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Gonars concentration camp

May 04, 2023

The Gonars concentration camp was one of the several Italian concentration camps and it was established on February 23, 1942, near Gonars, Italy.

Gonars
Italian concentration camp
Monument for Slovene victims
LocationGonars, Kingdom of Italy
Operated by Italian Ministry of the Interior
CommandantLieutenant Colonel Eugenio Vicedomini, Cesare Marioni, Ignazio Fragapane, Gustavo De Dominicis, Arturo Macchi[1]
Operational23 February 1942 – 8 September 1943
InmatesMostly ethnic Slovene and Croat civilians
Number of inmates10,000[2] (1943)
Killed500+

Many internees were transferred to this camp from the other Italian concentration camp, Rab concentration camp, which served as equivalent of final solution in Mario Roatta's ethnic cleansing policy against ethnic Slovenes from the Italian-occupied Province of Ljubljana and Croats from Gorski Kotar, in accord with the racist 1920s speech by Benito Mussolini, along with other Italian war crimes committed on the Italian-occupied territories of Yugoslavia:

When dealing with such a race as Slavic – inferior and barbarian – we must not pursue the carrot, but the stick policy.... We should not be afraid of new victims.... The Italian border should run across the Brenner Pass, Monte Nevoso and the Dinaric Alps.... I would say we can easily sacrifice 500,000 barbaric Slavs for 50,000 Italians....

— Benito Mussolini, speech held in Pula, 22 February 1922[3][4][5]

The first transport of 5,343 internees (1,643 of whom were children) arrived two days after its establishment, on February 23, 1942, from the Province of Ljubljana and from the other two Italian concentration camps, the Rab camp and the camp in Monigo (near Treviso).

The camp was disbanded on September 8, 1943, immediately after the Italian armistice.

Only in 1973 a sacrarium was created by sculptor Miodrag Živković at the town's cemetery. Remains of 453 Slovenian and Croatian victims were transferred into its two underground crypts. It is believed that at least 50 additional persons died in the camp due to starvation and torture.

Notable inmates

Slovenes

Sources

  • Alessandra Kersevan (2008): Lager italiani. Pulizia etnica e campi di concentramento fascisti per civili jugoslavi 1941–1943. Editore Nutrimenti,
  • Alessandra Kersevan (2003): Un campo di concentramento fascista. Gonars 1942–1943., Kappa Vu Edizioni, Udine.
  • Nadja Pahor Verri (1996): Oltre il filo : storia del campo di internamento di Gonars, 1941–1943, Arti Grafiche Friulane, Udine.
  • Luca Baldissara, Paolo Pezzino (2004): Crimini e memorie di guerra: violenze contro le popolazioni e politiche del ricordo, L'Ancora del Mediterraneo. ISBN 978-88-8325-135-1

Further reading

  • Bregar, Ana (2013): Comparing situation at the Gonars Concentration Camp and the Rab Concentration Camp (In Slovene: "Primerjava taboriščnih razmer na Rabu in v Gonarsu"), Diploma thesis, Faculty of Arts, Department of history, University of Ljubljana.
  • Megla, Maja (2012): Dr. Peter Starič, inženir elektronike, o svoji novi knjigi, ki izide septembra v angleškem jeziku, Delo.
  • Mihajlovič, Nataša (2012): Comparing the Gonars Concentration Camp and the Mauthausen Concentration Camp (In Slovene: "Primerjava koncentracijskih taborišč Gonars in Mauthausen"), Diploma thesis, Faculty of Arts, Department of history, University of Ljubljana.
  • Škorjanec, Viljenka (2011): Italijanske metode pri izpustu iz koncentracijskih taborišč, Zveza zgodovinskih društev Slovenije, Ljubljana, Zgodovinski časopis, 1–2, pp 152–171

See also

References

  1. ^ "Gonars Concentration Camp". Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  2. ^ Herman Janež: Onstran žice – Gonars (2): Prihodi transportov s taborišniki (deutsch: Jenseits des Zaunes – Gonars (2): Die Ankunft der Gefangenentransporte), mehrteilige Reihe in der slowenischen Wochenzeitung Dolenjski list, Novo mesto, 9. August 2012, S. 18.
  3. ^ Pirjevec, Jože (2008). "The Strategy of the Occupiers". Resistance, Suffering, Hope: The Slovene Partisan Movement 1941–1945 (PDF). p. 27. ISBN 978-961-6681-02-5.
  4. ^ Verginella, Marta (2011). "Antislavizmo, rassizmo di frontiera?". Aut aut (in Italian). ISBN 978-88-6576-106-9.
  5. ^ Santarelli, Enzo (1979). Scritti politici: di Benito Mussolini; Introduzione e cura di Enzo Santarelli (in Italian). p. 196.

External links

  • Gonars Concentration Camp (EUROM)
  • (in Italian)
  • A website devoted to the Gonars Memorial (in Italian)
  • Aerial view of the two sub-camps (white zones on the left): camp B is the vertical stripe just north of Gonars, camp A is the square zone north-west of the town

Coordinates: 45°54′25.4″N 13°14′13.63″E / 45.907056°N 13.2371194°E / 45.907056; 13.2371194

May 04, 2023
gonars, concentration, camp, several, italian, concentration, camps, established, february, 1942, near, gonars, italy, gonarsitalian, concentration, campmonument, slovene, victimslocationgonars, kingdom, italyoperated, byitalian, ministry, interiorcommandantli. The Gonars concentration camp was one of the several Italian concentration camps and it was established on February 23 1942 near Gonars Italy GonarsItalian concentration campMonument for Slovene victimsLocationGonars Kingdom of ItalyOperated byItalian Ministry of the InteriorCommandantLieutenant Colonel Eugenio Vicedomini Cesare Marioni Ignazio Fragapane Gustavo De Dominicis Arturo Macchi 1 Operational23 February 1942 8 September 1943InmatesMostly ethnic Slovene and Croat civiliansNumber of inmates10 000 2 1943 Killed500 Many internees were transferred to this camp from the other Italian concentration camp Rab concentration camp which served as equivalent of final solution in Mario Roatta s ethnic cleansing policy against ethnic Slovenes from the Italian occupied Province of Ljubljana and Croats from Gorski Kotar in accord with the racist 1920s speech by Benito Mussolini along with other Italian war crimes committed on the Italian occupied territories of Yugoslavia When dealing with such a race as Slavic inferior and barbarian we must not pursue the carrot but the stick policy We should not be afraid of new victims The Italian border should run across the Brenner Pass Monte Nevoso and the Dinaric Alps I would say we can easily sacrifice 500 000 barbaric Slavs for 50 000 Italians Benito Mussolini speech held in Pula 22 February 1922 3 4 5 The first transport of 5 343 internees 1 643 of whom were children arrived two days after its establishment on February 23 1942 from the Province of Ljubljana and from the other two Italian concentration camps the Rab camp and the camp in Monigo near Treviso The camp was disbanded on September 8 1943 immediately after the Italian armistice Only in 1973 a sacrarium was created by sculptor Miodrag Zivkovic at the town s cemetery Remains of 453 Slovenian and Croatian victims were transferred into its two underground crypts It is believed that at least 50 additional persons died in the camp due to starvation and torture Contents 1 Notable inmates 1 1 Slovenes 2 Sources 3 Further reading 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksNotable inmates EditSlovenes Edit Viktor Antolin professor of philosophy student journalist at the time France Balantic poet France Bucar lawyer writer and statesman in post 1991 Slovenia Lojze Bukovac bearer of Commemorative Medal of the Partisans of 1941 a writer Alojz Gradnik poet Bogo Grafenauer historian Zora Konjajev pediatrician Boris Kraigher politician Vasilij Melik historian Frane Milcinski pen name Jezek a poet actor children s writer and director Odon Peterka poet Jakob Savinsek sculptor and poet Bojan Stih literary critic essayist and stage director Bogdana Stritar opera singer Nada Vidmar opera singer Nande Vidmar painter Anton Vratusa politician Ales Strojnik scientist and educator Vitomil Zupan writerSources EditAlessandra Kersevan 2008 Lager italiani Pulizia etnica e campi di concentramento fascisti per civili jugoslavi 1941 1943 Editore Nutrimenti Alessandra Kersevan 2003 Un campo di concentramento fascista Gonars 1942 1943 Kappa Vu Edizioni Udine Nadja Pahor Verri 1996 Oltre il filo storia del campo di internamento di Gonars 1941 1943 Arti Grafiche Friulane Udine Luca Baldissara Paolo Pezzino 2004 Crimini e memorie di guerra violenze contro le popolazioni e politiche del ricordo L Ancora del Mediterraneo ISBN 978 88 8325 135 1Further reading EditBregar Ana 2013 Comparing situation at the Gonars Concentration Camp and the Rab Concentration Camp In Slovene Primerjava taboriscnih razmer na Rabu in v Gonarsu Diploma thesis Faculty of Arts Department of history University of Ljubljana Megla Maja 2012 Dr Peter Staric inzenir elektronike o svoji novi knjigi ki izide septembra v angleskem jeziku Delo Mihajlovic Natasa 2012 Comparing the Gonars Concentration Camp and the Mauthausen Concentration Camp In Slovene Primerjava koncentracijskih taborisc Gonars in Mauthausen Diploma thesis Faculty of Arts Department of history University of Ljubljana Skorjanec Viljenka 2011 Italijanske metode pri izpustu iz koncentracijskih taborisc Zveza zgodovinskih drustev Slovenije Ljubljana Zgodovinski casopis 1 2 pp 152 171See also EditRab concentration camp List of Italian concentration campsPortals Italy Germany World War IIReferences Edit Gonars Concentration Camp Retrieved 21 June 2022 Herman Janez Onstran zice Gonars 2 Prihodi transportov s taborisniki deutsch Jenseits des Zaunes Gonars 2 Die Ankunft der Gefangenentransporte mehrteilige Reihe in der slowenischen Wochenzeitung Dolenjski list Novo mesto 9 August 2012 S 18 Pirjevec Joze 2008 The Strategy of the Occupiers Resistance Suffering Hope The Slovene Partisan Movement 1941 1945 PDF p 27 ISBN 978 961 6681 02 5 Verginella Marta 2011 Antislavizmo rassizmo di frontiera Aut aut in Italian ISBN 978 88 6576 106 9 Santarelli Enzo 1979 Scritti politici di Benito Mussolini Introduzione e cura di Enzo Santarelli in Italian p 196 External links EditGonars Concentration Camp EUROM An article from Romacivica net in Italian A website devoted to the Gonars Memorial in Italian Aerial view of the two sub camps white zones on the left camp B is the vertical stripe just north of Gonars camp A is the square zone north west of the townCoordinates 45 54 25 4 N 13 14 13 63 E 45 907056 N 13 2371194 E 45 907056 13 2371194 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Gonars concentration camp amp oldid 1141497753, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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