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Grand Lake o' the Cherokees

Grand Lake o' the Cherokees is situated in Northeast Oklahoma in the foothills of the Ozark Mountain Range. It is often simply called Grand Lake. It is administered by the Grand River Dam Authority (GRDA).

Grand Lake o' the Cherokees
View of a portion of Grand Lake near Grove, Oklahoma
Grand Lake o' the Cherokees
Grand Lake o' the Cherokees
LocationDelaware / Ottawa / Mayes / Craig counties, Oklahoma, US
Coordinates36°36′43″N 94°50′29″W / 36.6119°N 94.8415°W / 36.6119; -94.8415
Basin countriesUnited States
Surface area46,500 acres (18,800 ha)
Surface elevation745 ft (227 m)
SettlementsGrove, Oklahoma, Disney, Oklahoma

History edit

The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture credits Henry Holderman, a citizen of the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma as first envisioning Grand River as a source for hydroelectric power for the Cherokee Nation. Even prior to Oklahoma statehood in 1907, Holderman began building political support for such a project. A feasibility study by the Army Corps of Engineers attracted favorable attention in the Oklahoma legislature, leading to creation of the Grand River Dam Authority (GRDA), a state agency, in 1935. Construction began in 1938 on the Pensacola Dam on the Grand River (lower Neosho River) as a Works Progress Administration project. The dam was completed in March 1940, creating the lake behind it. Between 1941 and 1946, the U.S. government took control of Pensacola Dam to divert power to the war effort. Control was returned to the GRDA by the Congress and President Truman amid local celebration in August 1946.[1]

Pensacola Dam edit

 
Aerial View of Pensacola Dam and Grand Lake

Pensacola Dam is claimed to be the longest multiple arch dam in the world, its main span consisting of 51 arches totaling 5,145 feet (1,568 m) in length, and supporting a walkway and State Highway 28, a narrow two-lane highway. A 120 megawatt, 6-unit powerhouse sits at the west end, with 21 spillways on the east end.[2] The project's chief engineer was W. R. Holway (who was also responsible for Tulsa's Spavinaw water project), while the architect of record for the PWA-style Art Deco design of the dam and powerhouse was Tulsan John Duncan Forsyth.[3][4][5][6]

Another mile east, through the town of Disney, lie two small sister dams known as "the spillways" with an additional 21 gates, surrounded by public parks and launching ramp. 510,000 cubic yards (390,000 m3) of concrete were used in the construction of Pensacola Dam, poured 24 hours a day in just 20 months with Depression-era labor. The lake, and the electric utilities, as well as other projects in the region, along the Grand River are administered by the Grand River Dam Authority, an agency created by the Oklahoma legislature in 1935.

Grand Lake has a surface area of 41,779[7] acres (169.07 km2) of water, a storage volume of 1,515,416 acre-feet,[7] and 1,366[8] miles (2,198 km) of shoreline. Unlike other lakes in Oklahoma, Grand Lake is a deep and mostly rocky lake. The average depth for Grand Lake is 36.3 feet.[7] Its mean elevation is 745[8] ft (227 m) above sea level.[2] In recent years, low fall elevations of 741 were kept by the GRDA to allow millet seeding for migratory waterfowl, resulting in conflict between property owners, environmentalists, and federal agencies. While not expressly built for flood control, Grand Lake contributes to the flood-prone Arkansas River watershed. The Army Corps of Engineers controls releases into the McClellan-Kerr Arkansas River Navigation System when lake levels exceed 745 feet (227 m), although locking into Grand Lake is not possible. Grand Lake and its neighbor, Lake Hudson (also managed by the GRDA), are the only two major lakes in the state where one can build directly on the waterfront.

Residents of the town of Miami and Native American groups have objected to proposals to increase high water levels at Pensacola Dam in order to maintain the water level at Grand Lake. Miami residents are concerned that when water backs up downstream from Miami on the Neosho River, this can contribute to Miami's flooding problems. [9][10][11]

Recreation edit

The lake is a popular destination for entertainment in the Green Country region. There are a number of shows in the area, as well as resorts, and a sixty-seven-foot long, twin deck paddle wheel riverboat called the Cherokee Queen,[12] which has been in operation since the 1940s.[2] Consistently ranked among the top bass fishing lakes in the United States, Grand also houses a wide variety of other sport and non-sport fishing. Due to its predictable winds, it attracts sailboaters from across the country as well.[2]

In literature edit

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ "Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture: Grand River Dam Authority." Accessed October 10, 2019.[1]
  2. ^ a b c d "Eyes on Texas & Oklahoma: Grand Lake o' the Cherokees" Website
  3. ^ Pensacola Dam 2011-07-20 at the Wayback Machine at Oklahoma National Register Properties, Oklahoma Historical Society, State Historic Preservation Office website.
  4. ^ Jim Gabbert, "5 Buildings by John Duncan Forsyth", Preservation Oklahoma News August 12, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, July 2006, p.5.
  5. ^ Donald C. Jackson, Great American Bridges and Dams: A National Trust Guide (John Wiley and Sons, 1988) ISBN 978-0-471-14385-7, p.254 (excerpt available at Google Books).
  6. ^ Historical Atlas of Oklahoma (University of Oklahoma Press, 2006), p. 12, ISBN 978-0-8061-3483-3 (excerpt available at Google Books).
  7. ^ a b c http://www.owrb.ok.gov/studies/reports/reports_pdf/GrandLake--hydrologicsurvey.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  8. ^ a b http://edgecast.data.travelok.com/okdataengine/appmedia/documents/1/1748/Grand.pdf[permanent dead link]
  9. ^ Mervosh, Sarah (August 27, 2019). "A Senator's Lake House vs. a Town Fighting Flooding". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 18, 2020.
  10. ^ Ellis, Jim (September 9, 2019). "Miami leaders call Inhofe amendment 'unfair'". The Journal Record. Retrieved February 18, 2020.
  11. ^ "Miami, Oklahoma residents voice concerns with proposal to increase Grand Lake's level by two feet". KOAM. February 12, 2020. Retrieved February 18, 2020.
  12. ^ "Cherokee Queen Riverboat Ride". GrandLake.com. Retrieved October 19, 2019.

Further reading edit

  • Voices of Oklahoma interview with Dr. Bruce Howard about the creation of Grand Lake O' the Cherokees and Pensacola Dam. First person interview conducted on December 2, 2014 with Dr. Bruce Howard about the creation of Grand Lake O' the Cherokees and Pensacola Dam.

External links edit

  • Grand Lake area information, photos and videos on TravelOK.com Official travel and tourism website for the State of Oklahoma
  • Grand Lake Maps
  • Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture - Grand River Dam Authority

grand, lake, cherokees, situated, northeast, oklahoma, foothills, ozark, mountain, range, often, simply, called, grand, lake, administered, grand, river, authority, grda, view, portion, grand, lake, near, grove, oklahomashow, oklahomashow, united, stateslocati. Grand Lake o the Cherokees is situated in Northeast Oklahoma in the foothills of the Ozark Mountain Range It is often simply called Grand Lake It is administered by the Grand River Dam Authority GRDA Grand Lake o the CherokeesView of a portion of Grand Lake near Grove OklahomaGrand Lake o the CherokeesShow map of OklahomaGrand Lake o the CherokeesShow map of the United StatesLocationDelaware Ottawa Mayes Craig counties Oklahoma USCoordinates36 36 43 N 94 50 29 W 36 6119 N 94 8415 W 36 6119 94 8415Basin countriesUnited StatesSurface area46 500 acres 18 800 ha Surface elevation745 ft 227 m SettlementsGrove Oklahoma Disney Oklahoma Contents 1 History 2 Pensacola Dam 3 Recreation 4 In literature 5 See also 6 References 7 Further reading 8 External linksHistory editThe Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture credits Henry Holderman a citizen of the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma as first envisioning Grand River as a source for hydroelectric power for the Cherokee Nation Even prior to Oklahoma statehood in 1907 Holderman began building political support for such a project A feasibility study by the Army Corps of Engineers attracted favorable attention in the Oklahoma legislature leading to creation of the Grand River Dam Authority GRDA a state agency in 1935 Construction began in 1938 on the Pensacola Dam on the Grand River lower Neosho River as a Works Progress Administration project The dam was completed in March 1940 creating the lake behind it Between 1941 and 1946 the U S government took control of Pensacola Dam to divert power to the war effort Control was returned to the GRDA by the Congress and President Truman amid local celebration in August 1946 1 Pensacola Dam editMain article Pensacola Dam nbsp Aerial View of Pensacola Dam and Grand LakePensacola Dam is claimed to be the longest multiple arch dam in the world its main span consisting of 51 arches totaling 5 145 feet 1 568 m in length and supporting a walkway and State Highway 28 a narrow two lane highway A 120 megawatt 6 unit powerhouse sits at the west end with 21 spillways on the east end 2 The project s chief engineer was W R Holway who was also responsible for Tulsa s Spavinaw water project while the architect of record for the PWA style Art Deco design of the dam and powerhouse was Tulsan John Duncan Forsyth 3 4 5 6 Another mile east through the town of Disney lie two small sister dams known as the spillways with an additional 21 gates surrounded by public parks and launching ramp 510 000 cubic yards 390 000 m3 of concrete were used in the construction of Pensacola Dam poured 24 hours a day in just 20 months with Depression era labor The lake and the electric utilities as well as other projects in the region along the Grand River are administered by the Grand River Dam Authority an agency created by the Oklahoma legislature in 1935 Grand Lake has a surface area of 41 779 7 acres 169 07 km2 of water a storage volume of 1 515 416 acre feet 7 and 1 366 8 miles 2 198 km of shoreline Unlike other lakes in Oklahoma Grand Lake is a deep and mostly rocky lake The average depth for Grand Lake is 36 3 feet 7 Its mean elevation is 745 8 ft 227 m above sea level 2 In recent years low fall elevations of 741 were kept by the GRDA to allow millet seeding for migratory waterfowl resulting in conflict between property owners environmentalists and federal agencies While not expressly built for flood control Grand Lake contributes to the flood prone Arkansas River watershed The Army Corps of Engineers controls releases into the McClellan Kerr Arkansas River Navigation System when lake levels exceed 745 feet 227 m although locking into Grand Lake is not possible Grand Lake and its neighbor Lake Hudson also managed by the GRDA are the only two major lakes in the state where one can build directly on the waterfront Residents of the town of Miami and Native American groups have objected to proposals to increase high water levels at Pensacola Dam in order to maintain the water level at Grand Lake Miami residents are concerned that when water backs up downstream from Miami on the Neosho River this can contribute to Miami s flooding problems 9 10 11 Recreation editThe lake is a popular destination for entertainment in the Green Country region There are a number of shows in the area as well as resorts and a sixty seven foot long twin deck paddle wheel riverboat called the Cherokee Queen 12 which has been in operation since the 1940s 2 Consistently ranked among the top bass fishing lakes in the United States Grand also houses a wide variety of other sport and non sport fishing Due to its predictable winds it attracts sailboaters from across the country as well 2 In literature editIn the book The Bean Trees by Barbara Kingsolver Taylor Turtle Estevan and Esperanza visit the lake See also editLakes in OklahomaReferences edit Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture Grand River Dam Authority Accessed October 10 2019 1 a b c d Eyes on Texas amp Oklahoma Grand Lake o the Cherokees Website Pensacola Dam Archived 2011 07 20 at the Wayback Machine at Oklahoma National Register Properties Oklahoma Historical Society State Historic Preservation Office website Jim Gabbert 5 Buildings by John Duncan Forsyth Preservation Oklahoma News Archived August 12 2017 at the Wayback Machine July 2006 p 5 Donald C Jackson Great American Bridges and Dams A National Trust Guide John Wiley and Sons 1988 ISBN 978 0 471 14385 7 p 254 excerpt available at Google Books Historical Atlas of Oklahoma University of Oklahoma Press 2006 p 12 ISBN 978 0 8061 3483 3 excerpt available at Google Books a b c http www owrb ok gov studies reports reports pdf GrandLake hydrologicsurvey pdf bare URL PDF a b http edgecast data travelok com okdataengine appmedia documents 1 1748 Grand pdf permanent dead link Mervosh Sarah August 27 2019 A Senator s Lake House vs a Town Fighting Flooding The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved February 18 2020 Ellis Jim September 9 2019 Miami leaders call Inhofe amendment unfair The Journal Record Retrieved February 18 2020 Miami Oklahoma residents voice concerns with proposal to increase Grand Lake s level by two feet KOAM February 12 2020 Retrieved February 18 2020 Cherokee Queen Riverboat Ride GrandLake com Retrieved October 19 2019 Further reading editVoices of Oklahoma interview with Dr Bruce Howard about the creation of Grand Lake O the Cherokees and Pensacola Dam First person interview conducted on December 2 2014 with Dr Bruce Howard about the creation of Grand Lake O the Cherokees and Pensacola Dam External links editGrand Lake area information photos and videos on TravelOK com Official travel and tourism website for the State of Oklahoma Grand Lake Maps Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture Grand River Dam Authority Oklahoma Digital Maps Digital Collections of Oklahoma and Indian Territory Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Grand Lake o 27 the Cherokees amp oldid 1223749604, 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