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Isabel Grenfell Quallo

January 06, 2023

Isabel Grenfell Quallo (4 April 1893 – 21 September 1985) was a Congolese-born British-American domestic worker and community activist known for her involvement in the development of Druid Heights, in Marin County, California. Born in the Congo Free State, she was educated in England and then moved with her mother to Kingston, Jamaica. Marrying at 16, she immigrated with her husband to New York City in 1914. Struggling with racism and her husband's mental illness, she supported her children by working as a domestic and waitress. Through contacts in the theater district, she made the acquaintance of writer Elsa Gidlow, becoming her partner for more than ten years. While living in California, the women worked with builder and jazz musician Roger Somers, and his wife Mary, to create the bohemian community, which would attract many of those involved in the countercultural movements, active in the United States between 1950 and 1970.

Isabel Grenfell Quallo
Quallo, circa 1940
Born
Grace Isabel Grenfell

(1893-04-04)4 April 1893
Léopoldville, Congo Free State
Died21 September 1985(1985-09-21) (aged 92)
New York City, New York
NationalityBritish
American
Other namesGrace Quallo
Occupation(s)domestic, waitress, community activist
PartnerElsa Gidlow
Children8
Parent

Early life

Grace Isabel Grenfell was born on 4 April 1893 in Léopoldville[Notes 1] in the Congo Free State to Patience Rosanna Edgerley and George Grenfell.[1][2][5] Grenfell's father was a missionary and explorer, who mapped the territory of the Congo Basin, including Mount Cameroon and the Lungasi, Mungo, Sanga Yabiang, and Wouri Rivers, opening it up to mission work.[6] After his first wife died, Grenfell began an affair with his housekeeper, Patience, who he soon married.[7] Her mother, was the daughter of Jamaican missionaries who had come to West Africa to establish a Baptist mission in 1843. She was born in Fernando Po, Equatorial Guinea.[1] After her marriage in Victoria, Cameroon, Patience had eight children with Grenfell.[1][5] "Isabel", as she was known, was the youngest daughter of the four sisters who survived.[1] She began her education in Bolobo in 1898,[3] but by 1903 had joined her older sisters Carrie and Gertrude, who were attending school at Walthamstow Hall in Sevenoaks, Kent.[1][8] Her teacher at Walthamstow, was Emily Mary Watts, mother of the writer Alan Watts.[9] Their older sister Patience had already graduated and returned to the Congo in 1897, but died two years later.[1]

George Grenfell died on 1 July 1906 in Basoko in the Congo Free State and the family lived briefly in Cornwall near George's family, until it was suggested that they relocate.[10][11] In 1908, his widow moved to Kingston, Jamaica with Isabel. Both Carrie and Gertrude followed the family and joined them later in Jamaica.[1] On 15 August 1909, Isabel married Arthur Hubert Quallo, in Saint Catherine Parish, Jamaica.[12] Her husband was of African, Jewish, and Spanish descent and operated a hotel.[12][13] The couple had two daughters, Yolanda (born 1910) and Patience (born 1911) and a set of twin daughters (born 1912) before moving to New York City, in 1914.[2][14] Four more children followed in New York: Grace Olivia (1915–1917), George (1917), Phyllis (1919), and Arthur (1922).[2][15] The marriage was not a happy one for Quallo, and by 1928, her husband was confined in the Dannemora State Hospital, suffering from mental illness.[2][11][16][17]

Career

Quallo's education, focused on preparation to become a wife, needlework, and dancing, had not given her the skills to support her children adequately. Her husband had spent largely and left no savings. Needing to provide for her large family, she took a position as a domestic worker in the home of a clergyman. She eventually left the job for a better-paying position as a waitress in the theater district[18] and had a fifteen-year relationship with another woman beginning in the early 1930s.[11] Her mother died in 1928, her last living sibling died in 1930, and her husband died in 1935.[19][20][21]

In 1946, through mutual friends, Quallo was introduced to the writer, Elsa Gidlow, but because Gidlow lived in California and Quallo lived in New York, the two women's relationship began by correspondence.[22][23] Quallo wrote the first letter and explained in her correspondences, her background, her difficult adjustment to life in the United States because of the prevalent segregation policies, and her relationships.[24][25] Gidlow soon invited Quallo to come visit and by the middle of 1947, Quallo had come to California, unsure of how long her stay would be.[23][26] She was concerned about difficulties that might arise because of their association[26] and expressed them to Gidlow saying, "A woman who discovers she is a lesbian and is a visible member of a minority has three strikes against her".[27] Gidlow assured Quallo that her community was open-minded and there would not be problems.[28] Their friendship quickly turned into a romance, which would last for the next ten years.[29]

Quallo moved in to Gidlow's home in Fairfax, Marin County, California.[30] She joined in intellectual evenings hosted there with students and faculty from the American Academy of Asian Studies.[31] The couple came under scrutiny of the California Senate Factfinding Subcommittee on Un-American Activities for their interracial association, as well as their contacts with Chinese friends.[32][33] When Gidlow's mother, Alice May, suffered a stroke and needed permanent care, Quallo agreed to assist her, as she had previously worked as a nurse's aid. They moved Alice in to their home and installed her in a downstairs room fitted with a hospital bed.[34] Quallo provided the constant care Alice needed for the last 9 months of her life, while Gidlow worked as a journalist to provide their support.[35]

In 1954, hoping to escape from the increasing urbanization of Fairfax, Gidlow bought a 5-acre property in rural Marin County near Muir Woods.[36][37] Gidlow wanted to create a community for her varied friends and felt that the atmosphere in Fairfax had shifted.[36] The property had been found by Roger Somers and his wife Mary, but they did not have the funds to make the purchase.[38] Despite the inability of single women to obtain credit at the time, Gidlow was able to borrow funds, after her friend Dorothy Erskine collateralized the loan.[38] The two couples shared the property, naming it Druid Heights, and moved in shortly before the summer solstice.[37][39][40]

The group renovated the two houses on the property, converted the barns, and piped water for the buildings and gardens.[41] For the first few years, Quallo helped develop the property, which had become a mecca for counter-cultural figures and feminists,[40][42] but in 1957, she returned to Manhattan to care for two of her daughters who were having health issues.[43]

Death and legacy

Quallo died on 21 September 1985 in New York City.[1][44] The letters she wrote to Gidlow are maintained in the archives of the GLBT Historical Society in San Francisco.[11]

Notes

  1. ^ Some sources report that Grenfell was born in 1896 and her place of birth is variously listed as Bolobo[1] or Penzance, Cornwall, England.[2] A letter written by her father to her sister Carrie in 1898, advising that "Grace" was attending school and learning her letters, indicate 1893 is the more likely birth year.[3] According to the 1901 census, her parents, who were the most likely people to know where the birth occurred, gave Grenfell's place of birth as Léopoldville.[4]

References

Citations

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Stanley 1998, p. 160.
  2. ^ a b c d e Petition for Naturalization 1928.
  3. ^ a b Hawker 1909, p. 481.
  4. ^ UK Census 1901.
  5. ^ a b Hawker 1909, p. 109.
  6. ^ Stanley 1997, p. 120-121.
  7. ^ Stanley 1997, p. 121.
  8. ^ Hawker 1909, p. 486.
  9. ^ Watts 1972, p. 281.
  10. ^ Hawker 1909, p. 574.
  11. ^ a b c d Meeker 2000, p. 67.
  12. ^ a b Civil Registration 1909.
  13. ^ Gidlow 1986, p. 319.
  14. ^ Civil Registration 1912.
  15. ^ Municipal Deaths 1917.
  16. ^ Gidlow 1986, p. 321.
  17. ^ US Census 1930, p. 6A.
  18. ^ Gidlow 1986, p. 322.
  19. ^ The Gleaner 1928, p. 6.
  20. ^ The Gleaner 1930, p. 12.
  21. ^ Municipal Deaths 1935.
  22. ^ Meeker 2000, pp. 66–67.
  23. ^ a b Gidlow 1986, p. 318.
  24. ^ Gidlow 1986, pp. 319, 322–323.
  25. ^ Meeker 2000, pp. 67–68.
  26. ^ a b Meeker 2000, p. 69.
  27. ^ Gidlow 1986, p. 323.
  28. ^ Meeker 2000, p. 68.
  29. ^ Gidlow 1986, pp. 326, 330.
  30. ^ Meeker 2000, p. 123.
  31. ^ Gidlow 1986, p. 328.
  32. ^ Gidlow 1986, pp. 324–325.
  33. ^ Tenney 1948, p. 5.
  34. ^ Gidlow 1986, pp. 334–335.
  35. ^ Gidlow 1986, p. 336.
  36. ^ a b Gidlow 1986, p. 342.
  37. ^ a b Cameron 1987, p. 21.
  38. ^ a b Gidlow 1986, p. 344.
  39. ^ Gidlow 1986, p. 348.
  40. ^ a b Davis 2005.
  41. ^ Gidlow 1986, p. 351.
  42. ^ The Bay Area Reporter 1986, p. 16.
  43. ^ Gidlow 1986, p. 383.
  44. ^ Death Index 1985.

Bibliography

  • Cameron, Kit (January 1987). "Review—Elsa: Pioneer Lesbian's Odyssey". The Noe Valley Voice. San Francisco, California. X (10): 21. Retrieved 29 June 2020.
  • Davis, Erik (May 2005). . Arthur Magazine. Gaithersburg, Maryland: Utne Publishing (16). OCLC 590378819. Archived from the original on 9 February 2019. Retrieved 30 June 2020.
  • Gidlow, Elsa (1986). Elsa, I Come with My Songs. San Francisco, California: Booklegger Press. ISBN 0-912932-12-0.
  • Hawker, George (1909). The Life of George Grenfell, Congo Missionary and Explorer (2nd ed.). London: The Religious Tract Society. OCLC 1063070477.
  • Meeker, Martin Dennis Jr. (December 2000). Come Out West: Communication and the Gay and Lesbian Migration to San Francisco, 1940s–1960s, Volume 1 (PhD). Los Angeles, California: University of Southern California – via ProQuest, UMI Microform #3041497.
  • Stanley, Brian (April 1998). "Reader's Response" (PDF). International Bulletin of Missionary Research. New Haven, Connecticut: Overseas Ministries Study Center. 22 (2): 160. doi:10.1177/239693939802200406. ISSN 0272-6122. S2CID 220498205. (PDF) from the original on 10 August 2017. Retrieved 29 June 2020.
  • Stanley, Brian (July 1997). "The Legacy of George Grenfell" (PDF). International Bulletin of Missionary Research. New Haven, Connecticut: Overseas Ministries Study Center. 21 (3): 120–123. doi:10.1177/239693939702100306. ISSN 0272-6122. S2CID 142737254. (PDF) from the original on 29 June 2020. Retrieved 29 June 2020.
  • Tenney, Jack B. (chairman) (1948). "Fairfax Investigation and Hearing". Journal of the Senate, Legislature of the State of California. Fourth Report of the Senate Fact-Finding Committee on Un-American Activities: Communist Front Organizations. Sacramento, California: California State Printing Office. pp. 4–6. OCLC 6622752.
  • Watts, Alan (1972). In My Own Way: An Autobiography, 1915–1965. New York, New York: Pantheon Books. ISBN 0-394-46911-9.
  • "1901 England and Wales Census, Aston, Warwickshire, England". FamilySearch. Kew, Surrey: The National Archives. 31 March 1901. page 22 living in the household of Elizabeth Hawkes as a visitor with her parents. Retrieved 29 June 2020.
  • "1930 U. S. Census, Dannemora State Hospital, Clinton County, New York". FamilySearch. Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration. 16 April 1930. p. 6A. NARA film series T626, roll 1416, line 15. Retrieved 29 June 2020.
  • "Death of Miss Caroline Grenfell". The Gleaner. Kingston, Jamaica. 15 July 1930. p. 12. Retrieved 29 June 2020 – via Newspaperarchive.com.
  • "Jamaica, Civil Registration, Births, Saint Andrew, Jamaica". FamilySearch. Spanish Town, Jamaica: Registrar General's Department. 13 August 1912. images 1913–1914, certificates #7463 and 7464. Retrieved 29 June 2020.
  • "Jamaica, Civil Registration, Marriages, Saint Catherine, Jamaica". FamilySearch. Spanish Town, Jamaica: Registrar General's Department. 15 August 1909. certificate #112. Retrieved 29 June 2020.
  • "New York City Municipal Deaths: Arthur Hubert Quallo". FamilySearch. New York City, New York: New York Municipal Archives. 9 April 1935. certificate #8404. Retrieved 29 June 2020.
  • "New York City Municipal Deaths: Grace Olivia Quallo". FamilySearch. New York City, New York: New York Municipal Archives. 25 October 1917. certificate #7016. Retrieved 29 June 2020.
  • "Social Security Death Index: Isabel Quallo". FamilySearch. Alexandria, Virginia: U.S. Social Security Administration. September 1985. Retrieved 30 June 2020.
  • "Southern District of New York Petitions for Naturalization: Grace Isabel Grenfell Quallo". FamilySearch. New York City, New York: National Archives and Records Administration. 9 November 1928. vol. 454, cert. #145373, NARA microfilm publication M1972, Roll 624. Retrieved 29 June 2020.
  • "Tribute Paid to Poet Elsa Gidlow". The Bay Area Reporter. San Francisco, California. 19 June 1986. p. 16. Retrieved 29 June 2020.
  • "Widow of Famous Explorer Was Buried Yesterday". The Gleaner. Kingston, Jamaica. 26 October 1928. p. 6. Retrieved 29 June 2020 – via Newspaperarchive.com.

January 06, 2023
isabel, grenfell, quallo, april, 1893, september, 1985, congolese, born, british, american, domestic, worker, community, activist, known, involvement, development, druid, heights, marin, county, california, born, congo, free, state, educated, england, then, mo. Isabel Grenfell Quallo 4 April 1893 21 September 1985 was a Congolese born British American domestic worker and community activist known for her involvement in the development of Druid Heights in Marin County California Born in the Congo Free State she was educated in England and then moved with her mother to Kingston Jamaica Marrying at 16 she immigrated with her husband to New York City in 1914 Struggling with racism and her husband s mental illness she supported her children by working as a domestic and waitress Through contacts in the theater district she made the acquaintance of writer Elsa Gidlow becoming her partner for more than ten years While living in California the women worked with builder and jazz musician Roger Somers and his wife Mary to create the bohemian community which would attract many of those involved in the countercultural movements active in the United States between 1950 and 1970 Isabel Grenfell QualloQuallo circa 1940BornGrace Isabel Grenfell 1893 04 04 4 April 1893Leopoldville Congo Free StateDied21 September 1985 1985 09 21 aged 92 New York City New YorkNationalityBritish AmericanOther namesGrace QualloOccupation s domestic waitress community activistPartnerElsa GidlowChildren8ParentGeorge Grenfell father Contents 1 Early life 2 Career 3 Death and legacy 4 Notes 5 References 5 1 Citations 5 2 BibliographyEarly life EditGrace Isabel Grenfell was born on 4 April 1893 in Leopoldville Notes 1 in the Congo Free State to Patience Rosanna Edgerley and George Grenfell 1 2 5 Grenfell s father was a missionary and explorer who mapped the territory of the Congo Basin including Mount Cameroon and the Lungasi Mungo Sanga Yabiang and Wouri Rivers opening it up to mission work 6 After his first wife died Grenfell began an affair with his housekeeper Patience who he soon married 7 Her mother was the daughter of Jamaican missionaries who had come to West Africa to establish a Baptist mission in 1843 She was born in Fernando Po Equatorial Guinea 1 After her marriage in Victoria Cameroon Patience had eight children with Grenfell 1 5 Isabel as she was known was the youngest daughter of the four sisters who survived 1 She began her education in Bolobo in 1898 3 but by 1903 had joined her older sisters Carrie and Gertrude who were attending school at Walthamstow Hall in Sevenoaks Kent 1 8 Her teacher at Walthamstow was Emily Mary Watts mother of the writer Alan Watts 9 Their older sister Patience had already graduated and returned to the Congo in 1897 but died two years later 1 George Grenfell died on 1 July 1906 in Basoko in the Congo Free State and the family lived briefly in Cornwall near George s family until it was suggested that they relocate 10 11 In 1908 his widow moved to Kingston Jamaica with Isabel Both Carrie and Gertrude followed the family and joined them later in Jamaica 1 On 15 August 1909 Isabel married Arthur Hubert Quallo in Saint Catherine Parish Jamaica 12 Her husband was of African Jewish and Spanish descent and operated a hotel 12 13 The couple had two daughters Yolanda born 1910 and Patience born 1911 and a set of twin daughters born 1912 before moving to New York City in 1914 2 14 Four more children followed in New York Grace Olivia 1915 1917 George 1917 Phyllis 1919 and Arthur 1922 2 15 The marriage was not a happy one for Quallo and by 1928 her husband was confined in the Dannemora State Hospital suffering from mental illness 2 11 16 17 Career EditQuallo s education focused on preparation to become a wife needlework and dancing had not given her the skills to support her children adequately Her husband had spent largely and left no savings Needing to provide for her large family she took a position as a domestic worker in the home of a clergyman She eventually left the job for a better paying position as a waitress in the theater district 18 and had a fifteen year relationship with another woman beginning in the early 1930s 11 Her mother died in 1928 her last living sibling died in 1930 and her husband died in 1935 19 20 21 In 1946 through mutual friends Quallo was introduced to the writer Elsa Gidlow but because Gidlow lived in California and Quallo lived in New York the two women s relationship began by correspondence 22 23 Quallo wrote the first letter and explained in her correspondences her background her difficult adjustment to life in the United States because of the prevalent segregation policies and her relationships 24 25 Gidlow soon invited Quallo to come visit and by the middle of 1947 Quallo had come to California unsure of how long her stay would be 23 26 She was concerned about difficulties that might arise because of their association 26 and expressed them to Gidlow saying A woman who discovers she is a lesbian and is a visible member of a minority has three strikes against her 27 Gidlow assured Quallo that her community was open minded and there would not be problems 28 Their friendship quickly turned into a romance which would last for the next ten years 29 Quallo moved in to Gidlow s home in Fairfax Marin County California 30 She joined in intellectual evenings hosted there with students and faculty from the American Academy of Asian Studies 31 The couple came under scrutiny of the California Senate Factfinding Subcommittee on Un American Activities for their interracial association as well as their contacts with Chinese friends 32 33 When Gidlow s mother Alice May suffered a stroke and needed permanent care Quallo agreed to assist her as she had previously worked as a nurse s aid They moved Alice in to their home and installed her in a downstairs room fitted with a hospital bed 34 Quallo provided the constant care Alice needed for the last 9 months of her life while Gidlow worked as a journalist to provide their support 35 In 1954 hoping to escape from the increasing urbanization of Fairfax Gidlow bought a 5 acre property in rural Marin County near Muir Woods 36 37 Gidlow wanted to create a community for her varied friends and felt that the atmosphere in Fairfax had shifted 36 The property had been found by Roger Somers and his wife Mary but they did not have the funds to make the purchase 38 Despite the inability of single women to obtain credit at the time Gidlow was able to borrow funds after her friend Dorothy Erskine collateralized the loan 38 The two couples shared the property naming it Druid Heights and moved in shortly before the summer solstice 37 39 40 The group renovated the two houses on the property converted the barns and piped water for the buildings and gardens 41 For the first few years Quallo helped develop the property which had become a mecca for counter cultural figures and feminists 40 42 but in 1957 she returned to Manhattan to care for two of her daughters who were having health issues 43 Death and legacy EditQuallo died on 21 September 1985 in New York City 1 44 The letters she wrote to Gidlow are maintained in the archives of the GLBT Historical Society in San Francisco 11 Notes Edit Some sources report that Grenfell was born in 1896 and her place of birth is variously listed as Bolobo 1 or Penzance Cornwall England 2 A letter written by her father to her sister Carrie in 1898 advising that Grace was attending school and learning her letters indicate 1893 is the more likely birth year 3 According to the 1901 census her parents who were the most likely people to know where the birth occurred gave Grenfell s place of birth as Leopoldville 4 References EditCitations Edit a b c d e f g h i Stanley 1998 p 160 a b c d e Petition for Naturalization 1928 a b Hawker 1909 p 481 UK Census 1901 a b Hawker 1909 p 109 Stanley 1997 p 120 121 Stanley 1997 p 121 Hawker 1909 p 486 Watts 1972 p 281 Hawker 1909 p 574 a b c d Meeker 2000 p 67 a b Civil Registration 1909 Gidlow 1986 p 319 Civil Registration 1912 Municipal Deaths 1917 Gidlow 1986 p 321 US Census 1930 p 6A Gidlow 1986 p 322 The Gleaner 1928 p 6 The Gleaner 1930 p 12 Municipal Deaths 1935 Meeker 2000 pp 66 67 a b Gidlow 1986 p 318 Gidlow 1986 pp 319 322 323 Meeker 2000 pp 67 68 a b Meeker 2000 p 69 Gidlow 1986 p 323 Meeker 2000 p 68 Gidlow 1986 pp 326 330 Meeker 2000 p 123 Gidlow 1986 p 328 Gidlow 1986 pp 324 325 Tenney 1948 p 5 Gidlow 1986 pp 334 335 Gidlow 1986 p 336 a b Gidlow 1986 p 342 a b Cameron 1987 p 21 a b Gidlow 1986 p 344 Gidlow 1986 p 348 a b Davis 2005 Gidlow 1986 p 351 The Bay Area Reporter 1986 p 16 Gidlow 1986 p 383 Death Index 1985 Bibliography Edit Cameron Kit January 1987 Review Elsa Pioneer Lesbian s Odyssey The Noe Valley Voice San Francisco California X 10 21 Retrieved 29 June 2020 Davis Erik May 2005 Druids and Ferries Zen Drugs and Hot Tubs Arthur Magazine Gaithersburg Maryland Utne Publishing 16 OCLC 590378819 Archived from the original on 9 February 2019 Retrieved 30 June 2020 Gidlow Elsa 1986 Elsa I Come with My Songs San Francisco California Booklegger Press ISBN 0 912932 12 0 Hawker George 1909 The Life of George Grenfell Congo Missionary and Explorer 2nd ed London The Religious Tract Society OCLC 1063070477 Meeker Martin Dennis Jr December 2000 Come Out West Communication and the Gay and Lesbian Migration to San Francisco 1940s 1960s Volume 1 PhD Los Angeles California University of Southern California via ProQuest UMI Microform 3041497 Stanley Brian April 1998 Reader s Response PDF International Bulletin of Missionary Research New Haven Connecticut Overseas Ministries Study Center 22 2 160 doi 10 1177 239693939802200406 ISSN 0272 6122 S2CID 220498205 Archived PDF from the original on 10 August 2017 Retrieved 29 June 2020 Stanley Brian July 1997 The Legacy of George Grenfell PDF International Bulletin of Missionary Research New Haven Connecticut Overseas Ministries Study Center 21 3 120 123 doi 10 1177 239693939702100306 ISSN 0272 6122 S2CID 142737254 Archived PDF from the original on 29 June 2020 Retrieved 29 June 2020 Tenney Jack B chairman 1948 Fairfax Investigation and Hearing Journal of the Senate Legislature of the State of California Fourth Report of the Senate Fact Finding Committee on Un American Activities Communist Front Organizations Sacramento California California State Printing Office pp 4 6 OCLC 6622752 Watts Alan 1972 In My Own Way An Autobiography 1915 1965 New York New York Pantheon Books ISBN 0 394 46911 9 1901 England and Wales Census Aston Warwickshire England FamilySearch Kew Surrey The National Archives 31 March 1901 page 22 living in the household of Elizabeth Hawkes as a visitor with her parents Retrieved 29 June 2020 1930 U S Census Dannemora State Hospital Clinton County New York FamilySearch Washington D C National Archives and Records Administration 16 April 1930 p 6A NARA film series T626 roll 1416 line 15 Retrieved 29 June 2020 Death of Miss Caroline Grenfell The Gleaner Kingston Jamaica 15 July 1930 p 12 Retrieved 29 June 2020 via Newspaperarchive com Jamaica Civil Registration Births Saint Andrew Jamaica FamilySearch Spanish Town Jamaica Registrar General s Department 13 August 1912 images 1913 1914 certificates 7463 and 7464 Retrieved 29 June 2020 Jamaica Civil Registration Marriages Saint Catherine Jamaica FamilySearch Spanish Town Jamaica Registrar General s Department 15 August 1909 certificate 112 Retrieved 29 June 2020 New York City Municipal Deaths Arthur Hubert Quallo FamilySearch New York City New York New York Municipal Archives 9 April 1935 certificate 8404 Retrieved 29 June 2020 New York City Municipal Deaths Grace Olivia Quallo FamilySearch New York City New York New York Municipal Archives 25 October 1917 certificate 7016 Retrieved 29 June 2020 Social Security Death Index Isabel Quallo FamilySearch Alexandria Virginia U S Social Security Administration September 1985 Retrieved 30 June 2020 Southern District of New York Petitions for Naturalization Grace Isabel Grenfell Quallo FamilySearch New York City New York National Archives and Records Administration 9 November 1928 vol 454 cert 145373 NARA microfilm publication M1972 Roll 624 Retrieved 29 June 2020 Tribute Paid to Poet Elsa Gidlow The Bay Area Reporter San Francisco California 19 June 1986 p 16 Retrieved 29 June 2020 Widow of Famous Explorer Was Buried Yesterday The Gleaner Kingston Jamaica 26 October 1928 p 6 Retrieved 29 June 2020 via Newspaperarchive com Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Isabel Grenfell Quallo amp oldid 1130685957, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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