fbpx
Wikipedia

Gringoire (newspaper)

April 09, 2024

Gringoire (French pronunciation: [ɡʁɛ̃ɡwaʁ]) was a political and literary weekly newspaper in France, founded in 1928 by Horace de Carbuccia (son-in-law of Jean Chiappe, the prefect of police involved in the Stavisky Affair), Georges Suarez and Joseph Kessel.[1]

Typical cover of Gringoire.

It was one of the great inter-war weekly French papers, following a formula started by Candide, and taken up not only by Gringoire but also by the left-wing papers Vendredi and Marianne. The style involved according significant space to politics, having a high-quality literature page, having grand reportages and grand feuilletons (in this case with Pierre Drieu La Rochelle and Francis Carco), satirical cartoons (the main illustrator of Gringoire was Roger Roy), and a simple presentation.

From the centre-right to right-wing nationalism edit

At the outset Gringoire was a pamphlet, the principal trait of a paper called a macédoine (mish-mash), a term coined by Carbuccia himself. Marxism and the left in general were its favourite targets. It represented the right-wing spectrum of the Union nationale led by Raymond Poincaré, with a veteran-like style which it retained throughout.

After the 6 February 1934 shooting of veterans of the First World War, following the general trend toward radicalisation, the influence of Action française made itself felt. In October 1935, Gringoire declared itself against the international sanctions imposed on Italy following its invasion of Abyssinia to avoid pushing Mussolini toward an alliance with Hitler. For a long time the paper had showed itself favourable to the Italian regime, as well as to the Salazar regime in Portugal. It also developed an increasingly marked Anglophobia. Henri Béraud, the paper's editor, published in the 11 October 1935 issue a humoristic article titled "Do we have to reduce England to slavery?". From 1930 the paper, was Germanophobe and nationalist. Its special correspondent in Germany, Xavier de Hauteclocque, forcefully denounced the nazi régime.

Initially favorable to a military intervention against Germany, by 1938 Gringoire was hostile to war because of the perceived weakness of the French military in the face of growing militarism in Germany.

The novelist Romain Gary who published two novels in Gringoire: The Storm (15 February 1935) and A Small Woman (24 May 1935), under his real name Roman Kacew. When the journal, "having turned strongly to the right, then to the extreme-right" became hostile to Jewish immigration, Gary stopped sending his writings despite the significant compensation he received, of 1000 francs per 6-column page.[2]

In his essay on William Butler Yeats, George Orwell cites the predominance of advertising by clairvoyants in Gringoire as an example of the affinity of mysticism with right-wing politics.[3] Elsewhere, Orwell named the paper as "the most disgusting rag it is possible to imagine."[4]

From nationalism to Vichyism edit

From 1936 onwards, a second radicalisation took place, involving a convergence of anti-war views and a vitriolic hostility to the left. People who espoused war were deemed by extension communist sympathisers. Gringoire took editorial positions viewed as anti-semitic while simultaneously welcoming journalists who were Jewish or of Jewish descent such as Joseph Kessel and Irene Nemirovsky. Jews were accused of wanting war in order to overthrow the Nazi regime (which Gringoire also criticized) at a time of French military weakness. Certain Jews were also denounced as the supreme agents of communism in France, and favoured immigration, despised by Gringoire as a source of problems.

The Popular Front of France and the Popular Front of Spain were excoriated by Gringoire. André Tardieu was the editorial writer from 1936 to 1939; when he had a stroke, Philippe Henriot and Roland Dorgelès joined the editorship.

In the 1930s, Gringoire was widely appreciated—to the same extent as Candide, L'Action française and Je suis partout—in right-wing Romanian circles. It sold excellently in Bucharest.

Gringoire approved the Munich Accords, which provoked a fight between Tardieu (who opposed the accords) and Béraud (who was in favour). In spring 1939, Gringoire criticised the 1938 invasion of Czechoslovakia by Germany, and from July 1939 to May 1940, rallied to the politics of national defence. Its tone changed after the defeat; Gringoire, allying with the Vichy regime, fully approved the armistice and Philippe Pétain's national revolution. However, while some of the journalists were ideologically collaborationists, Carbuccia was, according to Pascal Ory, in favour of strategic collaboration and sought to protect his Jewish and resistant journalists. He stopped the newspaper's circulation on 25 May 1944.

Among the paper's contributors was Irène Némirovsky, a politically conservative ethnic Jew of Russian origin who had converted to Catholicism. After the war started, Gringoire was the only magazine that continued to publish her work, pseudonymously, thus "guarantee[ing] Némirovsky's family some desperately needed income." She was arrested in 1942 by the French gendarmerie and handed over to the Nazis; she died of typhus a month after her arrest.[5]

Gringoire's military correspondent, Henri Pelle-Desforges joined the resistance. He was arrested by the Germans and sent to the Buchenwald concentration camp where he died in 1944.[6]

Notes edit

  1. ^ Myriam Anissimov, Romain Gary, Le Caméléon, éditions Folio, 2006, chapitre 19, p. 145.
  2. ^ Myriam Anissimov, Romain Gary, Le Caméléon, éditions Folio, 2006, chap. 19, p. 145 and p. 147).
  3. ^ George Orwell (January 1943). "W.B. Yeats". Orwell.ru. O. Dag.
  4. ^ Tribune, 19 January 1945; reprinted in Orwell's Complete Works, Volume 17.
  5. ^ Messud, Claire (2008). "Introduction". Irene Némirovsky--Four Novels. Knopf. pp. ix–xix. ISBN 9780307267085.
  6. ^ "Ecole Navale / Espace tradition / Officiers célèbres". ecole.nav.traditions.free.fr. Retrieved 2018-08-21.

Principal sources edit

April 09, 2024
gringoire, newspaper, gringoire, french, pronunciation, ɡʁɛ, ɡwaʁ, political, literary, weekly, newspaper, france, founded, 1928, horace, carbuccia, jean, chiappe, prefect, police, involved, stavisky, affair, georges, suarez, joseph, kessel, typical, cover, gr. Gringoire French pronunciation ɡʁɛ ɡwaʁ was a political and literary weekly newspaper in France founded in 1928 by Horace de Carbuccia son in law of Jean Chiappe the prefect of police involved in the Stavisky Affair Georges Suarez and Joseph Kessel 1 Typical cover of Gringoire It was one of the great inter war weekly French papers following a formula started by Candide and taken up not only by Gringoire but also by the left wing papers Vendredi and Marianne The style involved according significant space to politics having a high quality literature page having grand reportages and grand feuilletons in this case with Pierre Drieu La Rochelle and Francis Carco satirical cartoons the main illustrator of Gringoire was Roger Roy and a simple presentation Contents 1 From the centre right to right wing nationalism 2 From nationalism to Vichyism 3 Notes 4 Principal sourcesFrom the centre right to right wing nationalism editAt the outset Gringoire was a pamphlet the principal trait of a paper called a macedoine mish mash a term coined by Carbuccia himself Marxism and the left in general were its favourite targets It represented the right wing spectrum of the Union nationale led by Raymond Poincare with a veteran like style which it retained throughout After the 6 February 1934 shooting of veterans of the First World War following the general trend toward radicalisation the influence of Action francaise made itself felt In October 1935 Gringoire declared itself against the international sanctions imposed on Italy following its invasion of Abyssinia to avoid pushing Mussolini toward an alliance with Hitler For a long time the paper had showed itself favourable to the Italian regime as well as to the Salazar regime in Portugal It also developed an increasingly marked Anglophobia Henri Beraud the paper s editor published in the 11 October 1935 issue a humoristic article titled Do we have to reduce England to slavery From 1930 the paper was Germanophobe and nationalist Its special correspondent in Germany Xavier de Hauteclocque forcefully denounced the nazi regime Initially favorable to a military intervention against Germany by 1938 Gringoire was hostile to war because of the perceived weakness of the French military in the face of growing militarism in Germany The novelist Romain Gary who published two novels in Gringoire The Storm 15 February 1935 and A Small Woman 24 May 1935 under his real name Roman Kacew When the journal having turned strongly to the right then to the extreme right became hostile to Jewish immigration Gary stopped sending his writings despite the significant compensation he received of 1000 francs per 6 column page 2 In his essay on William Butler Yeats George Orwell cites the predominance of advertising by clairvoyants in Gringoire as an example of the affinity of mysticism with right wing politics 3 Elsewhere Orwell named the paper as the most disgusting rag it is possible to imagine 4 From nationalism to Vichyism editFrom 1936 onwards a second radicalisation took place involving a convergence of anti war views and a vitriolic hostility to the left People who espoused war were deemed by extension communist sympathisers Gringoire took editorial positions viewed as anti semitic while simultaneously welcoming journalists who were Jewish or of Jewish descent such as Joseph Kessel and Irene Nemirovsky Jews were accused of wanting war in order to overthrow the Nazi regime which Gringoire also criticized at a time of French military weakness Certain Jews were also denounced as the supreme agents of communism in France and favoured immigration despised by Gringoire as a source of problems The Popular Front of France and the Popular Front of Spain were excoriated by Gringoire Andre Tardieu was the editorial writer from 1936 to 1939 when he had a stroke Philippe Henriot and Roland Dorgeles joined the editorship In the 1930s Gringoire was widely appreciated to the same extent as Candide L Action francaise and Je suis partout in right wing Romanian circles It sold excellently in Bucharest Gringoire approved the Munich Accords which provoked a fight between Tardieu who opposed the accords and Beraud who was in favour In spring 1939 Gringoire criticised the 1938 invasion of Czechoslovakia by Germany and from July 1939 to May 1940 rallied to the politics of national defence Its tone changed after the defeat Gringoire allying with the Vichy regime fully approved the armistice and Philippe Petain s national revolution However while some of the journalists were ideologically collaborationists Carbuccia was according to Pascal Ory in favour of strategic collaboration and sought to protect his Jewish and resistant journalists He stopped the newspaper s circulation on 25 May 1944 Among the paper s contributors was Irene Nemirovsky a politically conservative ethnic Jew of Russian origin who had converted to Catholicism After the war started Gringoire was the only magazine that continued to publish her work pseudonymously thus guarantee ing Nemirovsky s family some desperately needed income She was arrested in 1942 by the French gendarmerie and handed over to the Nazis she died of typhus a month after her arrest 5 Gringoire s military correspondent Henri Pelle Desforges joined the resistance He was arrested by the Germans and sent to the Buchenwald concentration camp where he died in 1944 6 Notes edit Myriam Anissimov Romain Gary Le Cameleon editions Folio 2006 chapitre 19 p 145 Myriam Anissimov Romain Gary Le Cameleon editions Folio 2006 chap 19 p 145 and p 147 George Orwell January 1943 W B Yeats Orwell ru O Dag Tribune 19 January 1945 reprinted in Orwell s Complete Works Volume 17 Messud Claire 2008 Introduction Irene Nemirovsky Four Novels Knopf pp ix xix ISBN 9780307267085 Ecole Navale Espace tradition Officiers celebres ecole nav traditions free fr Retrieved 2018 08 21 Principal sources editJacques Julliard and Michel Winock dir Dictionnaire des intellectuels francais ed du Seuil 2002 Pascal Ory Les Collaborateurs ed du Seuil Points histoire 1980 Eugen Weber L Action francaise ed Fayard 1985 et Hachette coll Pluriel 1990 Horace de Carbuccia Le massacre de la victoire ed de Paris 2015 http www lefigaro fr actualite france 2018 07 17 01016 20180717ARTFIG00268 les heros anonymes xavier de hauteclocque au champ d honneurdes journalistes php Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Gringoire newspaper amp oldid 1187843376, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.