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Geoconservation

January 01, 1970

Geoconservation is the practice of recognising, protecting and managing sites and landscapes which have value for their geology or geomorphology.[1][2] The conservation of these geological sites is through government agencies and local geological societies in areas such as Europe and Africa.[3][4][5][6] The designation of these sites is done through an analysis of the site, and the production of proper management infrastructure. The principles of geoconservation are to create a means of protection for the sites, and assess their value to the geological community.[7][8][9][10][11] Typically the conservation of geodiversity at a site or within a landscape takes place alongside that of biodiversity.

In European countries edit

The state of geoconservation legislation in 37 countries in Europe was described by specialists in each country and published in Geoheritage in Europe and its conservation in 2012 by ProGEO (The European Association for the Conservation of the Geological Heritage, now, in 2023, the International Association for the Conservation of Geological Heritage).[12]

In the UK edit

In the late 1970s, the former Nature Conservancy Council initiated the Geological Conservation Review (GCR), a comprehensive assessment of the key geological and geomorphological sites within England, Scotland and Wales, a task which was largely completed by 1990. Over 3000 sites across Britain were identified and many are now designated as sites of special scientific interest (SSSIs), thus providing them with statutory protection. These geological SSSIs are now managed by the respective country nature conservation bodies; Natural England, NatureScot and Natural Resources Wales. A similar approach has been taken in Northern Ireland with the Earth Science Conservation Review (ESCR).[13]

Many thousands of geosites across Great Britain are given protection at a level below that afforded by SSSI status. Originally referred to as regionally important geological sites, the term 'Local Geological Sites' (or LoGS) is now in use for them in England and 'Local Geodiversity Sites' in Scotland, whilst in Wales, they are referred to as 'Regionally Important Geodiversity Sites' (or RIGS). Numerous local groups have been established to protect and conserve these sites, all coming under the 'umbrella organisation', GeoConservationUK.[14]

Principles and protected areas edit

The principles of geoconservation are to create an inventory of geoheritage sites, create an assessment of their value, manage their conservation, monitor the geoconserved sites and promote the sites through interpretation.[7][8] The geoconserved sites can be added to the inventory by field specialists who observe the site through surveying, mapping and field work. The site will be documented with the non-specialist landowners, rangers and protected area managers.[7]

The main objective of geoconservation is to protect the area that is to be conserved. This is done by assessing the value of the geological structures and composition of the site. The value of the site is based on the cultural and aesthetic value, the value for geotourism and biodiversity conservation.[9][10] The geomorphological sites to be conserved can be static features such as relict glacial landforms, or active features such as coastal and river landforms. An assessment of the management of the site can provide an idea of how to protect the site and to how the conservation of the site will be maintained.[9] The management of the site should include how suitable the area is to be a site of geotourism.[10] The management plan will give the practicality of the site, and will be used to assess how the site can be taken care of.

The geosites are zoned to provide proper management of the protected areas. The core areas are the places in the geoheritage site that are the most important for protection, and require the higher amounts of infrastructure. The buffer areas is the zone around the core areas that will support the core zone and be used for a wider range of activities. To maintain the protection and structure of the geoconservation area, site condition monitoring is performed to ensure this. Site condition monitoring is the assessment of the protocols that were set for the site, and an assessment to see if the conservation objectives are being met.[11] Regularly scheduled assessment of the site can ensure the proper management and conservation of the site.

In Africa edit

 
M'Goun Area in Morocco
 
Ngorongoro Lengai Area in Tanzania

The African continent has many sites that are in the process of becoming geoconserved sites. Africa shows many areas that are of geoheritage value, and these sites show different types of geoheritage value.[3] Many of the sites that are in the process of having geoconserved stars are along the coast of the continent, and in the southern and northern edges. The Geosciences and Geoparks Programme in the Natural Science Sector, has two geoparks listed for protection in Africa. There is the M'Goun UGGp in Morocco and the Ngorongoro Lengai UGGp in Tanzania.[3] These two geoparks only represent 1% of the available geosites that are listed as areas of needed conservation in Africa based on the World Heritage Sites under UNESCO.[3] Many of the available geoheritage sites in Africa do not have the government infrastructure to provide the necessary management and protection of the areas.[4]

An area in South Angola has been proposed as having a community-based protection of geoheritage sites. The Tudavala and Leba geosites are not under any current protection, but have recently been classified as an important cultural landscape by the government of Angola.[5] The proposed conservation model is to use the local community to conserve the area and help with protecting the geoheritage sites, instead of government based management.[5] A geosite in Madagascar is being used to test the ability of protection in geoparks through the infrastructure of Madagascar. Isalo Park is the pilot site that shows valuable geoheritage for the country of Madagascar, and with proper management can become a geoconserved site in the future.[6]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ "Geoconservation and Geodiversity". Edinburgh Geological Society. Retrieved 2023-04-19.
  2. ^ Burek, C. V.; Prosser, C. D. (January 2008). "The history of geoconservation: an introduction". Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 300 (1): 1–5. doi:10.1144/SP300.1. ISSN 0305-8719. S2CID 42483789.
  3. ^ a b c d Neto, K.; Henriques, M. H. (2022-10-01). "Geoconservation in Africa: State of the art and future challenges". Gondwana Research. 110: 107–113. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2022.05.022. hdl:10316/100833. ISSN 1342-937X. S2CID 249977369.
  4. ^ a b Reimold, Wolf Uwe (1999-10-01). "Geoconservation - a southern African and African perspective". Journal of African Earth Sciences. 29 (3): 469–483. doi:10.1016/S0899-5362(99)00110-4. ISSN 1464-343X.
  5. ^ a b c Tavares, Alexandre Oliveira; Henriques, Maria Helena; Domingos, Artur; Bala, Abel (May 2015). "Community Involvement in Geoconservation: A Conceptual Approach Based on the Geoheritage of South Angola". Sustainability. 7 (5): 4893–4918. doi:10.3390/su7054893. hdl:10316/36576. ISSN 2071-1050.
  6. ^ a b Raharimahefa, T. (2013). "Geoconservation and geodiversity for sustainable development in Madagascar". Madagascar Conservation & Development. 7 (3). doi:10.4314/MCD.V7I3.5. S2CID 129774561.
  7. ^ a b c Gordon, John E. (2019-12-01). "Geoconservation principles and protected area management". International Journal of Geoheritage and Parks. 7 (4): 199–210. doi:10.1016/j.ijgeop.2019.12.005. hdl:10023/19450. ISSN 2577-4441. S2CID 212957142.
  8. ^ a b Brilha, José (2016-06-01). "Inventory and Quantitative Assessment of Geosites and Geodiversity Sites: a Review". Geoheritage. 8 (2): 119–134. doi:10.1007/s12371-014-0139-3. hdl:1822/32896. ISSN 1867-2485. S2CID 55232122.
  9. ^ a b c Prosser, Colin D.; Díaz-Martínez, Enrique; Larwood, Jonathan G. (2018-01-01), Reynard, Emmanuel; Brilha, José (eds.), "Chapter 11 - The Conservation of Geosites: Principles and Practice", Geoheritage, Elsevier, pp. 193–212, ISBN 978-0-12-809531-7, retrieved 2023-04-12
  10. ^ a b c Brilha, José (September 2002). "Geoconservation and protected areas". Environmental Conservation. 29 (3): 273–276. doi:10.1017/S0376892902000188. hdl:1822/1247. ISSN 1469-4387. S2CID 129425938.
  11. ^ a b Crofts, Roger (2014-07-01). "Promoting geodiversity: learning lessons from biodiversity". Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. 125 (3): 263–266. doi:10.1016/j.pgeola.2014.03.002. ISSN 0016-7878.
  12. ^ W.A.P.Wimbledon; S.Smith-Meyer, eds. (2012). Geoheritage in Europe and its conservation. ProGEO. ISBN 978-82-426-2476-5.
  13. ^ "Geological conservation". JNCC. Retrieved 15 May 2021.
  14. ^ "About". GeoConservationUK. 11 February 2019. Retrieved 18 May 2021.

January 01, 1970
geoconservation, practice, recognising, protecting, managing, sites, landscapes, which, have, value, their, geology, geomorphology, conservation, these, geological, sites, through, government, agencies, local, geological, societies, areas, such, europe, africa. Geoconservation is the practice of recognising protecting and managing sites and landscapes which have value for their geology or geomorphology 1 2 The conservation of these geological sites is through government agencies and local geological societies in areas such as Europe and Africa 3 4 5 6 The designation of these sites is done through an analysis of the site and the production of proper management infrastructure The principles of geoconservation are to create a means of protection for the sites and assess their value to the geological community 7 8 9 10 11 Typically the conservation of geodiversity at a site or within a landscape takes place alongside that of biodiversity Contents 1 In European countries 2 In the UK 3 Principles and protected areas 4 In Africa 5 See also 6 ReferencesIn European countries editThe state of geoconservation legislation in 37 countries in Europe was described by specialists in each country and published in Geoheritage in Europe and its conservation in 2012 by ProGEO The European Association for the Conservation of the Geological Heritage now in 2023 the International Association for the Conservation of Geological Heritage 12 In the UK editIn the late 1970s the former Nature Conservancy Council initiated the Geological Conservation Review GCR a comprehensive assessment of the key geological and geomorphological sites within England Scotland and Wales a task which was largely completed by 1990 Over 3000 sites across Britain were identified and many are now designated as sites of special scientific interest SSSIs thus providing them with statutory protection These geological SSSIs are now managed by the respective country nature conservation bodies Natural England NatureScot and Natural Resources Wales A similar approach has been taken in Northern Ireland with the Earth Science Conservation Review ESCR 13 Many thousands of geosites across Great Britain are given protection at a level below that afforded by SSSI status Originally referred to as regionally important geological sites the term Local Geological Sites or LoGS is now in use for them in England and Local Geodiversity Sites in Scotland whilst in Wales they are referred to as Regionally Important Geodiversity Sites or RIGS Numerous local groups have been established to protect and conserve these sites all coming under the umbrella organisation GeoConservationUK 14 Principles and protected areas editThe principles of geoconservation are to create an inventory of geoheritage sites create an assessment of their value manage their conservation monitor the geoconserved sites and promote the sites through interpretation 7 8 The geoconserved sites can be added to the inventory by field specialists who observe the site through surveying mapping and field work The site will be documented with the non specialist landowners rangers and protected area managers 7 The main objective of geoconservation is to protect the area that is to be conserved This is done by assessing the value of the geological structures and composition of the site The value of the site is based on the cultural and aesthetic value the value for geotourism and biodiversity conservation 9 10 The geomorphological sites to be conserved can be static features such as relict glacial landforms or active features such as coastal and river landforms An assessment of the management of the site can provide an idea of how to protect the site and to how the conservation of the site will be maintained 9 The management of the site should include how suitable the area is to be a site of geotourism 10 The management plan will give the practicality of the site and will be used to assess how the site can be taken care of The geosites are zoned to provide proper management of the protected areas The core areas are the places in the geoheritage site that are the most important for protection and require the higher amounts of infrastructure The buffer areas is the zone around the core areas that will support the core zone and be used for a wider range of activities To maintain the protection and structure of the geoconservation area site condition monitoring is performed to ensure this Site condition monitoring is the assessment of the protocols that were set for the site and an assessment to see if the conservation objectives are being met 11 Regularly scheduled assessment of the site can ensure the proper management and conservation of the site In Africa edit nbsp M Goun Area in Morocco nbsp Ngorongoro Lengai Area in TanzaniaThe African continent has many sites that are in the process of becoming geoconserved sites Africa shows many areas that are of geoheritage value and these sites show different types of geoheritage value 3 Many of the sites that are in the process of having geoconserved stars are along the coast of the continent and in the southern and northern edges The Geosciences and Geoparks Programme in the Natural Science Sector has two geoparks listed for protection in Africa There is the M Goun UGGp in Morocco and the Ngorongoro Lengai UGGp in Tanzania 3 These two geoparks only represent 1 of the available geosites that are listed as areas of needed conservation in Africa based on the World Heritage Sites under UNESCO 3 Many of the available geoheritage sites in Africa do not have the government infrastructure to provide the necessary management and protection of the areas 4 An area in South Angola has been proposed as having a community based protection of geoheritage sites The Tudavala and Leba geosites are not under any current protection but have recently been classified as an important cultural landscape by the government of Angola 5 The proposed conservation model is to use the local community to conserve the area and help with protecting the geoheritage sites instead of government based management 5 A geosite in Madagascar is being used to test the ability of protection in geoparks through the infrastructure of Madagascar Isalo Park is the pilot site that shows valuable geoheritage for the country of Madagascar and with proper management can become a geoconserved site in the future 6 See also editGeoparkReferences edit Geoconservation and Geodiversity Edinburgh Geological Society Retrieved 2023 04 19 Burek C V Prosser C D January 2008 The history of geoconservation an introduction Geological Society London Special Publications 300 1 1 5 doi 10 1144 SP300 1 ISSN 0305 8719 S2CID 42483789 a b c d Neto K Henriques M H 2022 10 01 Geoconservation in Africa State of the art and future challenges Gondwana Research 110 107 113 doi 10 1016 j gr 2022 05 022 hdl 10316 100833 ISSN 1342 937X S2CID 249977369 a b Reimold Wolf Uwe 1999 10 01 Geoconservation a southern African and African perspective Journal of African Earth Sciences 29 3 469 483 doi 10 1016 S0899 5362 99 00110 4 ISSN 1464 343X a b c Tavares Alexandre Oliveira Henriques Maria Helena Domingos Artur Bala Abel May 2015 Community Involvement in Geoconservation A Conceptual Approach Based on the Geoheritage of South Angola Sustainability 7 5 4893 4918 doi 10 3390 su7054893 hdl 10316 36576 ISSN 2071 1050 a b Raharimahefa T 2013 Geoconservation and geodiversity for sustainable development in Madagascar Madagascar Conservation amp Development 7 3 doi 10 4314 MCD V7I3 5 S2CID 129774561 a b c Gordon John E 2019 12 01 Geoconservation principles and protected area management International Journal of Geoheritage and Parks 7 4 199 210 doi 10 1016 j ijgeop 2019 12 005 hdl 10023 19450 ISSN 2577 4441 S2CID 212957142 a b Brilha Jose 2016 06 01 Inventory and Quantitative Assessment of Geosites and Geodiversity Sites a Review Geoheritage 8 2 119 134 doi 10 1007 s12371 014 0139 3 hdl 1822 32896 ISSN 1867 2485 S2CID 55232122 a b c Prosser Colin D Diaz Martinez Enrique Larwood Jonathan G 2018 01 01 Reynard Emmanuel Brilha Jose eds Chapter 11 The Conservation of Geosites Principles and Practice Geoheritage Elsevier pp 193 212 ISBN 978 0 12 809531 7 retrieved 2023 04 12 a b c Brilha Jose September 2002 Geoconservation and protected areas Environmental Conservation 29 3 273 276 doi 10 1017 S0376892902000188 hdl 1822 1247 ISSN 1469 4387 S2CID 129425938 a b Crofts Roger 2014 07 01 Promoting geodiversity learning lessons from biodiversity Proceedings of the Geologists Association 125 3 263 266 doi 10 1016 j pgeola 2014 03 002 ISSN 0016 7878 W A P Wimbledon S Smith Meyer eds 2012 Geoheritage in Europe and its conservation ProGEO ISBN 978 82 426 2476 5 Geological conservation JNCC Retrieved 15 May 2021 About GeoConservationUK 11 February 2019 Retrieved 18 May 2021 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Geoconservation amp oldid 1219613057, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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