The grey-fronted dove, the grey-headed dove (Leptotila plumbeiceps) and azuero dove (L. battyi) of Central America, the pallid dove (L. pallida) of South America, and the Grenada dove (L. wellsi) of Grenada were at one time thought to be a single species. Even after these were split into individual species, some authors treated pallid dove as a subspecies of grey-fronted dove. Grey-fronted dove, grey-headed dove, and pallid dove are possibly a superspecies.[4][5]
The grey-fronted dove has these six subspecies. The population in Suriname, here included in the nominate L. r. rufaxilla, has been proposed as a seventh subspecies, L. r. hypochroos.[2][5]
The grey-fronted dove is about 28 cm (11 in) long and weighs 115 to 183 g (4.1 to 6.5 oz). Adult males of the nominate subspecies have a grayish to bluish forehead ("front"), a bluish gray crown, and a grayish purple nape and hindneck with some iridescence. The yellow or brown eye is surrounded by bare red skin that is itself surrounded by pinkish white feathers. The throat is also pinkish white and the rest of the face buff to pinkish buff. The upperparts are olive-brown with faint bronze or purplish on the mantle. The central tail feathers are also olive-brown and the outer ones blackish with obvious white tips. The breast and sides of the neck are greyish pink shading to white on the belly. The bill is black and the legs and feet red. The adult nominate female is browner than the male, with more of an olive cast to the flanks and green-tinged upperparts. The juvenile is similar to the female but its breast has rust and drab brown bars and the upperparts' feathers show rusty edges. The other subspecies differ somewhat in size and their colors are redder, pinker, or grayer than the nominate.[5]
Distribution and habitatedit
The grey-fronted dove is a resident breeder in South America on Trinidad and east of the Andes from Colombia, Venezuela and the Guyanas south to Paraguay, Uruguay, and northeastern Argentina. The subspecies are found thus:[3][5]
L. r. pallidipectus, eastern Colombia and probably western Venezuela
L. r. dubusi, southeastern Colombia to south-central Venezuela, south through eastern Ecuador to eastern Peru, and east into western Brazil
L. r. rufaxilla, eastern Venezuela, the Guianas, and northern Brazil
L. r. reichenbachii, central and southern Brazil south to northeastern Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay
The grey-fronted dove inhabits humid forest, generally in the interior but also at the edges and in clearings. In Colombia it has been recorded in várzea, terra firme, and gallery forests. In elevation it is found below 550 m (1,800 ft) in Venezuela and locally as high as 2,200 m (7,200 ft) in southeastern Brazil.[5]
Behavioredit
Feedingedit
The grey-fronted dove forages on the forest floor, eating seeds, small fruit such as berries,[6] insects such as small butterflies and moths, and other invertebrates.[6] It has also been recorded eating bananas and rice at feeding stations.[5]
Breedingedit
The grey-fronted dove breeds almost year round in Trinidad; elsewhere its breeding season is shorter. It builds a platform nest of twigs in a bush, tree, or palm and lays one or two white eggs.[5]
Vocalizationedit
Songs and calls
Listen to grey-fronted dove on xeno-canto
The grey-fronted dove's song is "a single mournful monotonous note 'wooOOOoo' which fades in and out."[5]
Statusedit
The IUCN has assessed the grey-fronted dove as being of Least Concern. Its population is estimated to exceed 500,000 but is believed to be decreasing.[1]
^ abGill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P. (July 2021). "IOC World Bird List (v 11.2)". Retrieved July 14, 2021.
^ abRemsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 24 August 2021. Species Lists of Birds for South American Countries and Territories. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCCountryLists.htm retrieved August 24, 2021
^Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 24 August 2021. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved August 24, 2021
^ abcdefghBaptista, L. F., P. W. Trail, H. M. Horblit, A. Bonan, and P. F. D. Boesman (2020). Gray-fronted Dove (Leptotila rufaxilla), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.grfdov1.01 retrieved September 21, 2021
"Gray-fronted dove" photo gallery VIREO Photo-High Res
; terrabrasil
January 01, 1970
grey, fronted, dove, confused, with, grey, fronted, quail, dove, grey, fronted, dove, leptotila, rufaxilla, large, world, tropical, dove, found, trinidad, every, mainland, south, american, country, except, chile, conservation, status, least, concern, iucn, sci. Not to be confused with Grey fronted quail dove The grey fronted dove Leptotila rufaxilla is a large New World tropical dove It is found on Trinidad and in every mainland South American country except Chile 2 3 Grey fronted dove Conservation status Least Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Aves Order Columbiformes Family Columbidae Genus Leptotila Species L rufaxilla Binomial name Leptotila rufaxilla Richard amp Bernard 1792 Contents 1 Taxonomy and systematics 2 Description 3 Distribution and habitat 4 Behavior 4 1 Feeding 4 2 Breeding 4 3 Vocalization 5 Status 6 References 7 Further reading 8 External linksTaxonomy and systematics editThe grey fronted dove the grey headed dove Leptotila plumbeiceps and azuero dove L battyi of Central America the pallid dove L pallida of South America and the Grenada dove L wellsi of Grenada were at one time thought to be a single species Even after these were split into individual species some authors treated pallid dove as a subspecies of grey fronted dove Grey fronted dove grey headed dove and pallid dove are possibly a superspecies 4 5 The grey fronted dove has these six subspecies The population in Suriname here included in the nominate L r rufaxilla has been proposed as a seventh subspecies L r hypochroos 2 5 L r pallidipectus Chapman 1915 L r dubusi Bonaparte 1855 L r rufaxilla Richard amp Bernard 1792 L r helmayri Chapman 1915 L r bahiae Berlepsch 1885 L r reichenbachii Pelzeln 1870 Description editThe grey fronted dove is about 28 cm 11 in long and weighs 115 to 183 g 4 1 to 6 5 oz Adult males of the nominate subspecies have a grayish to bluish forehead front a bluish gray crown and a grayish purple nape and hindneck with some iridescence The yellow or brown eye is surrounded by bare red skin that is itself surrounded by pinkish white feathers The throat is also pinkish white and the rest of the face buff to pinkish buff The upperparts are olive brown with faint bronze or purplish on the mantle The central tail feathers are also olive brown and the outer ones blackish with obvious white tips The breast and sides of the neck are greyish pink shading to white on the belly The bill is black and the legs and feet red The adult nominate female is browner than the male with more of an olive cast to the flanks and green tinged upperparts The juvenile is similar to the female but its breast has rust and drab brown bars and the upperparts feathers show rusty edges The other subspecies differ somewhat in size and their colors are redder pinker or grayer than the nominate 5 Distribution and habitat editThe grey fronted dove is a resident breeder in South America on Trinidad and east of the Andes from Colombia Venezuela and the Guyanas south to Paraguay Uruguay and northeastern Argentina The subspecies are found thus 3 5 L r pallidipectus eastern Colombia and probably western Venezuela L r dubusi southeastern Colombia to south central Venezuela south through eastern Ecuador to eastern Peru and east into western Brazil L r rufaxilla eastern Venezuela the Guianas and northern Brazil L r helmayri Venezuela s Paria Peninsula and Trinidad L r bahiae central Brazil L r reichenbachii central and southern Brazil south to northeastern Argentina Paraguay and Uruguay The grey fronted dove inhabits humid forest generally in the interior but also at the edges and in clearings In Colombia it has been recorded in varzea terra firme and gallery forests In elevation it is found below 550 m 1 800 ft in Venezuela and locally as high as 2 200 m 7 200 ft in southeastern Brazil 5 Behavior editFeeding edit The grey fronted dove forages on the forest floor eating seeds small fruit such as berries 6 insects such as small butterflies and moths and other invertebrates 6 It has also been recorded eating bananas and rice at feeding stations 5 Breeding edit The grey fronted dove breeds almost year round in Trinidad elsewhere its breeding season is shorter It builds a platform nest of twigs in a bush tree or palm and lays one or two white eggs 5 Vocalization edit nbsp Songs and calls Listen to grey fronted dove on xeno canto The grey fronted dove s song is a single mournful monotonous note wooOOOoo which fades in and out 5 Status editThe IUCN has assessed the grey fronted dove as being of Least Concern Its population is estimated to exceed 500 000 but is believed to be decreasing 1 References edit a b BirdLife International 2018 Grey fronted Dove Leptotila rufaxilla IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018 Retrieved 21 September 2021 a b Gill F Donsker D Rasmussen P July 2021 IOC World Bird List v 11 2 Retrieved July 14 2021 a b Remsen J V Jr J I Areta E Bonaccorso S Claramunt A Jaramillo D F Lane J F Pacheco M B Robbins F G Stiles and K J Zimmer Version 24 August 2021 Species Lists of Birds for South American Countries and Territories https www museum lsu edu Remsen SACCCountryLists htm retrieved August 24 2021 Remsen J V Jr J I Areta E Bonaccorso S Claramunt A Jaramillo D F Lane J F Pacheco M B Robbins F G Stiles and K J Zimmer Version 24 August 2021 A classification of the bird species of South America American Ornithological Society https www museum lsu edu Remsen SACCBaseline htm retrieved August 24 2021 a b c d e f g h Baptista L F P W Trail H M Horblit A Bonan and P F D Boesman 2020 Gray fronted Dove Leptotila rufaxilla version 1 0 In Birds of the World J del Hoyo A Elliott J Sargatal D A Christie and E de Juana Editors Cornell Lab of Ornithology Ithaca NY USA https doi org 10 2173 bow grfdov1 01 retrieved September 21 2021 a b https sta uwi edu fst lifesciences sites default files lifesciences documents ogatt Leptotila rufaxilla 20 20Grey fronted 20Dove pdf bare URL PDF Further reading editHilty Steven L 2003 Birds of Venezuela London Christopher Helm ISBN 0 7136 6418 5 ffrench Richard 1991 A Guide to the Birds of Trinidad and Tobago 2nd ed Comstock Publishing ISBN 0 8014 9792 2 External links editStamps usurped for Suriname with RangeMap Gray fronted dove photo gallery VIREO Photo High Res Photo High Res Article terrabrasil Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Grey fronted dove amp oldid 1221936549, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
