The global spread of (highly pathogenic) H5N1 in birds is considered a significant pandemic threat.
While prior H5N1 strains have been known, they were significantly different from the current H5N1 strain on a genetic level, making the global spread of this new strain unprecedented. The current H5N1 strain is a fast-mutating, highly pathogenicavian influenza virus (HPAI) found in multiple bird species. It is both epizootic (an epidemic in non-humans) and panzootic (a disease affecting animals of many species especially over a wide area). Unless otherwise indicated, "H5N1" in this article refers to the recent highly pathogenic strain of H5N1.
H5N1 caused flu outbreaks in 1959 and in 1991 but these strains were very different from the current highly pathogenic strain of H5N1. Evolution from 1999 to 2002 created the Z genotype which became the dominant strain of highly pathogenic H5N1 in 2004.
In January 2004 a major new outbreak of H5N1 surfaced in Vietnam and Thailand's poultry industry, and within weeks spread to ten countries and regions in Asia, including Indonesia, South Korea, Japan and China. In October 2004 researchers discovered H5N1 is far more dangerous than previously believed because waterfowl were directly spreading the highly pathogenic strain of H5N1 to chickens, crows, pigeons, and other birds and that it was increasing its ability to infect mammals as well. From this point on, avian influenza experts increasingly refer to containment as a strategy that can delay but not prevent a future avian flu pandemic.
"[T]he incidence of human cases peaked, in each of the three years in which cases have occurred, during the period roughly corresponding to winter and spring in the northern hemisphere. If this pattern continues, an upsurge in cases could be anticipated starting in late 2006 or early 2007." Avian influenza – epidemiology of human H5N1 cases reported to WHO
The regression curve for deaths is y = a + ek x, and is shown extended through the end of April, 2007.
A major new outbreak of H5N1 surfaced in Vietnam and Thailand's poultry industry, and within weeks spread to ten countries and regions in Asia, including Indonesia, South Korea, Japan and China. Intensive efforts were undertaken to slaughter chickens, ducks and geese (over forty million chickens alone were slaughtered in high-infection areas), and the outbreak was contained by March, but the total human death toll in Vietnam and Thailand was twenty three people.[citation needed]
Februaryedit
"The Ministry of Public Health in Thailand has confirmed the country's tenth case of H5N1 infection."[1]
Julyedit
Fresh outbreaks in poultry were confirmed in Ayutthaya and Pathumthani provinces of Thailand, and Chaohu city in Anhui, China. Research identifies the dominant strain of H5N1 as the "Z genotype".
Augustedit
Avian flu was confirmed in Kampung Pasir, Kelantan, Malaysia. Two chickens were confirmed to be carrying H5N1. As a result, Singapore has imposed a ban on the importation of chickens and poultry products. Similarly the EU has imposed a ban on Malaysian poultry products. A cull of all poultry has been ordered by the Malaysian government within a 10 km radius of the location of this outbreak. These moves appear to have been successful and since then, Singapore has lifted the ban and Malaysia has requested the OIE declare Malaysian poultry bird flu free.[2]
Researchers discover H5N1 is far more dangerous than previously believed. "In the past, outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza in poultry began following the primary introduction of a virus, of low pathogenicity, probably carried by a wild bird. The virus then required several months of circulation in domestic poultry in order to mutate from a form causing very mild disease to a form causing highly pathogenic disease, with a mortality approaching 100%. Only viruses of the H5 and H7 subtypes are capable of mutating to cause highly pathogenic disease. In the present outbreaks, however, asymptomatic domestic ducks can directly introduce the virus, in its highly pathogenic form, to poultry flocks."[4] Limiting this conclusion to domestic waterfowl proved to be wishful thinking, as in later months it became clear that nondomestic waterfowl were also directly spreading the highly pathogenic strain of H5N1 to chickens, crows, pigeons, and other birds and that it was increasing its ability to infect mammals as well. From this point on, avian influenza experts increasingly refer to containment as a strategy that can delay but not prevent a future avian flu pandemic.[citation needed]
^WHO (February 27, 2004). . Disease Outbreak News: Avian Influenza A(H5N1). 30. Archived from the original on March 7, 2004.
^"Malaysia wants its poultry declared bird flu-free". Reuters. September 21, 2005.
^WHO (September 28, 2004). . Disease Outbreak News: Avian Influenza A(H5N1). Archived from the original on October 7, 2004.
^WHO (October 29, 2004). . Disease Outbreak News: Avian Influenza A(H5N1). Archived from the original on November 10, 2004.
^Anthony S. Fauci (May 26, 2005). "Race against time". Nature. 435 (7041): 423–424. Bibcode:2005Natur.435..423F. doi:10.1038/435423a. PMID 15917781. S2CID 588711.
^WHO (December 30, 2004). . Disease Outbreak News: Avian Influenza A(H5N1). Archived from the original on January 5, 2005.
April 11, 2024
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Main article Global spread of H5N1 The global spread of highly pathogenic H5N1 in birds is considered a significant pandemic threat While prior H5N1 strains have been known they were significantly different from the current H5N1 strain on a genetic level making the global spread of this new strain unprecedented The current H5N1 strain is a fast mutating highly pathogenic avian influenza virus HPAI found in multiple bird species It is both epizootic an epidemic in non humans and panzootic a disease affecting animals of many species especially over a wide area Unless otherwise indicated H5N1 in this article refers to the recent highly pathogenic strain of H5N1 H5N1 caused flu outbreaks in 1959 and in 1991 but these strains were very different from the current highly pathogenic strain of H5N1 Evolution from 1999 to 2002 created the Z genotype which became the dominant strain of highly pathogenic H5N1 in 2004 In January 2004 a major new outbreak of H5N1 surfaced in Vietnam and Thailand s poultry industry and within weeks spread to ten countries and regions in Asia including Indonesia South Korea Japan and China In October 2004 researchers discovered H5N1 is far more dangerous than previously believed because waterfowl were directly spreading the highly pathogenic strain of H5N1 to chickens crows pigeons and other birds and that it was increasing its ability to infect mammals as well From this point on avian influenza experts increasingly refer to containment as a strategy that can delay but not prevent a future avian flu pandemic Contents 1 January 2 February 3 July 4 August 5 September 6 October 7 November 8 December 9 See also 10 ReferencesJanuary editCumulative Human Cases of and Deaths from H5N1As of April 11 2007 nbsp Notes Source WHO Confirmed Human Cases of H5N1 T he incidence of human cases peaked in each of the three years in which cases have occurred during the period roughly corresponding to winter and spring in the northern hemisphere If this pattern continues an upsurge in cases could be anticipated starting in late 2006 or early 2007 Avian influenza epidemiology of human H5N1 cases reported to WHO The regression curve for deaths is y a ek x and is shown extended through the end of April 2007 A major new outbreak of H5N1 surfaced in Vietnam and Thailand s poultry industry and within weeks spread to ten countries and regions in Asia including Indonesia South Korea Japan and China Intensive efforts were undertaken to slaughter chickens ducks and geese over forty million chickens alone were slaughtered in high infection areas and the outbreak was contained by March but the total human death toll in Vietnam and Thailand was twenty three people citation needed February edit The Ministry of Public Health in Thailand has confirmed the country s tenth case of H5N1 infection 1 July editFresh outbreaks in poultry were confirmed in Ayutthaya and Pathumthani provinces of Thailand and Chaohu city in Anhui China Research identifies the dominant strain of H5N1 as the Z genotype August editAvian flu was confirmed in Kampung Pasir Kelantan Malaysia Two chickens were confirmed to be carrying H5N1 As a result Singapore has imposed a ban on the importation of chickens and poultry products Similarly the EU has imposed a ban on Malaysian poultry products A cull of all poultry has been ordered by the Malaysian government within a 10 km radius of the location of this outbreak These moves appear to have been successful and since then Singapore has lifted the ban and Malaysia has requested the OIE declare Malaysian poultry bird flu free 2 September editMore cases of H5N1 in humans in Thailand 3 October editResearchers discover H5N1 is far more dangerous than previously believed In the past outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza in poultry began following the primary introduction of a virus of low pathogenicity probably carried by a wild bird The virus then required several months of circulation in domestic poultry in order to mutate from a form causing very mild disease to a form causing highly pathogenic disease with a mortality approaching 100 Only viruses of the H5 and H7 subtypes are capable of mutating to cause highly pathogenic disease In the present outbreaks however asymptomatic domestic ducks can directly introduce the virus in its highly pathogenic form to poultry flocks 4 Limiting this conclusion to domestic waterfowl proved to be wishful thinking as in later months it became clear that nondomestic waterfowl were also directly spreading the highly pathogenic strain of H5N1 to chickens crows pigeons and other birds and that it was increasing its ability to infect mammals as well From this point on avian influenza experts increasingly refer to containment as a strategy that can delay but not prevent a future avian flu pandemic citation needed November editThe U S s National Institutes of Health s NIH National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases s NIAID Influenza Genome Sequencing Project to provide complete sequence data for selected human and avian influenza isolates begins 5 December edit F irst human case of H5N1 is detected in Vietnam since early September 6 See also editGlobal spread of H5N1 in 2005 Global spread of H5N1 in 2006 Global spread of H5N1 in 2007References edit WHO February 27 2004 Situation human in Thailand Disease Outbreak News Avian Influenza A H5N1 30 Archived from the original on March 7 2004 Malaysia wants its poultry declared bird flu free Reuters September 21 2005 WHO September 28 2004 Situation in Thailand Update 2 Disease Outbreak News Avian Influenza A H5N1 Archived from the original on October 7 2004 WHO October 29 2004 Situation in Asia altered role of domestic ducks Disease Outbreak News Avian Influenza A H5N1 Archived from the original on November 10 2004 Anthony S Fauci May 26 2005 Race against time Nature 435 7041 423 424 Bibcode 2005Natur 435 423F doi 10 1038 435423a PMID 15917781 S2CID 588711 WHO December 30 2004 Situation in Viet Nam Disease Outbreak News Avian Influenza A H5N1 Archived from the original on January 5 2005 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Global spread of H5N1 in 2004 amp oldid 1187123290, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
