Gliocladium[1] is an asexual fungal genus in the Hypocreaceae. Certain other species including Gliocladium virens were recently transferred to the genus Trichoderma[2] and G. roseum became Clonostachys rosea f. rosea in the Bionectriaceae. Gliocladium is a mitosporic, filamentous fungus. Species of Gliocladium rarely produce a sexual state.[3] Most pathogenic, disease-causing fungi in humans are mitosporic like Gliocladium.[3]Gliocladium is filamentous; it grows tubular, elongated, and thread-like.[4] It can be considered a contaminant.
Note: the commonly-occurring (previously type) species "Gliocladium penicilloides" has now been placed in the genus Sphaerostilbella.
Features
Species of Gliocladium are considered to have pathogenic potential although they are not commonly thought of as a disease causing agent in humans and animals. Gliotoxin is a metabolite of G. (now Trichoderma) deliquescens.[4] The significance of gliotoxin has not yet been determined.
Gliocladium species occur worldwide in soil and decaying organic matter. Some species of Gliocladium are parasitic on other fungi. Gliocladium is found world-wide. Gliocladium is classified as a RG-1 organism; it is assessed to have low to no individual or community risk. Also, this microorganism is unlikely to cause human or animal disease. This status has been assessed by the American Biological Safety Association based upon criteria of the Classification of Infective Microorganisms by Risk Group.[6]
Most species of Gliocladium grow rapidly in culture producing spreading colonies with a cotton-like texture, covering a Petri dish in 1 week. The colonies are initially white and cream-like; but may become reddish or green as they age and sporulate.[7]
Microscopically, Gliocladium species produces hyphae, conidiophores, and conidia borne from hyaline phialides.[7] The conidiophores are erect, dense, and have a brush-like structure which produce tapering, slimy phialides.[7]Gliocladium can produce conidiophores that are branching and vertically oriented, similar to the genera Verticillium, Trichoderma and Penicillium.[7] Conidia are single-celled and cylindrical, accumulating in slime droplets at the tips of phialides that often become confluent across the apex of the entire conidiophore. This characteristic is in contrast to the dry conidia borne in persistent chains that characterize members of the genus Penicillium[4]
gliocladium, asexual, fungal, genus, hypocreaceae, certain, other, species, including, virens, were, recently, transferred, genus, trichoderma, roseum, became, clonostachys, rosea, rosea, bionectriaceae, mitosporic, filamentous, fungus, species, rarely, produc. Gliocladium 1 is an asexual fungal genus in the Hypocreaceae Certain other species including Gliocladium virens were recently transferred to the genus Trichoderma 2 and G roseum became Clonostachys rosea f rosea in the Bionectriaceae Gliocladium is a mitosporic filamentous fungus Species of Gliocladium rarely produce a sexual state 3 Most pathogenic disease causing fungi in humans are mitosporic like Gliocladium 3 Gliocladium is filamentous it grows tubular elongated and thread like 4 It can be considered a contaminant GliocladiumScientific classificationKingdom FungiDivision AscomycotaClass SordariomycetesOrder HypocrealesFamily HypocreaceaeGenus GliocladiumCorda 1840SpeciesSee textSpecies EditSpecies fungorum currently July 2018 lists the remaining species G zaleskii Gliocladium africanum Eichelb 1906 Gliocladium album Preuss Petch 1939 Gliocladium ammoniphilum Pidopl amp Bilaĭ 1950 Gliocladium atrum J C Gilman amp E V Abbott 1927 Gliocladium borysseviczii Pidopl 1950 Gliocladium caespitosum Petch 1939 Gliocladium cibotii J F H Beyma 1944 Gliocladium cinereum Marchal amp E J Marchal 1921 Gliocladium citrinum Bat H Maia amp A F Vital 1957 Gliocladium comtus Rudakov 1981 Gliocladium cylindrosporum Matsush 1975 Gliocladium elatum Sacc 1909 Gliocladium flavofuscum J H Mill Giddens amp A A Foster 1958 Gliocladium flavum J F H Beyma 1928 Gliocladium luteolum Hohn 1903 Gliocladium microspermum Sacc W Gams 1982 Gliocladium microsporum Petch 1926 Gliocladium mumicola C T Wei 1941 Gliocladium nicotianae Oudem 1903 Gliocladium novae zelandiae Seifert Samuels amp W Gams 1985 Gliocladium polyporicola Henn Seifert amp W Gams 1985 Gliocladium salmonicolor Raillo 1929 Gliocladium sampajense Subram amp Bhat 1989 Gliocladium sphaerosporum Matsush 1989 Gliocladium thaxteri Seifert amp W Gams 1985 Gliocladium verticillioides G A Newton Pidoplitschka 1930 Gliocladium vermoeseni Biourge Thom Gliocladium zaleskii Pidopl 1953 5 Note the commonly occurring previously type species Gliocladium penicilloides has now been placed in the genus Sphaerostilbella Features EditSpecies of Gliocladium are considered to have pathogenic potential although they are not commonly thought of as a disease causing agent in humans and animals Gliotoxin is a metabolite of G now Trichoderma deliquescens 4 The significance of gliotoxin has not yet been determined Gliocladium species occur worldwide in soil and decaying organic matter Some species of Gliocladium are parasitic on other fungi Gliocladium is found world wide Gliocladium is classified as a RG 1 organism it is assessed to have low to no individual or community risk Also this microorganism is unlikely to cause human or animal disease This status has been assessed by the American Biological Safety Association based upon criteria of the Classification of Infective Microorganisms by Risk Group 6 Most species of Gliocladium grow rapidly in culture producing spreading colonies with a cotton like texture covering a Petri dish in 1 week The colonies are initially white and cream like but may become reddish or green as they age and sporulate 7 Microscopically Gliocladium species produces hyphae conidiophores and conidia borne from hyaline phialides 7 The conidiophores are erect dense and have a brush like structure which produce tapering slimy phialides 7 Gliocladium can produce conidiophores that are branching and vertically oriented similar to the genera Verticillium Trichoderma and Penicillium 7 Conidia are single celled and cylindrical accumulating in slime droplets at the tips of phialides that often become confluent across the apex of the entire conidiophore This characteristic is in contrast to the dry conidia borne in persistent chains that characterize members of the genus Penicillium 4 References Edit Corda 1840 Icon fung Prague 4 30 Mycobank Gliocladium virens a b Mitosporic Fungi MeSH NCBI a b c Gliocladium Species doctorfungus org Archived from the original on 2014 04 08 Retrieved 2014 06 02 Gliocladium www mycobank org Retrieved 22 January 2021 ABSA Risk Group Classification for Infectious Agents absa org Retrieved 2014 06 02 a b c d Mycology Online Gliocladium sp mycology adelaide edu au Retrieved 2014 06 02 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Gliocladium amp oldid 1008766897, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
