Gram Panchayat (transl. 'village council') is a basic governing institution in Indian villages. It is a political institution, acting as the cabinet of a village or group of villages. The Gram Sabha works as the general body of the Gram Panchayat. The members of the gram panchayat are elected directly by the people. The gram panchayat is headed by an elected President and Vice President, assisted by a Secretary who serves as the administrative head of the panchayat. The president of a gram panchayat is known as a "Pradhan" or "Sarpanch" in Northern India. There are about 250,000 gram panchayats present in India.[2][3]
Established in various states of India, the Panchayat Raj system has three tiers: Zila Parishad, at the district level; Panchayat Samiti, at the block level; and Gram Panchayat, at the village level. Rajasthan was the first state to establish Gram Panchayat, Bagdari Village (Nagaur District) being the first village where Gram Panchayat was established, on 2 October 1959.[4]
In 1992, the institution of Gram Panchayat was modified in order to deepen democracy. The 73rd Amendment to the Constitution re-introduced panchayats as the institutions of local self-governance, with a basic structure for operations at three administrative levels; villages, groups of villages and districts.[5]
The Gram Panchayat is divided into wards and each ward is represented by a Ward Member or Commissioner, also referred to as a Panch or Panchayat Member, who is directly elected by the villagers.[7] The Panchayat is chaired by the president of the village, known as a Sarpanch.[8] The term of the elected representatives is five years. The Secretary of the Panchayat is a non-elected representative, appointed by the state government, to oversee Panchayat activities.[9]
Gram Panchayat elections in India occur every five years. The village is divided into wards, and people in each ward vote for their representative. These elected members, along with the president (sarpanch) and vice president, form the Gram Panchayat. The president (sarpanch) and vice president (upa-sarpanch) in a gram Panchayat are elected from among the elected ward members. the term of office for elected members in a Gram Panchayat, including the Sarpanch and Upa-Sarpanch, is typically five years. All people over the age of 18 who are residents of the territory of that village's Gram panchayat can vote.[11][12]
For women's empowerment and to encourage participation of women in the democratic process, the government of India has set some restrictions on Gram panchayat elections, reserving one-third of the seats for women, as well as reserving seats for scheduled castes and tribes.[12]
Functionsedit
Administrative functions
Public work and welfare functions, such as maintenance, repair and construction of roads, drains, bridges, and wells.
^"The Constitution (Seventy-third Amendment) Act, 1992". Government of India – Ministry of Law and Justice – Legislative Department. 21 March 2018. from the original on 5 October 2020. Retrieved 4 December 2020.
^Chaturvedi, Mahesh Chandra (2012). India's waters. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. p. 74. ISBN978-1439872833. Retrieved 14 July 2015.
^"Ground Rules". Scroll.in. from the original on 15 June 2021. Retrieved 4 December 2020.
^"Panchayati Raj – History". www.rajpanchayat.rajasthan.gov.in. from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
^Sapra, Ipsita (February 2013). "Living in the villages". Rural Democracy. D+C Development and Cooperation. from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 24 April 2015.
^Benoy Banerjee; Irfaan Khan; Rajeev Kumar; et al. (2006). "Chapter Eight: Local Governments". India Constitution at Work: Textbook in Political Science for Class XI. National Council of Educational Research and Training. ISBN81-7450-550-4. from the original on 1 December 2020. Retrieved 29 August 2020.
^Seetharam, Mukkavilli (1 January 1990). Citizen Participation in Rural Development. Mittal Publications. p. 34. ISBN9788170992271.
^"Rajasthan Sarpanch Salary 2021 – What is the Salary Of Sarpanch". Exam Craze. 30 January 2021. from the original on 3 December 2021. Retrieved 3 December 2021.
^"The Andhra Pradesh Panchayat Raj Act, 1994" (PDF). Lawsofindia.org. 2002. Section 6.(3). (PDF) from the original on 13 July 2017. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
^"What is Gram Sabha". Vikaspedia. from the original on 2 February 2021. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
^ abcde"Panchayati Raj System in India | Definition, Examples, Diagrams". www.toppr.com. Retrieved 4 December 2020.
Subramaniam Vincent (28 February 2002). "Ugly duckling to swan". India Together.
"Indian local governments" (Harvard University) 26 January 2016 at the Wayback Machine
May 12, 2024
gram, panchayat, other, uses, panchayat, disambiguation, gram, panchayat, transl, village, council, basic, governing, institution, indian, villages, political, institution, acting, cabinet, village, group, villages, gram, sabha, works, general, body, gram, pan. For other uses see Panchayat disambiguation Gram Panchayat transl village council is a basic governing institution in Indian villages It is a political institution acting as the cabinet of a village or group of villages The Gram Sabha works as the general body of the Gram Panchayat The members of the gram panchayat are elected directly by the people The gram panchayat is headed by an elected President and Vice President assisted by a Secretary who serves as the administrative head of the panchayat The president of a gram panchayat is known as a Pradhan or Sarpanch in Northern India There are about 250 000 gram panchayats present in India 2 3 Grama panchayat ग र म प च यतPolity typeLocal governmentPart ofPanchayati Raj System Zilla Parishad Panchayat Samiti Formation2 October 1959Legislative branchNameGram sabha 1 Executive branchSupreme leaderTitlePresident Pradhan Sarpanch CabinetAppointerBlock Development OfficerJudicial branchCourtsNyaya Panchayat Contents 1 History 2 Structure 2 1 Meetings 3 Election 4 Functions 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksHistory editEstablished in various states of India the Panchayat Raj system has three tiers Zila Parishad at the district level Panchayat Samiti at the block level and Gram Panchayat at the village level Rajasthan was the first state to establish Gram Panchayat Bagdari Village Nagaur District being the first village where Gram Panchayat was established on 2 October 1959 4 In 1992 the institution of Gram Panchayat was modified in order to deepen democracy The 73rd Amendment to the Constitution re introduced panchayats as the institutions of local self governance with a basic structure for operations at three administrative levels villages groups of villages and districts 5 Structure editGram Panchayats are at the lowest level of Panchayat Raj institutions PRIs whose legal authority is the 73rd Constitutional Amendment of 1992 which is concerned with rural local governments 6 Panchayat at District or apex Level Panchayat at Intermediate Level Panchayat at Base Level The Gram Panchayat is divided into wards and each ward is represented by a Ward Member or Commissioner also referred to as a Panch or Panchayat Member who is directly elected by the villagers 7 The Panchayat is chaired by the president of the village known as a Sarpanch 8 The term of the elected representatives is five years The Secretary of the Panchayat is a non elected representative appointed by the state government to oversee Panchayat activities 9 Structure Republic of India StatesUnion Territories Divisions Districts Blocks Tehsils Talukas Municipal Corporations Nagar Nigam Maha Nagar Palika Municipalities Nagar Palika City Councils Nagar Panchayat Villages Gram Panchayat Gram Sabha Wards Meetings edit According to Section 6 3 of the Andhra Pradesh Panchayat Raj Act of 1994 that state s gram sabha has to conduct a meeting at least twice a year 10 Election editGram Panchayat elections in India occur every five years The village is divided into wards and people in each ward vote for their representative These elected members along with the president sarpanch and vice president form the Gram Panchayat The president sarpanch and vice president upa sarpanch in a gram Panchayat are elected from among the elected ward members the term of office for elected members in a Gram Panchayat including the Sarpanch and Upa Sarpanch is typically five years All people over the age of 18 who are residents of the territory of that village s Gram panchayat can vote 11 12 For women s empowerment and to encourage participation of women in the democratic process the government of India has set some restrictions on Gram panchayat elections reserving one third of the seats for women as well as reserving seats for scheduled castes and tribes 12 Functions editAdministrative functions Public work and welfare functions such as maintenance repair and construction of roads drains bridges and wells Install and maintain street lamps 12 Provide primary education Social and Economic functions not obligatory Construct libraries marriage halls etc Establish and run fair price shops and cooperative credit societies Establish gardens ponds and orchards 12 Judicial functions Nyaya Panchayat the state judicial service decides jurisdiction Ensure quick and inexpensive justice Can impose fines up to 100 Not represented by lawyers 12 See also editBinodpur Gram Panchayat Caste panchayat Khap Lambardar ZaildarReferences edit The Constitution Seventy third Amendment Act 1992 Government of India Ministry of Law and Justice Legislative Department 21 March 2018 Archived from the original on 5 October 2020 Retrieved 4 December 2020 Chaturvedi Mahesh Chandra 2012 India s waters Boca Raton Florida CRC Press p 74 ISBN 978 1439872833 Retrieved 14 July 2015 Ground Rules Scroll in Archived from the original on 15 June 2021 Retrieved 4 December 2020 Panchayati Raj History www rajpanchayat rajasthan gov in Archived from the original on 24 November 2020 Retrieved 1 December 2020 Sapra Ipsita February 2013 Living in the villages Rural Democracy D C Development and Cooperation Archived from the original on 4 March 2016 Retrieved 24 April 2015 Benoy Banerjee Irfaan Khan Rajeev Kumar et al 2006 Chapter Eight Local Governments India Constitution at Work Textbook in Political Science for Class XI National Council of Educational Research and Training ISBN 81 7450 550 4 Archived from the original on 1 December 2020 Retrieved 29 August 2020 Seetharam Mukkavilli 1 January 1990 Citizen Participation in Rural Development Mittal Publications p 34 ISBN 9788170992271 Rajasthan Sarpanch Salary 2021 What is the Salary Of Sarpanch Exam Craze 30 January 2021 Archived from the original on 3 December 2021 Retrieved 3 December 2021 Social Science Vk Publications p 117 ISBN 9788179732144 permanent dead link The Andhra Pradesh Panchayat Raj Act 1994 PDF Lawsofindia org 2002 Section 6 3 Archived PDF from the original on 13 July 2017 Retrieved 30 September 2015 What is Gram Sabha Vikaspedia Archived from the original on 2 February 2021 Retrieved 28 February 2022 a b c d e Panchayati Raj System in India Definition Examples Diagrams www toppr com Retrieved 4 December 2020 External links editwebsite of Ministry of Panchayati Raj Government of India Subramaniam Vincent 28 February 2002 Ugly duckling to swan India Together Indian local governments Harvard University Archived 26 January 2016 at the Wayback Machine Indian local governments National Backward Krishi Vidyapeeth Solapur in India Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Gram panchayat amp oldid 1219900635, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
