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Gilles de Roberval

April 15, 2024

Gilles Personne de Roberval (August 10, 1602 – October 27, 1675), French mathematician, was born at Roberval near Beauvais, France. His name was originally Gilles Personne or Gilles Personier, with Roberval the place of his birth.[1]

Gilles de Roberval
Portrait of Gilles Personne de Roberval (1602-1675) at the inauguration of the French Academy of Sciences, 1666, where he was a founding member.
Born(1602-08-10)August 10, 1602
Roberval near Beauvais, France
DiedOctober 27, 1675(1675-10-27) (aged 73)
Paris, France
NationalityFrench
Known forRoberval Balance
Coining the term 'trochoid'
Scientific career
FieldsMathematician
InstitutionsGervais College, Paris
Royal College of France
Academic advisorsÉtienne Pascal
Marin Mersenne
Notable studentsFrançois du Verdus
Isaac Barrow

Biography edit

Like René Descartes, he was present at the siege of La Rochelle in 1627. In the same year he went to Paris, and in 1631 he was appointed the philosophy chair at Gervais College, Paris. Two years after that, in 1633, he was also made the chair of mathematics at the Royal College of France. A condition of tenure attached to this particular chair was that the holder (Roberval, in this case) would propose mathematical questions for solution, and should resign in favour of any person who solved them better than himself. Notwithstanding this, Roberval was able to keep the chair until his death.[2]

Roberval was one of those mathematicians who, just before the invention of the infinitesimal calculus, occupied their attention with problems which are only soluble, or can be most easily solved, by some method involving limits or infinitesimals, which would today be solved by calculus. He worked on the quadrature of surfaces and the cubature of solids, which he accomplished, in some of the simpler cases, by an original method which he called the "Method of Indivisibles"; but he lost much of the credit of the discovery as he kept his method for his own use, while Bonaventura Cavalieri published a similar method which he independently invented.[2]

Another of Roberval’s discoveries was a very general method of drawing tangents, by considering a curve as described by a moving point whose motion is the resultant of several simpler motions.[3] He also discovered a method of deriving one curve from another, by means of which finite areas can be obtained equal to the areas between certain curves and their asymptotes. To these curves, which were also applied to effect some quadratures, Evangelista Torricelli gave the name "Robervallian lines."[2][4]

Between Roberval and René Descartes there existed a feeling of ill-will,[5][6] owing to the jealousy aroused in the mind of the former by the criticism that Descartes offered to some of the methods employed by him and by Pierre de Fermat; and this led him to criticize and oppose the analytical methods that Descartes introduced into geometry about this time.[2]

As results of Roberval’s labours outside of pure mathematics may be noted a work on the system of the universe, in which he supports the Copernican heliocentric system and attributes a mutual attraction to all particles of matter and also the invention of a special kind of balance, the Roberval Balance.[7]

Works edit

  • Traité de Mécanique des Poids Soutenus par des Puissances sur des Plans Inclinés à l’Horizontale (1636).
  • Le Système du Monde d’après Aristarque de Samos (1644).
  • Divers Ouvrages de M. de Roberval (1693).

References edit

  1. ^ Walker, Helen M (1936). "An Unpublished Hydraulic Experiment of Roberval, 1668". Osiris. 1: 726. doi:10.1086/368451. S2CID 145477013.
  2. ^ a b c d Chisholm 1911, p. 407.
  3. ^ Wolfson, Paul R (2001). "The Crooked Made Straight: Roberval and Newton on Tangents". The American Mathematical Monthly. 108 (3): 206–216. doi:10.2307/2695381. JSTOR 2695381.
  4. ^ "ROBERVALLIAN Lines, a name given to certain lines used for the transformation of figures; thus called from their inventor Roberval, an eminent French mathematician, who died in 1675, aged seventy-six. The abbe Gallois, in the Memoirs of the Royal Academy, 1693, observes that the method of transforming figures, explained at the latter end of Roberval's Treatise of Indivisibles, was the same with that afterwards published by James Gregory, in his Geometria Universalis, and also by Barrow in his Lectiones Geometricæ; and that, by a letter of Torricelli, it appears that Roberval was the inventor of this manner of transforming figures, by means of certain lines, which Torricelli therefore called Robervallian lines." — The London Encyclopaedia, Thomas Curtis (ed.), Vol. XVIII. London: Thomas Tegg, 1839, p. 627.
  5. ^ Jullien, Vincent (1998). "Descartes-Roberval, une Relation Tumultueuse". Revue d'Histoire des Sciences. 51 (2/3): 363–371. doi:10.3406/rhs.1998.1330.
  6. ^ Grayling, A.C. (2006). Descartes: The Life of Rene Decartes and Its Place in His Times. New York: Simon and Schuster, p. 203.
  7. ^ Chisholm 1911, pp. 407–408.

Sources edit

  •   This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Roberval, Gilles Personne de". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 23 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 407–408.
  • Mitchell, U. G. (1933). "Review: A Study of the Traité des Indivisibles of Gilles Persone de Roberval, by Evelyn Walker". Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 33 (9): 658–659. doi:10.1090/S0002-9904-1933-05710-5.
  • Auger, Léon (1962). Un Savant Méconnu, Gilles Personne de Roberval. Paris: Librairie Scientifique A. Blanchard.[1]
  • Cousin, Victor (1845). "Roberval Philosophe," Journal des Savants, pp. 129–149.

Further reading edit

  • Carroll, Maureen T.; Dougherty, Steven T.; Perkins, David (2013). "Indivisibles, Infinitesimals and a Tale of Seventeenth-Century Mathematics". Mathematics Magazine. 86 (4): 239–254. doi:10.4169/math.mag.86.4.239. S2CID 117979730.
  • Itard, Jean (1975). "La Lettre de Torricelli à Roberval d'Octobre 1643". Revue d'Histoire des Sciences. 28 (2): 113–124. doi:10.3406/rhs.1975.1131.
  • Jullien, Vincent (1993). "Les Étendues Géométriques et la Ligne Droite de Roberval". Revue d'Histoire des Sciences. 46 (4): 493–526. doi:10.3406/rhs.1993.4645.
  • Jullien, Vincent (1996). Eléments de Géométrie de G. P. de Roberval. Paris: Vrin.
  • Hara, K. (1981). "Roberval, Gilles Personne". In: Gillispie, C. C. (Ed). Dictionary of Scientific Biography. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, Vol. 11, p. 486–491.

External links edit

  1. ^ Whiteside, D. T. (June 1963). "Review: Un Savant méconnu, Gilles Personne de Roberval. by Léon Auger". Isis. 54 (2): 303–305. doi:10.1086/349729. JSTOR 228566.

April 15, 2024
gilles, roberval, gilles, personne, roberval, august, 1602, october, 1675, french, mathematician, born, roberval, near, beauvais, france, name, originally, gilles, personne, gilles, personier, with, roberval, place, birth, portrait, gilles, personne, roberval,. Gilles Personne de Roberval August 10 1602 October 27 1675 French mathematician was born at Roberval near Beauvais France His name was originally Gilles Personne or Gilles Personier with Roberval the place of his birth 1 Gilles de RobervalPortrait of Gilles Personne de Roberval 1602 1675 at the inauguration of the French Academy of Sciences 1666 where he was a founding member Born 1602 08 10 August 10 1602Roberval near Beauvais FranceDiedOctober 27 1675 1675 10 27 aged 73 Paris FranceNationalityFrenchKnown forRoberval BalanceCoining the term trochoid Scientific careerFieldsMathematicianInstitutionsGervais College ParisRoyal College of FranceAcademic advisorsEtienne PascalMarin MersenneNotable studentsFrancois du VerdusIsaac Barrow Contents 1 Biography 2 Works 3 References 4 Sources 5 Further reading 6 External linksBiography editLike Rene Descartes he was present at the siege of La Rochelle in 1627 In the same year he went to Paris and in 1631 he was appointed the philosophy chair at Gervais College Paris Two years after that in 1633 he was also made the chair of mathematics at the Royal College of France A condition of tenure attached to this particular chair was that the holder Roberval in this case would propose mathematical questions for solution and should resign in favour of any person who solved them better than himself Notwithstanding this Roberval was able to keep the chair until his death 2 Roberval was one of those mathematicians who just before the invention of the infinitesimal calculus occupied their attention with problems which are only soluble or can be most easily solved by some method involving limits or infinitesimals which would today be solved by calculus He worked on the quadrature of surfaces and the cubature of solids which he accomplished in some of the simpler cases by an original method which he called the Method of Indivisibles but he lost much of the credit of the discovery as he kept his method for his own use while Bonaventura Cavalieri published a similar method which he independently invented 2 Another of Roberval s discoveries was a very general method of drawing tangents by considering a curve as described by a moving point whose motion is the resultant of several simpler motions 3 He also discovered a method of deriving one curve from another by means of which finite areas can be obtained equal to the areas between certain curves and their asymptotes To these curves which were also applied to effect some quadratures Evangelista Torricelli gave the name Robervallian lines 2 4 Between Roberval and Rene Descartes there existed a feeling of ill will 5 6 owing to the jealousy aroused in the mind of the former by the criticism that Descartes offered to some of the methods employed by him and by Pierre de Fermat and this led him to criticize and oppose the analytical methods that Descartes introduced into geometry about this time 2 As results of Roberval s labours outside of pure mathematics may be noted a work on the system of the universe in which he supports the Copernican heliocentric system and attributes a mutual attraction to all particles of matter and also the invention of a special kind of balance the Roberval Balance 7 Works editTraite de Mecanique des Poids Soutenus par des Puissances sur des Plans Inclines a l Horizontale 1636 Le Systeme du Monde d apres Aristarque de Samos 1644 Divers Ouvrages de M de Roberval 1693 References edit Walker Helen M 1936 An Unpublished Hydraulic Experiment of Roberval 1668 Osiris 1 726 doi 10 1086 368451 S2CID 145477013 a b c d Chisholm 1911 p 407 Wolfson Paul R 2001 The Crooked Made Straight Roberval and Newton on Tangents The American Mathematical Monthly 108 3 206 216 doi 10 2307 2695381 JSTOR 2695381 ROBERVALLIAN Lines a name given to certain lines used for the transformation of figures thus called from their inventor Roberval an eminent French mathematician who died in 1675 aged seventy six The abbe Gallois in the Memoirs of the Royal Academy 1693 observes that the method of transforming figures explained at the latter end of Roberval s Treatise of Indivisibles was the same with that afterwards published by James Gregory in his Geometria Universalis and also by Barrow in his Lectiones Geometricae and that by a letter of Torricelli it appears that Roberval was the inventor of this manner of transforming figures by means of certain lines which Torricelli therefore called Robervallian lines The London Encyclopaedia Thomas Curtis ed Vol XVIII London Thomas Tegg 1839 p 627 Jullien Vincent 1998 Descartes Roberval une Relation Tumultueuse Revue d Histoire des Sciences 51 2 3 363 371 doi 10 3406 rhs 1998 1330 Grayling A C 2006 Descartes The Life of Rene Decartes and Its Place in His Times New York Simon and Schuster p 203 Chisholm 1911 pp 407 408 Sources edit nbsp This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Roberval Gilles Personne de Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 23 11th ed Cambridge University Press pp 407 408 Mitchell U G 1933 Review A Study of the Traite des Indivisibles of Gilles Persone de Roberval by Evelyn Walker Bull Amer Math Soc 33 9 658 659 doi 10 1090 S0002 9904 1933 05710 5 Auger Leon 1962 Un Savant Meconnu Gilles Personne de Roberval Paris Librairie Scientifique A Blanchard 1 Cousin Victor 1845 Roberval Philosophe Journal des Savants pp 129 149 Further reading editCarroll Maureen T Dougherty Steven T Perkins David 2013 Indivisibles Infinitesimals and a Tale of Seventeenth Century Mathematics Mathematics Magazine 86 4 239 254 doi 10 4169 math mag 86 4 239 S2CID 117979730 Itard Jean 1975 La Lettre de Torricelli a Roberval d Octobre 1643 Revue d Histoire des Sciences 28 2 113 124 doi 10 3406 rhs 1975 1131 Jullien Vincent 1993 Les Etendues Geometriques et la Ligne Droite de Roberval Revue d Histoire des Sciences 46 4 493 526 doi 10 3406 rhs 1993 4645 Jullien Vincent 1996 Elements de Geometrie de G P de Roberval Paris Vrin Hara K 1981 Roberval Gilles Personne In Gillispie C C Ed Dictionary of Scientific Biography New York Charles Scribner s Sons Vol 11 p 486 491 External links edit nbsp Media related to Gilles Personne de Roberval at Wikimedia Commons Works by or about Gilles de Roberval at Internet Archive O Connor John J Robertson Edmund F Gilles de Roberval MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive University of St Andrews Gilles de Roberval at the Mathematics Genealogy Project Roberval in Galileo Project Whiteside D T June 1963 Review Un Savant meconnu Gilles Personne de Roberval by Leon Auger Isis 54 2 303 305 doi 10 1086 349729 JSTOR 228566 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Gilles de Roberval amp oldid 1179838562, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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