely assumed that he died a year later in the plague of 1350.
Works
Guido da Vigevanos sketch of a crank wagon, Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Paris
Vigevano is best known for his medical and technological treatises. In 1335 he authored the Texarus regis francie.[1] In support of a crusade pledged by Philippe VI. The work contains plentiful drawings of war machines and vehicles, including armored chariots, wind-propelled carriages, and other imaginative siege equipment. The work was likely inspired by late antique military writings such as the Epitoma rei militaris of Vegetius and technical adaptations made by Milanese siege engineers. Philippe's crusade was never realized because of war with England, but his military sketchbook is a notable example of the experimental nature of medieval war engineering.
Guido wrote two medical works: a regimen sanitatis or health manual to accompany Philippe on his crusade, and a treatise on dissection named the Anothomia Philipi Septimi, which he also dedicated to the French king. The regimen follows a genre of personal health guides best known in works like the Regimen sanitatis Salernitanum. Guido tailored his regimin to give advice on maintaining health while traveling in eastern Mediterranean climates. A special antidotery discusses poisons used in assassinations and gives the king advice on purgatives and antidotes. In one section, Guido describes testing an antidote of his own creation against Anconitum (wolfsbane). After poisoning himself with the plant, he writes that he ate a mash made from larva which had fed on Aconitum flowers and successfully recovered.
The Anothomia Philippi Septimi is a work on dissection created in 1345. It follows the approach used by Guido's mentor Mondino de Luzzi, exploring the three "venters" or regions of the human body: abdomen, chest, head. While Guido's work largely repeats the work of established authorities, he does note discrepancies in these works, for instance, the shape of the spleen.
The Anothomia is notable for its illustrations, which Guido claims, record his experiences with human dissection. Although forbidden in France, Guido boasted that he had dissected human bodies many times, and describes himself as an expert anatomist. His drawings echo the work Henri de Mondeville a professor of surgery and also a court physician to the French crown, but are more detailed and naturalistic. A drawing of a female cadaver is especially notable as a rare illustration of the so-called "seven chambered" uterus hypothesized by Galen of Pergamon.
Bovenmyer, Peter. 2019. "Dissecting for the King: Guido da Vigevano and the Anatomy of Death", in Picturing Death, 1200-1600, ed. Stephen Perkinson and Noa Turel. Leiden: Brill.
Settia, Aldo. 2016. "Passato e futuro nell “‘orizzonte tecnico” di Guido da Vigevano." In Future Wars: Storia della distopia militare, 93–108. Milan: Acies Edizioni.
Settia, Aldo. 2004. "Guido da Vigevano" Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani 61.
Lohrmann, Dietrich. 2000. "Turnwindmühlen und Windwagen im 14-15 Jahrhundert: Bemerkungen zu zwei unedierten Ingenieurhandschriften" Technikgeschichte, 67: 25-40.
Ostuni, giustina, ed. 1993. Le machine del re: Il "Texaurus Regis Francie" di Guido da Vigevano. Vigevano: Società Storica Vigevanese/Diakronia.
Hall, Bert Stewart. 1982. "Guido da Vigevano's Texaurus Regis Francie, 1335." In Studies on Medieval Fachliteratur, ed. William Eamon. Brussels: UFSAL.
Wickersheimer, Ernest. 1977. Anatomies de Mondino dei Luzzi et de Guido de Vigevano. Geneva: Slatkine (reprint).
Hall, Bert Stewart. 1978. "Giovanni de Dondi and Guido da Vigevano: Notes Toward a Typology of Medieval Technological Writings." In Machaut's World: Science and Art in the Fourteenth century, ed. Madeleine Pelner Cosman and Bruce Chandler, 127–42. New York: New York Academy of Science.
Hall, Alfred Rupert. 1976 "Guido's Texaurus, 1335." In On Pre-Modern Technology and Science, ed. Bert Stewart Hall and Delno West, 11-51. Malibu: Undena.
Hall, Alfred Rupert. 1956. "The military inventions of Guido da Vigevano" Actes du Congrès International d'Histoire des Sciences, 8, vol. 3: 966-69
Wickersheimer, Ernest. 1913. "L'"Anatomie" de Guide de V., médecin de la reine Jeanne de Bourgogne 1345" Archiv für Geschichte der Medizin 7:1-25.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Guido da Vigevano.
(in German)
The Neuroanatomical Plates of Guido da Vigevano
August 18, 2023
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This article includes a list of references related reading or external links but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations January 2023 Learn how and when to remove this template message Guido da Vigevano or Guido da Vigevano da Pavia born c 1280 died c 1349 was an Italian physician and inventor He is notable for his sketchbook Texaurus regis Francie a catalog of military equipment and his Anothomia Philippi Septimi an illustrated work on dissection Each provides insight into the state of medieval technology and medicine As an inventor Guido can be regarded as a distant forerunner of later Renaissance artist engineers like Taccola Francesco di Giorgio Martini and Leonardo da Vinci As an anatomist Guido documents the practices of the fourteenth century Bolognese school and its esteemed doctor Mondino de Luzzi Anatomy of the uterus by Guido da Vigevano Anothomia Philippi Septimi Chantilly Musee Conde Ms 334 fol 281v Contents 1 Life 2 Works 3 See also 4 References 5 Further reading 6 External linksLife EditGuido was born around 1280 in Pavia but nothing is known beyond his professional life He attended the prestigious medical college at the University of Bologna where he learned from Mondino de Luzzi one of the most influential doctors of the late Middle Ages After completing his education he returned to Pavia to practice medicine In 1310 he joined the ill fated campaign of Holy Roman Emperor Henry VII as court physician Guido likely earned his job after surrendering the castle of Vigevano to Henry in a bloodless coup Following the emperor s death in 1313 Guido returned to Pavia but was forced to seek political asylum as Papal forces placed the city under Interdict Vigevano fled north to France and found employment as physician to Queen Jeanne of Burgundy and later to her husband King Philippe VI Court records reveal that Guido received payments for both medical and diplomatic services The last record of Guido appears in 1349 and it is widely assumed that he died a year later in the plague of 1350 Works Edit Guido da Vigevanos sketch of a crank wagon Bibliotheque Nationale de France ParisVigevano is best known for his medical and technological treatises In 1335 he authored the Texarus regis francie 1 In support of a crusade pledged by Philippe VI The work contains plentiful drawings of war machines and vehicles including armored chariots wind propelled carriages and other imaginative siege equipment The work was likely inspired by late antique military writings such as the Epitoma rei militaris of Vegetius and technical adaptations made by Milanese siege engineers Philippe s crusade was never realized because of war with England but his military sketchbook is a notable example of the experimental nature of medieval war engineering Guido wrote two medical works a regimen sanitatis or health manual to accompany Philippe on his crusade and a treatise on dissection named the Anothomia Philipi Septimi which he also dedicated to the French king The regimen follows a genre of personal health guides best known in works like the Regimen sanitatis Salernitanum Guido tailored his regimin to give advice on maintaining health while traveling in eastern Mediterranean climates A special antidotery discusses poisons used in assassinations and gives the king advice on purgatives and antidotes In one section Guido describes testing an antidote of his own creation against Anconitum wolfsbane After poisoning himself with the plant he writes that he ate a mash made from larva which had fed on Aconitum flowers and successfully recovered The Anothomia Philippi Septimi is a work on dissection created in 1345 It follows the approach used by Guido s mentor Mondino de Luzzi exploring the three venters or regions of the human body abdomen chest head While Guido s work largely repeats the work of established authorities he does note discrepancies in these works for instance the shape of the spleen The Anothomia is notable for its illustrations which Guido claims record his experiences with human dissection Although forbidden in France Guido boasted that he had dissected human bodies many times and describes himself as an expert anatomist His drawings echo the work Henri de Mondeville a professor of surgery and also a court physician to the French crown but are more detailed and naturalistic A drawing of a female cadaver is especially notable as a rare illustration of the so called seven chambered uterus hypothesized by Galen of Pergamon See also EditVillard de HonnecourtReferences Edit Digitized onlineFurther reading EditBovenmyer Peter 2019 Dissecting for the King Guido da Vigevano and the Anatomy of Death in Picturing Death 1200 1600 ed Stephen Perkinson and Noa Turel Leiden Brill Settia Aldo 2016 Passato e futuro nell orizzonte tecnico di Guido da Vigevano In Future Wars Storia della distopia militare 93 108 Milan Acies Edizioni Settia Aldo 2004 Guido da Vigevano Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani 61 Lohrmann Dietrich 2000 Turnwindmuhlen und Windwagen im 14 15 Jahrhundert Bemerkungen zu zwei unedierten Ingenieurhandschriften Technikgeschichte 67 25 40 Ostuni giustina ed 1993 Le machine del re Il Texaurus Regis Francie di Guido da Vigevano Vigevano Societa Storica Vigevanese Diakronia Hall Bert Stewart 1982 Guido da Vigevano s Texaurus Regis Francie 1335 In Studies on Medieval Fachliteratur ed William Eamon Brussels UFSAL Wickersheimer Ernest 1977 Anatomies de Mondino dei Luzzi et de Guido de Vigevano Geneva Slatkine reprint Hall Bert Stewart 1978 Giovanni de Dondi and Guido da Vigevano Notes Toward a Typology of Medieval Technological Writings In Machaut s World Science and Art in the Fourteenth century ed Madeleine Pelner Cosman and Bruce Chandler 127 42 New York New York Academy of Science Hall Alfred Rupert 1976 Guido s Texaurus 1335 In On Pre Modern Technology and Science ed Bert Stewart Hall and Delno West 11 51 Malibu Undena Hall Alfred Rupert 1956 The military inventions of Guido da Vigevano Actes du Congres International d Histoire des Sciences 8 vol 3 966 69 Wickersheimer Ernest 1913 L Anatomie de Guide de V medecin de la reine Jeanne de Bourgogne 1345 Archiv fur Geschichte der Medizin 7 1 25 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Guido da Vigevano Crank cars and Wind Cart plus international bibliography in German The Neuroanatomical Plates of Guido da Vigevano Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Guido da Vigevano amp oldid 1163884147, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
