In mycology, a lamella (pl.: lamellae), or gill, is a papery hymenophore rib under the cap of some mushroom species, most often agarics. The gills are used by the mushrooms as a means of spore dispersal, and are important for species identification. The attachment of the gills to the stem is classified based on the shape of the gills when viewed from the side, while color, crowding and the shape of individual gills can also be important features. Additionally, gills can have distinctive microscopic or macroscopic features. For instance, Lactarius species typically seep latex from their gills.
Lactarius subdulcis fruit bodies with prominent adnate gills. The shape, colour, density and other properties (for instance, the gills here leak latex) are important when identifying mushroom species."False" gills of Craterellus tubaeformis
It was originally believed that all gilled fungi were Agaricales, but as fungi were studied in more detail, some gilled species were demonstrated not to be. It is now clear that this is a case of convergent evolution (i.e. gill-like structures evolved separately) rather than being an anatomic feature that evolved only once. The apparent reason that various basidiomycetes have evolved gills is that it is the most effective means of increasing the ratio of surface area to mass, which increases the potential for spore production and dispersal.
Members of the two related genera of chanterelles, Cantharellus and Craterellus, have rudimentary lamellar structures which are sometimes referred to as "false gills". They are distinguished from "true gills" because the structure of the fertile surface ("hymenium") continues uninterrupted over the gill edge, so they are little more than folds, wrinkles or veins.[1] The genus Gomphus also has false gills. These primitive lamellae indicate how the evolution towards true gills probably happened.[2]
Classificationedit
Morphologically, gills are classified according to their attachment to the stipe:
Adnate
Adnexed
Decurrent
Emarginate
Free
Seceding
Sinuate
Subdecurrent
Referencesedit
^See Tom Volk's Fungus of the Month for January 2008 for a description of the difference between "real" and "false" gills.
^Moncalvo JM, Nilsson RH, Koster B, Dunham SM, Bernauer T, Matheny PB, Porter TM, Margaritescu S, Weiss M, Garnica S, Danell E, Langer G, Langer E, Larsson E, Larsson KH, Vilgalys R (2006). (PDF). Mycologia. 98 (6): 937–948. doi:10.3852/mycologia.98.6.937. PMID 17486970. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 June 2010. Retrieved 23 March 2013.. The important "false gill" characteristic of the chanterelles is discussed on page 938 and it is mentioned that lamellae of Gomphus are similar.
External linksedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lamella (mycology).
IMA Mycological Glossary: Gill
February 29, 2024
lamella, mycology, other, uses, lamella, disambiguation, mycology, lamella, lamellae, gill, papery, hymenophore, under, some, mushroom, species, most, often, agarics, gills, used, mushrooms, means, spore, dispersal, important, species, identification, attachme. For other uses see Lamella disambiguation In mycology a lamella pl lamellae or gill is a papery hymenophore rib under the cap of some mushroom species most often agarics The gills are used by the mushrooms as a means of spore dispersal and are important for species identification The attachment of the gills to the stem is classified based on the shape of the gills when viewed from the side while color crowding and the shape of individual gills can also be important features Additionally gills can have distinctive microscopic or macroscopic features For instance Lactarius species typically seep latex from their gills Lactarius subdulcis fruit bodies with prominent adnate gills The shape colour density and other properties for instance the gills here leak latex are important when identifying mushroom species False gills of Craterellus tubaeformisIt was originally believed that all gilled fungi were Agaricales but as fungi were studied in more detail some gilled species were demonstrated not to be It is now clear that this is a case of convergent evolution i e gill like structures evolved separately rather than being an anatomic feature that evolved only once The apparent reason that various basidiomycetes have evolved gills is that it is the most effective means of increasing the ratio of surface area to mass which increases the potential for spore production and dispersal Other groups of fungi to bear gills include The genera Russula and Lactarius of the Russulales Several genera in the Boletales including Gomphidius and Chroogomphus as well as Tapinella atrotomentosa which has been traditionally named Paxillus atrotomentosus and other species in that genus the False chanterelle Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca Such polypore like fungi such as daedaleopsis confragosa Lenzites betulina and Gloeophyllum sepiarium Members of the two related genera of chanterelles Cantharellus and Craterellus have rudimentary lamellar structures which are sometimes referred to as false gills They are distinguished from true gills because the structure of the fertile surface hymenium continues uninterrupted over the gill edge so they are little more than folds wrinkles or veins 1 The genus Gomphus also has false gills These primitive lamellae indicate how the evolution towards true gills probably happened 2 Classification editMorphologically gills are classified according to their attachment to the stipe nbsp Adnate nbsp Adnexed nbsp Decurrent nbsp Emarginate nbsp Free nbsp Seceding nbsp Sinuate nbsp SubdecurrentReferences edit See Tom Volk s Fungus of the Month for January 2008 for a description of the difference between real and false gills Moncalvo JM Nilsson RH Koster B Dunham SM Bernauer T Matheny PB Porter TM Margaritescu S Weiss M Garnica S Danell E Langer G Langer E Larsson E Larsson KH Vilgalys R 2006 The cantharelloid clade dealing with incongruent gene trees and phylogenetic reconstruction methods PDF Mycologia 98 6 937 948 doi 10 3852 mycologia 98 6 937 PMID 17486970 Archived from the original PDF on 13 June 2010 Retrieved 23 March 2013 The important false gill characteristic of the chanterelles is discussed on page 938 and it is mentioned that lamellae of Gomphus are similar External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lamella mycology IMA Mycological Glossary Gill Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Lamella mycology amp oldid 1169919754, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
