George Palmer (MP for South Essex)
George Palmer (1772–1853) was an English businessman, politician, and philanthropist.
George Palmer | |
|---|---|
| Member of Parliament for South Essex | |
| In office 1836–1847 | |
| Preceded by | Robert Westley Hall-Dare |
| Succeeded by | Sir Edward Buxton, 2nd Baronet |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 11 February 1772 |
| Died | 12 May 1853 (aged 81) Nazeing Park, Essex, England |
| Political party | Conservative |
| Children | |
| Relatives | Roundell Palmer |
Early life
Born on 11 February 1772, he was the eldest son of William Palmer (1748?–1821), a London merchant, descended from the Palmers of Wanlip, Leicestershire, and his wife Mary (born 1747),[1] only daughter of John Horsley the rector of Thorley, Hertfordshire, and sister of Samuel Horsley. John Horsley Palmer (Governor of the Bank of England),[2] William Jocelyn Palmer and Sir Ralph Palmer were younger brothers. He was a nephew of Roundell Palmer, 1st Earl of Selborne.[3]
He was educated at Charterhouse School.[2]
After leaving school, he entered the naval service of the East India Company[2] at the age of 14.[4]
Palmer made his first voyage in the Carnatic in 1786.[2] Commander of the Boddam in 1796,[5] he received a complimentary letter from the court of directors for his conduct in an encounter with four French frigates. His last voyage was made in 1799,[2] after which he resigned owing to ill-health.[4]
In business
In 1802 Palmer entered into partnership with his father and brother, Horsley Palmer, and Captain Wilson, as East India Company merchants and shipowners at 28 Throgmorton Street, London.[2] In 1831 he was master of the Mercers' Company,[6] and 1832 he was elected chairman of the General Shipowners' Society,[2]
He and his brothers had property interests in Grenada, which used slaves on their Springs, Mount Aire and Upper Latante estates.[3]
New Zealand Company
Palmer was on the founding board of the New Zealand Company in 1825, which was the earliest organised attempt to colonise New Zealand. The board included chair John George Lambton Whig MP and later 1st Earl of Durham), political economistRobert Torrens snr, Edward Ellice, Edward Littleton, 1st Baron Hatherton, and others, including other East India Company merchants.[7][6][8]
National Lifeboat Institution
In 1788 a near-drowning near Macao[4] directed his attention to the equilibrium of boats, and the means of preventing them from sinking. He first became connected with the recently founded Royal National Institution for the Preservation of Life from Shipwreck (now Royal National Lifeboat Institution) in 1826, and his plan of fitting lifeboats was adopted. He designed a new lifeboat, built in the shape of a whaleboat, narrow and pointed at both ends, with special pockets of air built in for buoyancy, which was officially adopted by the Institution in 1828.[4] The design was used for rescue lifeboats placed by the Institution at more than twenty ports, and was used until 1858, when it was superseded by the system of self-righting lifeboats.[2]
Palmer was deputy chairman of the society for over 25 years, and required his own ships to go to sea with the means of saving life.[2] His role was crucial in getting Algernon Percy, 4th Duke of Northumberland appointed as president of the Institution (an office he held from 1851 to 1865, during which he undertook a reorganisation[9]). In February 1853 he resigned his office, when the committee voted him the Gold Medal. In September 2008 this Gold Medal, with unique pendant in the shape of a lifeboat, was sold at auction for £3,200.[4]
Public life
Palmer served as Sheriff of Hertfordshire in 1818. In 1821 he held the office of master of the Mercers' Company, and in that capacity he attended the Lord Mayor at the coronation of George IV on 19 July 1821.[2]
In 1832, when South Shields became a parliamentary borough, Palmer was a candidate for the Conservative Party, but was not elected.[2] After winning an 1836 by-election for South Essex, Palmer raised the matter of deaths at sea caused by shipwrecks, in Parliament. In April 1839, He chaired a select committee looking at the regulation of timber trading ships crossing the Atlantic Ocean to British North America. The resulting report led to the recommendation that these ships should be barred from carrying loads on their decks. As the Timber Ships Bill, it was discussed first in the Commons (2nd reading, July 1839)[10] and then the House of Lords (July 1840).[11] Changes were first introduced in the Timber Ships, British North America Act 1840, then the Timber Ships, America Act 1842, and then finally the Timber Ships Act 1845, which expanded and finalised legislation which prohibited timber ships from carrying cargo on deck.[4]
Although he had not had experience in agriculture, he vowed to his constituents that he would defend the Corn Laws, and publicly rebuked the Prime Minister Robert Peel when he repealed them.[4]
Palmer sat in Parliament from 1836 to 1847, successful in three strongly-contested elections.[2]
Death
Palmer died at Nazeing Park, Essex, on 12 May 1853.[2]
Works
Palmer was the author of Memoir of a Chart from the Strait of Allass to the Island Bouro, 1799, and of A New Plan for fitting all Boats so that they may be secure as Life Boats at the shortest notice, 1828.[2]
Family
Palmer married, on 29 December 1795, Anna Maria, daughter of William Bund of Wick, Worcestershire, who died on 13 October 1856. They had five children:[2]
- George (23 July 1799 – 1883), a South Australian Colonisation Commissioner and lieutenant colonel in the Essex Yeomanry;
- William, Gresham Professor of Law;
- Francis, born 17 September 1810, also a barrister, 5 May 1837;
- Anna Maria, who died young; and
- Elizabeth, who, in 1830, married Robert Biddulph, M.P.
References
- ^ "Search Results for Palmer, George (1772–1853), merchant and philanthropist". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. 23 September 2004. Retrieved 9 December 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Lee, Sidney, ed. (1895). . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 43. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
- ^ a b "George Palmer: Profile & Legacies Summary". Legacies of British Slave-ownership. Retrieved 8 December 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f g "MP of the Month: George Palmer, a 'firm friend of the shipwrecked'". The Victorian Commons. 22 October 2014. Retrieved 8 December 2020.
- ^ "Palmer, George (1772-1853), commander of East India Company ship Boddam, businessman and politician". The National Archives. Retrieved 8 December 2020.
- ^ a b Adams, Peter (2013). Fatal Necessity: British Intervention in New Zealand, 1830–1847. BWB e-Book. Bridget Williams Books. p. 197. ISBN 978-1-927277-19-5. Retrieved 7 December 2020.
...first published in 1977.
- ^ McDonnell, Hilda (2002). "Chapter 3: The New Zealand Company of 1825". The Rosanna Settlers: with Captain Herd on the coast of New Zealand 1826-7. Wellington City Libraries. Retrieved 7 December 2020.
including Thomas Shepherd's Journal and his coastal views, The NZ Company of 1825.
- ^ Wakefield, Edward Jerningham (1845). Adventure in New Zealand, from 1839 to 1844: With Some Account of the Beginning of the British Colonization of the Islands. Adventure in New Zealand. John Murray. p. 4. Retrieved 7 December 2020.
Digitised 22 July 2009
- ^ Lifeboat Magazine Archive. "The Duke of Northumberland, K.G." The Lifeboat. Royal National Lifeboat Institution. 28 (303). September 1930. Retrieved 8 December 2020.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ "Timber Ships. (Hansard, 17 July 1839)". api.parliament.uk. Retrieved 8 December 2020.
- ^ "Timber Ships. (Hansard, 10 July 1840)". api.parliament.uk. Retrieved 8 December 2020.
Attribution
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Lee, Sidney, ed. (1895). "Palmer, George". Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 43. London: Smith, Elder & Co.