Giant Steps
Giant Steps is the fifth studio album by jazz musician John Coltrane as leader. It was released in February 1960 on Atlantic Records.[1][2][3] This was his first album as leader for Atlantic Records, with which he had signed a new contract the previous year. The record is regarded as one of the most influential jazz albums of all time. Many of its tracks have become practice templates for jazz saxophonists.[5][6] In 2004, it was one of fifty recordings chosen that year by the Library of Congress to be added to the National Recording Registry. It attained gold record status in 2018, having sold 500,000 copies.[7]
| Giant Steps | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Studio album by | ||||
| Released | February 1960[1][2][3] | |||
| Recorded | May 4–5, 1959 December 2, 1959 | |||
| Studio | Atlantic (New York City)[4] | |||
| Genre | Post-bop, hard bop | |||
| Length | 37:03 | |||
| Label | Atlantic | |||
| Producer | Nesuhi Ertegun | |||
| John Coltrane chronology | ||||
| ||||
Two tracks, "Naima" and "Syeeda's Song Flute", are respectively named after Coltrane's wife at the time and her daughter, whom he adopted. A third, "Mr. P.C.", takes its name from the initials of bassist Paul Chambers, who played on the album. A fourth, "Cousin Mary", is named in honor of Mary Lyerly, Coltrane's younger cousin.
Background
In 1959, Miles Davis's business manager Harold Lovett negotiated a record contract for Coltrane with Atlantic, the terms of which included a $7,000 annual guarantee (equivalent to $65,070 in 2021).[8] Initial sessions for this album, the second recording date for Coltrane under his new contract after a January 15 date led by Milt Jackson, took place on March 26, 1959.[9] Coltrane was dissatisfied with the results of this session with Cedar Walton and Lex Humphries, and hence they were not used for the album,[10] but appeared on subsequent compilations and reissues. Principal recording for the album took place on May 4 and 5, two weeks after Coltrane had participated in the final session for Kind of Blue.[11] The track "Naima" was recorded on December 2 with Coltrane's bandmates, the rhythm section from the Miles Davis Quintet, who would provide the backing for most of his next album, Coltrane Jazz.[12]
Coltrane's improvisation exemplifies the melodic phrasing that came to be known as sheets of sound, and features his explorations into third-related chord movements that came to be known as Coltrane changes.[13] The Giant Steps chord progression consists of a distinctive set of chords that create key centers a major third apart. Jazz musicians ever since have used it as a practice piece, its difficult chord changes presenting a "kind of ultimate harmonic challenge", and serving as a gateway into modern jazz improvisation. Several pieces on this album went on to become jazz standards, most prominently "Naima" and "Giant Steps".[10][14]
Reception
| Review scores | |
|---|---|
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | [15] |
| DownBeat | [16] |
| Encyclopedia of Popular Music | [17] |
| Tom Hull | A−[18] |
| Penguin Guide to Jazz | [19] |
| The Rolling Stone Album Guide | [20] |
| The Rolling Stone Jazz Record Guide | [21] |
| Virgin Encyclopedia | [22] |
The Penguin Guide to Jazz selected this album as part of its suggested "Core Collection" calling it "Trane's first genuinely iconic record."[23] In 2003, the album was ranked number 102 on Rolling Stone magazine's list of The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time,[24] 103 in a 2012 revised list,[25] and 232 in a 2020 revised list.[26]
In 2000 it was voted number 764 in Colin Larkin's All Time Top 1000 Albums.[27]
On March 3, 1998, Rhino Records reissued Giant Steps as part of its Atlantic 50th Anniversary Jazz Gallery series. Included were eight bonus tracks, five of which had appeared in 1975 on the Atlantic compilation Alternate Takes, the remaining three earlier issued on The Heavyweight Champion: The Complete Atlantic Recordings in 1995.
Track listing
| No. | Title | Length |
|---|---|---|
| 1. | "Giant Steps" | 4:43 |
| 2. | "Cousin Mary" | 5:45 |
| 3. | "Countdown" | 2:21 |
| 4. | "Spiral" | 5:56 |
| No. | Title | Length |
|---|---|---|
| 8. | "Giant Steps" (alternate version 1) | 3:41 |
| 9. | "Naima" (alternate version 1) | 4:27 |
| 10. | "Cousin Mary" (alternate take) | 5:54 |
| 11. | "Countdown" (alternate take) | 4:33 |
| 12. | "Syeeda's Song Flute" (alternate take) | 7:02 |
| No. | Title | Length |
|---|---|---|
| 13. | "Giant Steps" (alternate version 2) | 3:32 |
| 14. | "Naima" (alternate version 2) | 3:37 |
| 15. | "Giant Steps" (alternate take) | 5:00 |
Recording dates:[28]
Thursday March 26, 1959:
- Tracks 8, 9, 13, 14
Monday May 4, 1959:
- Tracks 3, 4, 11
Tuesday May 5, 1959:
- Tracks 1, 2, 5, 7, 10, 12 and 15
Wednesday December 2, 1959:
- Track 6
Personnel
Musicians
- John Coltrane – tenor saxophone
- Tommy Flanagan – piano
- Wynton Kelly – piano on "Naima"
- Paul Chambers – bass
- Art Taylor – drums
- Jimmy Cobb – drums on "Naima"
- Cedar Walton – piano on "Giant Steps" and “Naima" alternate versions
- Lex Humphries – drums on "Giant Steps" and “Naima" alternate versions
Production
- Nesuhi Ertegün – producer
- Tom Dowd, Phil Iehle – engineer
- Lee Friedlander – photography
- Marvin Israel – cover design
- Nat Hentoff – liner notes
- Bob Carlton, Patrick Milligan – reissue supervision
- Bill Inglot, Dan Hersch – digital remastering
- Rachel Gutek – reissue design
- Hugh Brown – reissue art direction
- Vanessa Atkins, Steven Chean, Julee Stover – reissue editorial supervision
- Ted Meyers, Elizabeth Pavone – reissue editorial coordination
Release history
- 1960 – Atlantic Records SD 1311, vinyl record
- 1987 – Atlantic Records, first generation compact disc
- 1994 – Mobile Fidelity Gold CD
- 1998 – Rhino Records R2 75203, Deluxe Edition compact disc and 180-gram vinyl record
- 2020 – Atlantic Records R2 625106/603497848393, 60 Years Deluxe Edition, 2 CDs (Remastered Album + Outtakes)
Certifications
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
|---|---|---|
| United States (RIAA)[29] | Gold | 500,000 |
| Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. | ||
References
- ^ a b "February Album Releases" (PDF). The Cash Box. New York: The Cash Box Publishing Co. February 13, 1960. Retrieved June 18, 2019.
- ^ a b "New Darin Album" (PDF). The Cash Box. New York: The Cash Box Publishing Co. January 23, 1960. Retrieved June 18, 2019.
- ^ a b DeVito, Chris; Fujioka, Yasuhiro; Schmaler, Wolf; Wild, David (2013). Porter, Lewis (ed.). The John Coltrane Reference. New York/Abingdon: Routledge. p. 564. ISBN 9780415634632. Retrieved January 2, 2020.
- ^ Atlantic Masters CD Edition Liner Notes, 1998
- ^ Ben Ratliff. Coltrane: The Story of A Sound. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux; 2007. ISBN 978-0-374-12606-3. pp. 53-54.
- ^ Lewis Porter. John Coltrane: His Life and Music. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press, 1999. ISBN 0-472-10161-7, p. 145.
- ^ "What's News". The New York City Jazz Record. No. 202. January 2019. p. 5.
- ^ Lewis Porter. John Coltrane: His Life and Music. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press, 1999. ISBN 0-472-10161-7, pp. 117-8.
- ^ Porter, p. 145, pp. 359-60.
- ^ a b Nisenson, Eric (2009). Ascension: John Coltrane and his Quest. New York: Hachette Books. p. 171. ISBN 9780786750955.
- ^ Porter, p. 360.
- ^ Giant Steps. Atlantic R2 75203, liner notes, p. 18.
- ^ Porter, pp. 145-148
- ^ "Giant Steps (1959)". JazzStandards.com. from the original on December 2, 2010. Retrieved June 18, 2019.
- ^ Allmusic review
- ^ Down Beat review June 7, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Larkin, Colin (2007). Encyclopedia of Popular Music (4th ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195313734.
- ^ Hull, Tom (n.d.). "Jazz (1940s-50s)". tomhull.com. Retrieved March 3, 2020.
- ^ . Archived from the original on September 14, 2017. Retrieved June 18, 2009.
- ^ Rolling Stone review
- ^ Swenson, J., ed. (1985). The Rolling Stone Jazz Record Guide. US: Random House/Rolling Stone. p. 46. ISBN 0-394-72643-X.
- ^ . Archived from the original on September 14, 2017. Retrieved June 18, 2009.
- ^ Cook, Richard; Brian Morton (2006) [1992]. "John Coltrane". The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings. The Penguin Guide to Jazz (8th. ed.). New York: Penguin. p. 269. ISBN 0-14-102327-9.
- ^ . Rolling Stone. New York. November 2003. Archived from the original on March 22, 2009. Retrieved April 26, 2013.
- ^ "500 Greatest Albums of All Time Rolling Stone's definitive list of the 500 greatest albums of all time". Rolling Stone. 2012. Retrieved September 19, 2019.
- ^ "The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time". Rolling Stone. September 22, 2020. Retrieved August 26, 2021.
- ^ Larkin, Colin (2000). All Time Top 1000 Albums (3rd ed.). Virgin Books. p. 241. ISBN 0-7535-0493-6.
- ^ Atlantic Masters Edition CD Liner Notes 1998
- ^ "American album certifications – John Coltrane – Giant Steps". Recording Industry Association of America.
External links
- and , Rhino Deluxe Edition