Haliotis fulgens, commonly called the green abalone, is a species of large sea snail, a marine gastropodmollusc in the familyHaliotidae, the abalones.[2] The shell of this species is usually brown, and is marked with many low, flat-topped ribs which run parallel to the five to seven open respiratory pores that are elevated above the shell's surface. The inside of the shell is an iridescent blue and green.
The size of the adult shell of this species varies between 75 mm and 255 mm. "The large, oval, quite convex shell is sculptured all over with equal rounded cords or lirae. Its coloration is reddish-brown. Generally five holes are open. The form is oval. The back of the shell is quite convex. It is solid, but thinner than Haliotis rufescens. The outer surface has a uniform dull reddish-brown color. It is sculptured with rounded spiral lirae, nearly equal in size. These number 30 to 40 on the upper surface. At the row of the holes there is an angle. The surface below it slopes almost perpendicularly to the columellar edge, and has about midway an obtuse keel. The spire does not project above the general curve of the back. The inner surface is dark, mostly blue and green with dark coppery stains, pinkish within the spire. The muscle impression is painted in a peculiar and brilliant pattern, like a peacock's tail. The columellar plate is wide, flat, and slopes inward. The cavity of the spire is small, almost concealed. The about five perforations are rather small, elevated and circular."[3]
The epipodium is a "ruffle" of tissue along the side of the foot. The head and epipodial tentacles are olive green in this species, but the epipodial fringes are a mottled cream and brown color, with knobby tubercles scattered on the surface, and a frilly edge.
Distributionedit
H. fulgens is endemic to the waters off the coast of southern California,[4] from Point Conception, California, to Bahia Magdalena, Baja California Sur, Mexico.
Habitatedit
This species is found in shallow water on open/exposed coast from low intertidal to at least 30 feet (9 m) and perhaps as deep as 60 feet (18 m). Individuals are found in rock crevices, under rocks and other cryptic cavities. Like all abalone, green abalone are herbivores. They feed mostly on drift algae and prefer fleshy red algae.
Predatorsedit
Predators of this species include sea otters, starfish, large fishes, octopuses, and humans.
Diseasesedit
Green abalones are subject to a chronic, progressive and lethal disease: withering abalone syndrome or abalone wasting disease, leading to mass mortality.
Reproductionedit
Green abalone have separate sexes and broadcast spawn from early summer through early fall. Maturity is reached at 2.4 to 5 inches (61–128 mm) length, or 5 to 7 years. Lifespan is up to 30 years or more.
Green abalone are threatened by overharvesting and the withering abalone syndrome disease. California has a Abalone Recovery Management Plan to guide conservation efforts. They are a U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service species of concern. Species of concern are those species about which the U.S. Government's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service has some concerns regarding status and threats, but for which insufficient information is available to indicate a need to list the species under the U.S. Endangered Species Act.
Referencesedit
^Peters, H. & Rogers-Bennett, L. (2021). "Haliotis fulgens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T78768961A78772463. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T78768961A78772463.en.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^H.A. Pilsbry (1890) Manual of Conchology XII; Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, 1890
^Oliver, A.P.H. (2004). Guide to Seashells of the World. Buffalo: Firefly Books. 21.
Further readingedit
Turgeon, D.D., et al. 1998. Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates of the United States and Canada. American Fisheries Society Special Publication 26 page(s): 57
Geiger D.L. & Poppe G.T. (2000). A Conchological Iconography: The family Haliotidae. Conchbooks, Hackenheim Germany. 135pp 83pls. [details]
Geiger D.L. & Owen B. (2012) Abalone: Worldwide Haliotidae. Hackenheim: Conchbooks. viii + 361 pp
External linksedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Haliotis fulgens.
"Haliotis (Haliotis) fulgens". Gastropods.com. Retrieved 16 January 2019.
January 01, 1970
haliotis, fulgens, commonly, called, green, abalone, species, large, snail, marine, gastropod, mollusc, family, haliotidae, abalones, shell, this, species, usually, brown, marked, with, many, flat, topped, ribs, which, parallel, five, seven, open, respiratory,. Haliotis fulgens commonly called the green abalone is a species of large sea snail a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Haliotidae the abalones 2 The shell of this species is usually brown and is marked with many low flat topped ribs which run parallel to the five to seven open respiratory pores that are elevated above the shell s surface The inside of the shell is an iridescent blue and green Haliotis fulgens Five views of a shell of Haliotis fulgens Conservation status Critically Endangered IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Mollusca Class Gastropoda Subclass Vetigastropoda Order Lepetellida Superfamily Haliotoidea Family Haliotidae Genus Haliotis Species H fulgens Binomial name Haliotis fulgensPhilippi 1845 Synonyms 2 Haliotis planilirata Reeve 1846 Haliotis splendens Reeve 1846 Haliotis Haliotis fulgens Philippi 1845 Haliotis Haliotis revea Bartsch P 1940 nomen nudum The range of Haliotis fulgens includes southern California and most of the Pacific coast of Baja California Mexico Contents 1 Subspecies 2 Description 3 Distribution 4 Habitat 5 Predators 6 Diseases 7 Reproduction 8 Threats and conservation 9 References 10 Further reading 11 External linksSubspecies editH f fulgens Philippi 1845 H f guadalupensis Talmadge 1964 H f turveri Bartsch 1942Description editThe size of the adult shell of this species varies between 75 mm and 255 mm The large oval quite convex shell is sculptured all over with equal rounded cords or lirae Its coloration is reddish brown Generally five holes are open The form is oval The back of the shell is quite convex It is solid but thinner than Haliotis rufescens The outer surface has a uniform dull reddish brown color It is sculptured with rounded spiral lirae nearly equal in size These number 30 to 40 on the upper surface At the row of the holes there is an angle The surface below it slopes almost perpendicularly to the columellar edge and has about midway an obtuse keel The spire does not project above the general curve of the back The inner surface is dark mostly blue and green with dark coppery stains pinkish within the spire The muscle impression is painted in a peculiar and brilliant pattern like a peacock s tail The columellar plate is wide flat and slopes inward The cavity of the spire is small almost concealed The about five perforations are rather small elevated and circular 3 The epipodium is a ruffle of tissue along the side of the foot The head and epipodial tentacles are olive green in this species but the epipodial fringes are a mottled cream and brown color with knobby tubercles scattered on the surface and a frilly edge Distribution editH fulgens is endemic to the waters off the coast of southern California 4 from Point Conception California to Bahia Magdalena Baja California Sur Mexico Habitat editThis species is found in shallow water on open exposed coast from low intertidal to at least 30 feet 9 m and perhaps as deep as 60 feet 18 m Individuals are found in rock crevices under rocks and other cryptic cavities Like all abalone green abalone are herbivores They feed mostly on drift algae and prefer fleshy red algae Predators editPredators of this species include sea otters starfish large fishes octopuses and humans Diseases editGreen abalones are subject to a chronic progressive and lethal disease withering abalone syndrome or abalone wasting disease leading to mass mortality Reproduction editGreen abalone have separate sexes and broadcast spawn from early summer through early fall Maturity is reached at 2 4 to 5 inches 61 128 mm length or 5 to 7 years Lifespan is up to 30 years or more Threats and conservation edit nbsp Sun dried meat of the green abalone on San Clemente Island in 1913 Green abalone are threatened by overharvesting and the withering abalone syndrome disease California has a Abalone Recovery Management Plan to guide conservation efforts They are a U S National Marine Fisheries Service species of concern Species of concern are those species about which the U S Government s National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Fisheries Service has some concerns regarding status and threats but for which insufficient information is available to indicate a need to list the species under the U S Endangered Species Act References edit Peters H amp Rogers Bennett L 2021 Haliotis fulgens IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021 e T78768961A78772463 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2021 1 RLTS T78768961A78772463 en a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link a b Haliotis fulgens Philippi 1845 Retrieved through World Register of Marine Species on 9 April 2010 H A Pilsbry 1890 Manual of Conchology XII Academy of Natural Sciences Philadelphia 1890 Oliver A P H 2004 Guide to Seashells of the World Buffalo Firefly Books 21 Further reading editTurgeon D D et al 1998 Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates of the United States and Canada American Fisheries Society Special Publication 26 page s 57 Geiger D L amp Poppe G T 2000 A Conchological Iconography The family Haliotidae Conchbooks Hackenheim Germany 135pp 83pls details Geiger D L amp Owen B 2012 Abalone Worldwide Haliotidae Hackenheim Conchbooks viii 361 ppExternal links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Haliotis fulgens Haliotis Haliotis fulgens Gastropods com Retrieved 16 January 2019 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Haliotis fulgens amp oldid 1210376070, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
