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Grating light valve

The grating light valve (GLV) is a "micro projection" technology that operates using a dynamically adjustable diffraction grating. It competes with other light valve technologies such as Digital Light Processing (DLP) and liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) for implementation in video projector devices such as rear-projection televisions. The use of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) in optical applications, which is known as optical MEMS or micro-opto-electro-mechanical structures (MOEMS), has enabled the possibility to combine the mechanical, electrical, and optical components in tiny-scale.

Silicon Light Machines (SLM), in Sunnyvale CA, markets and licenses GLV technology with the capitalised trademarks "'Grated Light Valve'" and GLV, previously Grating Light Valve.[1][2] The valve diffracts laser light using an array of tiny movable ribbons mounted on a silicon base. The GLV uses six ribbons as each pixel's diffraction gratings. Electronic signals alter the alignment of the gratings, and this displacement controls the intensity of the diffracted light in a very smooth gradation.

Brief history edit

The light valve was initially developed at Stanford University, in California, by electrical engineering professor David M. Bloom, along with William C. Banyai, Raj Apte, Francisco Sandejas, and Olav Solgaard, professor in the Stanford Department of Electrical Engineering. In 1994, the start-up company Silicon Light Machines was founded by Bloom to develop and commercialize the technology. Cypress Semiconductor acquired Silicon Light Machines in 2000 and sold the company to Dainippon Screen. Before the acquisition by Dainippon Screen, several marketing articles were published in EETimes, EETimes China, EETimes Taiwan, Electronica Olgi, and Fibre Systems Europe, highlighting Cypress Semiconductor's new MEMS manufacturing capabilities. The company is now wholly owned by Dainippon Screen Manufacturing Co., Ltd.[3]

In July 2000, Sony announced the signing of a technology licensing agreement with SLM[4][5] for the implementation of GLV technology in laser projectors for large venues,[6] but by 2004 Sony announced the SRX-R110 front projector using its LCoS-based technology SXRD. SLM then partnered with Evans & Sutherland (E&S). Using GLV technology, E&S developed the E&S Laser Projector, designed for use in domes and planetariums.[7] The E&S Laser Projector was incorporated into the Digistar 3 dome projection system.

Technology edit

The GLV device is built on a silicon wafer and consists of parallel rows of "'highly reflective micro-ribbons'" – ribbons of sizes of a few µm with a top layer of aluminium – suspended above an air gap that is configured such that alternate ribbons (active ribbons are interlaced with static ribbons) can be dynamically actuated. Individual electrical connections to each active ribbon electrode provide for independent actuation. The ribbons and the substrate are electrically conductive so that the deflection of the ribbon can be controlled in an analog manner: When the voltage of the active ribbons is set to ground potential, all ribbons are undeflected, and the device acts as a mirror so the incident light returns along the same path. When a voltage is applied between the ribbon and base conductor, an electrical field is generated and deflects the active ribbon downward toward the substrate. This deflection can be as big as one-quarter wavelength hence creating diffraction effects on incident light that is reflected at an angle that is different from that of the incident light. The wavelength to diffract is determined by the spatial frequency of the ribbons. As this spatial frequency is determined by the photolithographic mask used to form the GLV device in the CMOS fabrication process, the departure angles can be very accurately controlled, which is useful for optical switching applications.

Switching from undeflected to maximum ribbon deflection can occur in 20 nanoseconds, which is a million times faster than conventional LCD display devices and about 1000 times faster than TI's DMD technology. This high speed can be achieved thanks to the small size, small mass, and small excursion (of a few hundreds of nanometers) of the ribbons. Besides, there is no physical contact between moving elements which makes the lifetime of the GLV as long as 15 years without stopping (over 210 billion switching cycles).

Applications edit

The GLV technology has been applied to various products, from laser-based HDTV sets to computer-to-plate offset printing presses to DWDM components used for wavelength management. Applications of the GLV device in maskless photolithography have also been extensively investigated.[2]

Displays edit

To build a display system using the GLV device, different approaches can be followed: ranging from a simple process using a single GLV device with white light as a source, thus having a monochrome system, to a more complex solution using three different GLV devices each for one of the RGB primaries' sources that once diffracted require additional optical filters to point the light onto the screen or an intermediate using a single white source with a GLV device. Besides, the light can be diffracted by the GLV device into an eyepiece for virtual retinal display or into an optical system for image projection onto a screen (projector and rear-projector).[8][9][10][11]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ . Silicon Light Machines. Archived from the original on April 25, 2010. Retrieved April 23, 2010. our patented Grated Light Valve (GLV) modules
  2. ^ a b D. T. Amm; R. W. Corrigan. (PDF). Silicon Light Machines. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2004-08-06.
  3. ^ Dainippon Screen Mfg. Co., Ltd.
  4. ^ Sony Develops a Grating Light Valve display device that gives high resolution, excellent contrast ratio and wide color reproduction
  5. ^ . Archived from the original on 2010-01-20. Retrieved 2010-02-03.
  6. ^ . 2005-06-23. Archived from the original on 2005-11-26.
  7. ^ . Archived from the original on 2009-01-16. Retrieved 2009-02-03.
  8. ^ Teklas S. Perry. Tomorrow's TV, IEEE Spectrum, April 2004.
  9. ^ (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on October 10, 2008. Retrieved February 25, 2010.
  10. ^ David M. Bloom. "The Grating Light Valve: Revolutionizing Display Technology, 1995. (Silicon Light Machines)" SPIE Publications
  11. ^ Francis Pickard, Celine Campillo, Keith K. Niall, Carl Larouche, Hubert Jerominek. "MEMS-based Light Valves for Ultra-high Resolution Projection Displays"

External links edit

  • Silicon Light Machines
  • Dainippon Screen Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
  • Sony
  • Evans & Sutherland
  • HDTVExpert
  • Defence Research and Development Canada

grating, light, valve, grating, light, valve, micro, projection, technology, that, operates, using, dynamically, adjustable, diffraction, grating, competes, with, other, light, valve, technologies, such, digital, light, processing, liquid, crystal, silicon, lc. The grating light valve GLV is a micro projection technology that operates using a dynamically adjustable diffraction grating It competes with other light valve technologies such as Digital Light Processing DLP and liquid crystal on silicon LCoS for implementation in video projector devices such as rear projection televisions The use of microelectromechanical systems MEMS in optical applications which is known as optical MEMS or micro opto electro mechanical structures MOEMS has enabled the possibility to combine the mechanical electrical and optical components in tiny scale Silicon Light Machines SLM in Sunnyvale CA markets and licenses GLV technology with the capitalised trademarks Grated Light Valve and GLV previously Grating Light Valve 1 2 The valve diffracts laser light using an array of tiny movable ribbons mounted on a silicon base The GLV uses six ribbons as each pixel s diffraction gratings Electronic signals alter the alignment of the gratings and this displacement controls the intensity of the diffracted light in a very smooth gradation Contents 1 Brief history 2 Technology 3 Applications 3 1 Displays 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksBrief history editThe light valve was initially developed at Stanford University in California by electrical engineering professor David M Bloom along with William C Banyai Raj Apte Francisco Sandejas and Olav Solgaard professor in the Stanford Department of Electrical Engineering In 1994 the start up company Silicon Light Machines was founded by Bloom to develop and commercialize the technology Cypress Semiconductor acquired Silicon Light Machines in 2000 and sold the company to Dainippon Screen Before the acquisition by Dainippon Screen several marketing articles were published in EETimes EETimes China EETimes Taiwan Electronica Olgi and Fibre Systems Europe highlighting Cypress Semiconductor s new MEMS manufacturing capabilities The company is now wholly owned by Dainippon Screen Manufacturing Co Ltd 3 In July 2000 Sony announced the signing of a technology licensing agreement with SLM 4 5 for the implementation of GLV technology in laser projectors for large venues 6 but by 2004 Sony announced the SRX R110 front projector using its LCoS based technology SXRD SLM then partnered with Evans amp Sutherland E amp S Using GLV technology E amp S developed the E amp S Laser Projector designed for use in domes and planetariums 7 The E amp S Laser Projector was incorporated into the Digistar 3 dome projection system Technology editThis section includes a list of general references but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations Please help to improve this section by introducing more precise citations February 2009 Learn how and when to remove this template message The GLV device is built on a silicon wafer and consists of parallel rows of highly reflective micro ribbons ribbons of sizes of a few µm with a top layer of aluminium suspended above an air gap that is configured such that alternate ribbons active ribbons are interlaced with static ribbons can be dynamically actuated Individual electrical connections to each active ribbon electrode provide for independent actuation The ribbons and the substrate are electrically conductive so that the deflection of the ribbon can be controlled in an analog manner When the voltage of the active ribbons is set to ground potential all ribbons are undeflected and the device acts as a mirror so the incident light returns along the same path When a voltage is applied between the ribbon and base conductor an electrical field is generated and deflects the active ribbon downward toward the substrate This deflection can be as big as one quarter wavelength hence creating diffraction effects on incident light that is reflected at an angle that is different from that of the incident light The wavelength to diffract is determined by the spatial frequency of the ribbons As this spatial frequency is determined by the photolithographic mask used to form the GLV device in the CMOS fabrication process the departure angles can be very accurately controlled which is useful for optical switching applications Switching from undeflected to maximum ribbon deflection can occur in 20 nanoseconds which is a million times faster than conventional LCD display devices and about 1000 times faster than TI s DMD technology This high speed can be achieved thanks to the small size small mass and small excursion of a few hundreds of nanometers of the ribbons Besides there is no physical contact between moving elements which makes the lifetime of the GLV as long as 15 years without stopping over 210 billion switching cycles Applications editThe GLV technology has been applied to various products from laser based HDTV sets to computer to plate offset printing presses to DWDM components used for wavelength management Applications of the GLV device in maskless photolithography have also been extensively investigated 2 Displays edit To build a display system using the GLV device different approaches can be followed ranging from a simple process using a single GLV device with white light as a source thus having a monochrome system to a more complex solution using three different GLV devices each for one of the RGB primaries sources that once diffracted require additional optical filters to point the light onto the screen or an intermediate using a single white source with a GLV device Besides the light can be diffracted by the GLV device into an eyepiece for virtual retinal display or into an optical system for image projection onto a screen projector and rear projector 8 9 10 11 See also editDLP Liquid crystal on siliconReferences edit Home page Silicon Light Machines Archived from the original on April 25 2010 Retrieved April 23 2010 our patented Grated Light Valve GLV modules a b D T Amm R W Corrigan GLV Technology Update and Novel Applications PDF Silicon Light Machines Archived from the original PDF on 2004 08 06 Dainippon Screen Mfg Co Ltd Sony Develops a Grating Light Valve display device that gives high resolution excellent contrast ratio and wide color reproduction Sony Signs Technology License Agreement with SLM Archived from the original on 2010 01 20 Retrieved 2010 02 03 SAY ISN T THAT ELVIS The Grating Light Valve emerges from hiding in Salt Lake City 2005 06 23 Archived from the original on 2005 11 26 Digistar 3 Laser Archived from the original on 2009 01 16 Retrieved 2009 02 03 Teklas S Perry Tomorrow s TV IEEE Spectrum April 2004 Jahja I Trisnadi Clinton B Carlisle Robert Monteverde Overview and Applications of Grating Light Valve based optical write engines for high speed digital imaging January 26 2004 PDF Archived from the original PDF on October 10 2008 Retrieved February 25 2010 David M Bloom The Grating Light Valve Revolutionizing Display Technology 1995 Silicon Light Machines SPIE Publications Francis Pickard Celine Campillo Keith K Niall Carl Larouche Hubert Jerominek MEMS based Light Valves for Ultra high Resolution Projection Displays External links editSilicon Light Machines Dainippon Screen Manufacturing Co Ltd Sony Evans amp Sutherland MEKO European Display Data and Market Research HDTVExpert Defence Research and Development Canada Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Grating light valve amp oldid 1188208990, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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