The Great Wrath (Finnish: isoviha, lit. 'the great wrath/hostility', in contemporary sources: venäläisen ylivallan aika, 'Era of Russian domination/supremacy'; Swedish: den stora ofreden) was a period of Finnish history dominated by the Russian invasion and subsequent military occupation of Finland, then part of the Swedish Empire, from 1714 until the treaty of Nystad (1721), which ended the Great Northern War.
Finland was left largely to fend for itself after the disaster of Poltava in 1709. Russia captured Viborg in 1710 and had by 1712 already started their first campaign to capture Finland, which ended in failure.[1] A more organized campaign starting in 1713 managed to capture Helsinki/Helsingfors and drive defending Swedes away from the coast.[2] The Swedish army in Finland was defeated in Storkyro (Isokyrö) in February 1714 with a decisive Russian victory.[3] Swedish efforts to hinder the Russian advance by blockading the coastal sea route at Hangö ended in failure in late July at the battle of Gangut. The presence of a Russian galley fleet in the Gulf of Bothnia forced, in the end, both the Swedish fleet and army to largely abandon Finland in late 1714.[4] Even the Swedish areas on the western side of the Gulf of Bothnia were ravaged by the Russians. The city of Umeå was burned to the ground by the Russians on 18 September 1714, and after struggling to rebuild was razed again in 1720, 1721, and 1722.
Russian occupation of Finland
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After the victory of the Battle of Storkyro, Mikhail Golitsyn was appointed the governor of Finland. Finns began waging partisan warfare against the Russians. As retaliation, the Finnish peasants were forced to pay large contributions to the occupying Russians (as was the custom at the time). Plundering and raping were widespread, especially in Ostrobothnia and in communities near the major roads. Churches were looted and Isokyrö was burned to the ground. A scorched-earth zone several hundred kilometers wide was created by the Russians to hinder Swedish counteroffensives. At least 5,000 Finns were killed and some 10,000 taken away as slaves, of whom only a few thousand would ever return;[5] according to more recent research, the number of the casualties would have been closer to 20,000.[6] Recent research also estimates the number of enslaved children and women to have been closer to 30,000.[7] The worst of these massacres took place on September 29, 1714, when during one night, the Cossacks killed about 800 inhabitants of the Hailuoto Island with axes.[8] Thousands, especially officials, fled to the (relative) safety of Sweden. The poorer peasants hid in the woods to avoid the ravages of the occupiers and their press-gangs.[9] Atrocities were at their worst between 1714 and 1717 when the Swedish Count Gustaf Otto Douglas, who had defected to the Russian side during the war, was in charge of the occupation.
In addition to the predation of the Russian occupants, Finland was struck – as were most other Baltic countries at the time – by the plague. In Helsinki, 1,185 people died: nearly two-thirds of the city's population. The plague had already struck Finland before the Russian invasion, sapping the strength of Sweden in Finland.[9]
It took several decades for the Finnish population and economy to recover after the peace in 1721, at which point Finland was scourged again during the war of 1741–1743, although less devastatingly.
See also
Lesser Wrath, Russian occupation of Finland during the 1741–1743 war
great, wrath, this, article, contains, wording, that, promotes, subject, subjective, manner, without, imparting, real, information, please, remove, replace, such, wording, instead, making, proclamations, about, subject, importance, facts, attribution, demonstr. This article contains wording that promotes the subject in a subjective manner without imparting real information Please remove or replace such wording and instead of making proclamations about a subject s importance use facts and attribution to demonstrate that importance September 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Great Wrath Finnish isoviha lit the great wrath hostility in contemporary sources venalaisen ylivallan aika Era of Russian domination supremacy Swedish den stora ofreden was a period of Finnish history dominated by the Russian invasion and subsequent military occupation of Finland then part of the Swedish Empire from 1714 until the treaty of Nystad 1721 which ended the Great Northern War Contents 1 Background 2 Russian occupation of Finland 3 Consequences 4 See also 5 References 6 BibliographyBackground EditSee also Siege of Vyborg 1710 and Battle of Gangut Finland was left largely to fend for itself after the disaster of Poltava in 1709 Russia captured Viborg in 1710 and had by 1712 already started their first campaign to capture Finland which ended in failure 1 A more organized campaign starting in 1713 managed to capture Helsinki Helsingfors and drive defending Swedes away from the coast 2 The Swedish army in Finland was defeated in Storkyro Isokyro in February 1714 with a decisive Russian victory 3 Swedish efforts to hinder the Russian advance by blockading the coastal sea route at Hango ended in failure in late July at the battle of Gangut The presence of a Russian galley fleet in the Gulf of Bothnia forced in the end both the Swedish fleet and army to largely abandon Finland in late 1714 4 Even the Swedish areas on the western side of the Gulf of Bothnia were ravaged by the Russians The city of Umea was burned to the ground by the Russians on 18 September 1714 and after struggling to rebuild was razed again in 1720 1721 and 1722 Russian occupation of Finland EditThis section needs expansion You can help by adding to it September 2022 After the victory of the Battle of Storkyro Mikhail Golitsyn was appointed the governor of Finland Finns began waging partisan warfare against the Russians As retaliation the Finnish peasants were forced to pay large contributions to the occupying Russians as was the custom at the time Plundering and raping were widespread especially in Ostrobothnia and in communities near the major roads Churches were looted and Isokyro was burned to the ground A scorched earth zone several hundred kilometers wide was created by the Russians to hinder Swedish counteroffensives At least 5 000 Finns were killed and some 10 000 taken away as slaves of whom only a few thousand would ever return 5 according to more recent research the number of the casualties would have been closer to 20 000 6 Recent research also estimates the number of enslaved children and women to have been closer to 30 000 7 The worst of these massacres took place on September 29 1714 when during one night the Cossacks killed about 800 inhabitants of the Hailuoto Island with axes 8 Thousands especially officials fled to the relative safety of Sweden The poorer peasants hid in the woods to avoid the ravages of the occupiers and their press gangs 9 Atrocities were at their worst between 1714 and 1717 when the Swedish Count Gustaf Otto Douglas who had defected to the Russian side during the war was in charge of the occupation In addition to the predation of the Russian occupants Finland was struck as were most other Baltic countries at the time by the plague In Helsinki 1 185 people died nearly two thirds of the city s population The plague had already struck Finland before the Russian invasion sapping the strength of Sweden in Finland 9 Consequences EditThis section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed April 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message It took several decades for the Finnish population and economy to recover after the peace in 1721 at which point Finland was scourged again during the war of 1741 1743 although less devastatingly See also EditLesser Wrath Russian occupation of Finland during the 1741 1743 warReferences Edit Mattila 1983 p 27 33 Mattila 1983 p 33 35 Mattila 1983 p 35 Mattila 1983 p 38 46 Suomen historian pikkujattilainen ISBN 978 951 0 14253 0 Page 265 Helsingin Sanomat Kuukausiliite 7 2009 s 28 33 Uusi Suomi 23 10 2015 Historioitsija Synkkyyden Suomi karsi orjuudesta jopa enemman kuin mikaan Afrikan maa Kaitasuo Pia 15 August 2015 Pietari Suuren synkka tuhon kylvo Kaleva in Finnish No 221 Oulu Kaleva Oy pp 34 35 ISSN 0356 1356 a b Uppslagsverket Finland 1985Bibliography EditMattila Tapani 1983 Meri maamme turvana Sea safeguarding our country in Finnish Jyvaskyla K J Gummerus Osakeyhtio ISBN 951 99487 0 8 Svenska slagfalt 2003 Wahlstrom amp Widstrand ISBN 91 46 21087 3 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Great Wrath amp oldid 1153495385, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
