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Wikipedia

Galectin-1

Galectin-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LGALS1 gene.[5][6]

LGALS1
Available structures
PDBOrtholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
AliasesLGALS1, GAL1, GBP, galectin 1
External IDsOMIM: 150570 MGI: 96777 HomoloGene: 7399 GeneCards: LGALS1
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_002305

NM_008495

RefSeq (protein)

NP_002296

NP_032521

Location (UCSC)Chr 22: 37.68 – 37.68 MbChr 15: 78.81 – 78.81 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Gene and protein edit

LGALS1 contains four exons. The galectin-1 protein is 135 amino acids in length and highly conserved across species. It can be found in the nucleus, the cytoplasm, the cell surface and in the extracellular space. Galectins in general lack a traditional signal sequence, but are still secreted across the plasma membrane. This non-traditional secretion requires a functional glycan binding site. Galectin 1 contains a single carbohydrate recognition domain through which it can bind glycans both as a monomer and as a homodimer. Dimers are non-covalently bound and will spontaneously disassociate in low concentration.[7] Galectin 1 does not bind glycans when oxidized.[8] Having 6 cysteine residues, the oxidation state has a significant effect on the protein structure. The oxidized form is reported to have alternative functions not involving carbohydrate binding.[9]

Function edit

The galectins are a family of beta-galactoside-binding proteins implicated in modulating cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. Galectin-1 may act as an autocrine negative growth factor that regulates cell proliferation.[10] Galectin-1 expression in Hodgkin Lymphoma has also been shown to mediate immunosuppression of CD8+ T-cells.[11]

It has been linked to the inflammatory process in HIV individuals, and some research suggest that Gal-1 could be related to the HIV-1 latency.[12]

Role in pregnancy edit

Galectin-1 is thought to play a role in creating immune tolerance in pregnancy.[13] Galectin-1 is expressed by the endometrial stromal cells throughout the menstrual cycle, however significantly increases during implantation. Galectin-1 induces the differentiation of Dendritic cells towards a phenotype which dampens T helper 1 cells and T helper 17 cells and dampens inflammation via interleukin-10 and interleukin-27.[14] It also plays a role in the formation and expression of HLA-G in the syncytium.[15]

Interactions edit

LGALS1 has been shown to interact with GEMIN4[16] HRAS.[17]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000100097 - Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000068220 - Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ^ Gitt MA, Barondes SH (January 1991). "Genomic sequence and organization of two members of a human lectin gene family". Biochemistry. 30 (1): 82–89. doi:10.1021/bi00215a013. PMID 1988031.
  6. ^ Gauthier L, Rossi B, Roux F, Termine E, Schiff C (October 2002). "Galectin-1 is a stromal cell ligand of the pre-B cell receptor (BCR) implicated in synapse formation between pre-B and stromal cells and in pre-BCR triggering". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 99 (20): 13014–13019. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9913014G. doi:10.1073/pnas.202323999. PMC 130578. PMID 12271131.
  7. ^ Cho M, Cummings RD (March 1995). "Galectin-1, a beta-galactoside-binding lectin in Chinese hamster ovary cells. I. Physical and chemical characterization". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 270 (10): 5198–5206. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.10.5198. PMID 7890630.
  8. ^ Outenreath RL, Jones AL (November 1992). "Influence of an endogenous lectin substrate on cultured dorsal root ganglion cells". Journal of Neurocytology. 21 (11): 788–795. doi:10.1007/bf01237904. PMID 1431997. S2CID 20883530.
  9. ^ Kadoya T, Horie H (June 2005). "Structural and functional studies of galectin-1: a novel axonal regeneration-promoting activity for oxidized galectin-1". Current Drug Targets. 6 (4): 375–383. doi:10.2174/1389450054022007. PMID 16026256.
  10. ^ "Entrez Gene: LGALS1 lectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 1 (galectin 1)".
  11. ^ Gandhi MK, Moll G, Smith C, Dua U, Lambley E, Ramuz O, et al. (August 2007). "Galectin-1 mediated suppression of Epstein-Barr virus specific T-cell immunity in classic Hodgkin lymphoma". Blood. 110 (4): 1326–1329. doi:10.1182/blood-2007-01-066100. PMC 1939905. PMID 17438085.
  12. ^ Rubione J, Pérez PS, Czernikier A, Duette GA, Pereyra Gerber FP, Salido J, et al. (August 2022). "A Dynamic Interplay of Circulating Extracellular Vesicles and Galectin-1 Reprograms Viral Latency during HIV-1 Infection". mBio. 13 (4): e0061122. doi:10.1128/mbio.00611-22. PMC 9426495. PMID 35943163. S2CID 251407421.
  13. ^ Munoz-Suano A, Hamilton AB, Betz AG (May 2011). "Gimme shelter: the immune system during pregnancy". Immunological Reviews. 241 (1): 20–38. doi:10.1111/j.1600-065X.2011.01002.x. PMID 21488887. S2CID 46696092.
  14. ^ Ilarregui JM, Croci DO, Bianco GA, Toscano MA, Salatino M, Vermeulen ME, et al. (September 2009). "Tolerogenic signals delivered by dendritic cells to T cells through a galectin-1-driven immunoregulatory circuit involving interleukin 27 and interleukin 10". Nature Immunology. 10 (9): 981–991. doi:10.1038/ni.1772. hdl:11336/78711. PMID 19668220. S2CID 24418718.
  15. ^ Comninos AN, Jayasena CN, Dhillo WS (2014). "The relationship between gut and adipose hormones, and reproduction". Human Reproduction Update. 20 (2): 153–174. doi:10.1093/humupd/dmt033. PMID 24173881.
  16. ^ Park JW, Voss PG, Grabski S, Wang JL, Patterson RJ (September 2001). "Association of galectin-1 and galectin-3 with Gemin4 in complexes containing the SMN protein". Nucleic Acids Research. 29 (17): 3595–3602. doi:10.1093/nar/29.17.3595. PMC 55878. PMID 11522829.
  17. ^ Paz A, Haklai R, Elad-Sfadia G, Ballan E, Kloog Y (November 2001). "Galectin-1 binds oncogenic H-Ras to mediate Ras membrane anchorage and cell transformation". Oncogene. 20 (51): 7486–7493. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1204950. PMID 11709720.

Further reading edit

  • Barondes SH, Cooper DN, Gitt MA, Leffler H (August 1994). "Galectins. Structure and function of a large family of animal lectins". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 269 (33): 20807–20810. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(17)31891-4. PMID 8063692.

galectin, protein, that, humans, encoded, lgals1, gene, lgals1available, structurespdbortholog, search, pdbe, rcsblist, codes1gzw, 1w6m, 1w6n, 1w6o, 1w6p, 1w6q, 2km2, 2zkn, 3oy8, 3oyw, 3t2t, 3w58, 3w59, 4xbl, 4q27, 4q1r, 4q1p, 4q2f, 4q26, 4y24, 4y1z, 4y22, 4y2. Galectin 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LGALS1 gene 5 6 LGALS1Available structuresPDBOrtholog search PDBe RCSBList of PDB id codes1GZW 1W6M 1W6N 1W6O 1W6P 1W6Q 2KM2 2ZKN 3OY8 3OYW 3T2T 3W58 3W59 4XBL 4Q27 4Q1R 4Q1P 4Q2F 4Q26 4Y24 4Y1Z 4Y22 4Y20 4Y1U 4Y1X 4Y1Y 4Y1VIdentifiersAliasesLGALS1 GAL1 GBP galectin 1External IDsOMIM 150570 MGI 96777 HomoloGene 7399 GeneCards LGALS1Gene location Human Chr Chromosome 22 human 1 Band22q13 1Start37 675 636 bp 1 End37 679 802 bp 1 Gene location Mouse Chr Chromosome 15 mouse 2 Band15 E1 15 37 7 cMStart78 810 925 bp 2 End78 814 665 bp 2 RNA expression patternBgeeHumanMouse ortholog Top expressed instromal cell of endometriumascending aortaspinal gangliaperiodontal fibermyometriumleft coronary arterytrigeminal ganglionright coronary arterysmooth muscle tissueabdominal fatTop expressed indermisvas deferensinternal carotid arterycalvariacondyleascending aortaexternal carotid arteryfossasemi lunar valvefacial motor nucleusMore reference expression dataBioGPSMore reference expression dataGene ontologyMolecular functionprotein homodimerization activity lactose binding signal transducer activity laminin binding carbohydrate binding RNA binding protein bindingCellular componentcytoplasm extracellular matrix intracellular anatomical structure cell surface extracellular exosome nucleus extracellular space cytosol endoplasmic reticulum lumen extracellular regionBiological processnegative regulation of cell substrate adhesion regulation of apoptotic process negative regulation of neuron projection development T cell costimulation cellular response to organic cyclic compound positive regulation of viral entry into host cell plasma cell differentiation positive regulation of erythrocyte aggregation response to axon injury positive regulation of I kappaB kinase NF kappaB signaling positive regulation of dendritic cell differentiation myoblast differentiation cellular response to glucose stimulus apoptotic process signal transduction response to isolation stress post translational protein modificationSources Amigo QuickGOOrthologsSpeciesHumanMouseEntrez395616852EnsemblENSG00000100097ENSMUSG00000068220UniProtP09382P16045RefSeq mRNA NM 002305NM 008495RefSeq protein NP 002296NP 032521Location UCSC Chr 22 37 68 37 68 MbChr 15 78 81 78 81 MbPubMed search 3 4 WikidataView Edit HumanView Edit Mouse Contents 1 Gene and protein 2 Function 3 Role in pregnancy 4 Interactions 5 See also 6 References 7 Further readingGene and protein editLGALS1 contains four exons The galectin 1 protein is 135 amino acids in length and highly conserved across species It can be found in the nucleus the cytoplasm the cell surface and in the extracellular space Galectins in general lack a traditional signal sequence but are still secreted across the plasma membrane This non traditional secretion requires a functional glycan binding site Galectin 1 contains a single carbohydrate recognition domain through which it can bind glycans both as a monomer and as a homodimer Dimers are non covalently bound and will spontaneously disassociate in low concentration 7 Galectin 1 does not bind glycans when oxidized 8 Having 6 cysteine residues the oxidation state has a significant effect on the protein structure The oxidized form is reported to have alternative functions not involving carbohydrate binding 9 Function editThe galectins are a family of beta galactoside binding proteins implicated in modulating cell cell and cell matrix interactions Galectin 1 may act as an autocrine negative growth factor that regulates cell proliferation 10 Galectin 1 expression in Hodgkin Lymphoma has also been shown to mediate immunosuppression of CD8 T cells 11 It has been linked to the inflammatory process in HIV individuals and some research suggest that Gal 1 could be related to the HIV 1 latency 12 Role in pregnancy editGalectin 1 is thought to play a role in creating immune tolerance in pregnancy 13 Galectin 1 is expressed by the endometrial stromal cells throughout the menstrual cycle however significantly increases during implantation Galectin 1 induces the differentiation of Dendritic cells towards a phenotype which dampens T helper 1 cells and T helper 17 cells and dampens inflammation via interleukin 10 and interleukin 27 14 It also plays a role in the formation and expression of HLA G in the syncytium 15 Interactions editLGALS1 has been shown to interact with GEMIN4 16 HRAS 17 See also editGalectinReferences edit a b c GRCh38 Ensembl release 89 ENSG00000100097 Ensembl May 2017 a b c GRCm38 Ensembl release 89 ENSMUSG00000068220 Ensembl May 2017 Human PubMed Reference National Center for Biotechnology Information U S National Library of Medicine Mouse PubMed Reference National Center for Biotechnology Information U S National Library of Medicine Gitt MA Barondes SH January 1991 Genomic sequence and organization of two members of a human lectin gene family Biochemistry 30 1 82 89 doi 10 1021 bi00215a013 PMID 1988031 Gauthier L Rossi B Roux F Termine E Schiff C October 2002 Galectin 1 is a stromal cell ligand of the pre B cell receptor BCR implicated in synapse formation between pre B and stromal cells and in pre BCR triggering Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 99 20 13014 13019 Bibcode 2002PNAS 9913014G doi 10 1073 pnas 202323999 PMC 130578 PMID 12271131 Cho M Cummings RD March 1995 Galectin 1 a beta galactoside binding lectin in Chinese hamster ovary cells I Physical and chemical characterization The Journal of Biological Chemistry 270 10 5198 5206 doi 10 1074 jbc 270 10 5198 PMID 7890630 Outenreath RL Jones AL November 1992 Influence of an endogenous lectin substrate on cultured dorsal root ganglion cells Journal of Neurocytology 21 11 788 795 doi 10 1007 bf01237904 PMID 1431997 S2CID 20883530 Kadoya T Horie H June 2005 Structural and functional studies of galectin 1 a novel axonal regeneration promoting activity for oxidized galectin 1 Current Drug Targets 6 4 375 383 doi 10 2174 1389450054022007 PMID 16026256 Entrez Gene LGALS1 lectin galactoside binding soluble 1 galectin 1 Gandhi MK Moll G Smith C Dua U Lambley E Ramuz O et al August 2007 Galectin 1 mediated suppression of Epstein Barr virus specific T cell immunity in classic Hodgkin lymphoma Blood 110 4 1326 1329 doi 10 1182 blood 2007 01 066100 PMC 1939905 PMID 17438085 Rubione J Perez PS Czernikier A Duette GA Pereyra Gerber FP Salido J et al August 2022 A Dynamic Interplay of Circulating Extracellular Vesicles and Galectin 1 Reprograms Viral Latency during HIV 1 Infection mBio 13 4 e0061122 doi 10 1128 mbio 00611 22 PMC 9426495 PMID 35943163 S2CID 251407421 Munoz Suano A Hamilton AB Betz AG May 2011 Gimme shelter the immune system during pregnancy Immunological Reviews 241 1 20 38 doi 10 1111 j 1600 065X 2011 01002 x PMID 21488887 S2CID 46696092 Ilarregui JM Croci DO Bianco GA Toscano MA Salatino M Vermeulen ME et al September 2009 Tolerogenic signals delivered by dendritic cells to T cells through a galectin 1 driven immunoregulatory circuit involving interleukin 27 and interleukin 10 Nature Immunology 10 9 981 991 doi 10 1038 ni 1772 hdl 11336 78711 PMID 19668220 S2CID 24418718 Comninos AN Jayasena CN Dhillo WS 2014 The relationship between gut and adipose hormones and reproduction Human Reproduction Update 20 2 153 174 doi 10 1093 humupd dmt033 PMID 24173881 Park JW Voss PG Grabski S Wang JL Patterson RJ September 2001 Association of galectin 1 and galectin 3 with Gemin4 in complexes containing the SMN protein Nucleic Acids Research 29 17 3595 3602 doi 10 1093 nar 29 17 3595 PMC 55878 PMID 11522829 Paz A Haklai R Elad Sfadia G Ballan E Kloog Y November 2001 Galectin 1 binds oncogenic H Ras to mediate Ras membrane anchorage and cell transformation Oncogene 20 51 7486 7493 doi 10 1038 sj onc 1204950 PMID 11709720 Further reading editBarondes SH Cooper DN Gitt MA Leffler H August 1994 Galectins Structure and function of a large family of animal lectins The Journal of Biological Chemistry 269 33 20807 20810 doi 10 1016 S0021 9258 17 31891 4 PMID 8063692 nbsp This article on a gene on human chromosome 22 is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Galectin 1 amp oldid 1186064945, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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