Let be a fibered manifold with local fibered coordinates . Every automorphism of is projected onto a diffeomorphism of its base . However, the converse is not true. A diffeomorphism of need not give rise to an automorphism of .
on . This vector field is projected onto a vector field on , whose flow is a one-parameter group of diffeomorphisms of . Conversely, let be a vector field on . There is a problem of constructing its lift to a projectable vector field on projected onto . Such a lift always exists, but it need not be canonical. Given a connection on , every vector field on gives rise to the horizontal vector field
on . This horizontal lift yields a monomorphism of the -module of vector fields on to the -module of vector fields on , but this monomorphisms is not a Lie algebra morphism, unless is flat.
However, there is a category of above mentioned natural bundles which admit the functorial lift onto of any vector field on such that is a Lie algebra monomorphism
This functorial lift is an infinitesimal general covariant transformation of .
In a general setting, one considers a monomorphism of a group of diffeomorphisms of to a group of bundle automorphisms of a natural bundle . Automorphisms are called the general covariant transformations of . For instance, no vertical automorphism of is a general covariant transformation.
Natural bundles are exemplified by tensor bundles. For instance, the tangent bundle of is a natural bundle. Every diffeomorphism of gives rise to the tangent automorphism of which is a general covariant transformation of . With respect to the holonomic coordinates on , this transformation reads
A frame bundle of linear tangent frames in also is a natural bundle. General covariant transformations constitute a subgroup of holonomic automorphisms of . All bundles associated with a frame bundle are natural. However, there are natural bundles which are not associated with .
Saunders, D.J. (1989), The geometry of jet bundles, Cambridge University Press, ISBN0-521-36948-7
December 15, 2023
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This article includes a list of references related reading or external links but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations July 2013 Learn how and when to remove this template message In physics general covariant transformations are symmetries of gravitation theory on a world manifold X displaystyle X They are gauge transformations whose parameter functions are vector fields on X displaystyle X From the physical viewpoint general covariant transformations are treated as particular holonomic reference frame transformations in general relativity In mathematics general covariant transformations are defined as particular automorphisms of so called natural fiber bundles Mathematical definition editLet p Y X displaystyle pi Y to X nbsp be a fibered manifold with local fibered coordinates x l y i displaystyle x lambda y i nbsp Every automorphism of Y displaystyle Y nbsp is projected onto a diffeomorphism of its base X displaystyle X nbsp However the converse is not true A diffeomorphism of X displaystyle X nbsp need not give rise to an automorphism of Y displaystyle Y nbsp In particular an infinitesimal generator of a one parameter Lie group of automorphisms of Y displaystyle Y nbsp is a projectable vector field u u l x m l u i x m y j i displaystyle u u lambda x mu partial lambda u i x mu y j partial i nbsp on Y displaystyle Y nbsp This vector field is projected onto a vector field t u l l displaystyle tau u lambda partial lambda nbsp on X displaystyle X nbsp whose flow is a one parameter group of diffeomorphisms of X displaystyle X nbsp Conversely let t t l l displaystyle tau tau lambda partial lambda nbsp be a vector field on X displaystyle X nbsp There is a problem of constructing its lift to a projectable vector field on Y displaystyle Y nbsp projected onto t displaystyle tau nbsp Such a lift always exists but it need not be canonical Given a connection G displaystyle Gamma nbsp on Y displaystyle Y nbsp every vector field t displaystyle tau nbsp on X displaystyle X nbsp gives rise to the horizontal vector field G t t l l G l i i displaystyle Gamma tau tau lambda partial lambda Gamma lambda i partial i nbsp on Y displaystyle Y nbsp This horizontal lift t G t displaystyle tau to Gamma tau nbsp yields a monomorphism of the C X displaystyle C infty X nbsp module of vector fields on X displaystyle X nbsp to the C Y displaystyle C infty Y nbsp module of vector fields on Y displaystyle Y nbsp but this monomorphisms is not a Lie algebra morphism unless G displaystyle Gamma nbsp is flat However there is a category of above mentioned natural bundles T X displaystyle T to X nbsp which admit the functorial lift t displaystyle widetilde tau nbsp onto T displaystyle T nbsp of any vector field t displaystyle tau nbsp on X displaystyle X nbsp such that t t displaystyle tau to widetilde tau nbsp is a Lie algebra monomorphism t t t t displaystyle widetilde tau widetilde tau widetilde tau tau nbsp This functorial lift t displaystyle widetilde tau nbsp is an infinitesimal general covariant transformation of T displaystyle T nbsp In a general setting one considers a monomorphism f f displaystyle f to widetilde f nbsp of a group of diffeomorphisms of X displaystyle X nbsp to a group of bundle automorphisms of a natural bundle T X displaystyle T to X nbsp Automorphisms f displaystyle widetilde f nbsp are called the general covariant transformations of T displaystyle T nbsp For instance no vertical automorphism of T displaystyle T nbsp is a general covariant transformation Natural bundles are exemplified by tensor bundles For instance the tangent bundle T X displaystyle TX nbsp of X displaystyle X nbsp is a natural bundle Every diffeomorphism f displaystyle f nbsp of X displaystyle X nbsp gives rise to the tangent automorphism f T f displaystyle widetilde f Tf nbsp of T X displaystyle TX nbsp which is a general covariant transformation of T X displaystyle TX nbsp With respect to the holonomic coordinates x l x l displaystyle x lambda dot x lambda nbsp on T X displaystyle TX nbsp this transformation reads x m x m x n x n displaystyle dot x mu frac partial x mu partial x nu dot x nu nbsp A frame bundle F X displaystyle FX nbsp of linear tangent frames in T X displaystyle TX nbsp also is a natural bundle General covariant transformations constitute a subgroup of holonomic automorphisms of F X displaystyle FX nbsp All bundles associated with a frame bundle are natural However there are natural bundles which are not associated with F X displaystyle FX nbsp See also editGeneral covariance Gauge gravitation theory Fibered manifoldReferences editKolar I Michor P Slovak J Natural operations in differential geometry Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1993 ISBN 3 540 56235 4 ISBN 0 387 56235 4 Sardanashvily G Advanced Differential Geometry for Theoreticians Fiber bundles jet manifolds and Lagrangian theory Lambert Academic Publishing Saarbrucken 2013 ISBN 978 3 659 37815 7 arXiv 0908 1886 Saunders D J 1989 The geometry of jet bundles Cambridge University Press ISBN 0 521 36948 7 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title General covariant transformations amp oldid 1099967016, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,