Gadolinium-doped ceria (GDC) (known alternatively as gadolinia-doped ceria, gadolinium-doped cerium oxide (GCO), cerium-gadolinium oxide (CGO), or cerium(IV) oxide, gadolinium-doped, formula Gd:CeO2) is a ceramic electrolyte used in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). It has a cubic structure and a density of around 7.2 g/cm3 in its oxidised form.[1] It is one of a class of ceria-doped electrolytes with higher ionic conductivity and lower operating temperatures (<700 °C) than those of yttria-stabilized zirconia,[2] the material most commonly used in SOFCs. Because YSZ requires operating temperatures of 800–1000 °C to achieve maximal ionic conductivity, the associated energy and costs make GDC a more optimal (even "irreplaceable",[3] according to researchers from the Fraunhofer Society) material for commercially viable SOFCs.
Oxygen vacancies are created when gadolinium (a trivalent cation) is introduced into ceria (CeO2, with Ce in the 4+ oxidation state) or on reduction in CO or H2.[1] The high concentration and mobility of the oxide ion vacancies results in a high ionic conductivity in this material. In addition to its high ionic conductivity GDC is an attractive alternative to YSZ as an electrolyte due to low reactivity and good chemical compatibility with many mixed conducting cathode materials.[4] Dopant levels of Gd typically range from 10% to 20%. The majority of SOFC researchers and manufacturers still favor the use of YSZ over CGO due to YSZ having superior strength and because GDC will reduce at high temperature when exposed to H2 or CO.[1]
^ abcBadwal, S. P. S.; Fini, D.; Ciacchi, F. T.; Munnings, C.; Kimpton, J. A.; Drennan, J. (2013). "Structural and microstructural stability of ceria – gadolinia electrolyte exposed to reducing environments of high temperature fuel cells". Journal of Materials Chemistry A. 1 (36): 10768. doi:10.1039/c3ta11752a.
^"Gadolinia doped Ceria GDC | AMERICAN ELEMENTS ® Supplier & Info". Americanelements.com. 2010-08-24. Retrieved 2013-08-16.
^Garche, Jurgen. et al., ed. Encyclopedia of Electrochemical Power Sources. Oxford: Newnes, 2009.
^"Comparative Study for Average Crystallite Size of gadolinium doped-ceria synthesized by different methods" (PDF). Sbpmat.org.br. Retrieved 2013-08-16.
^"Fabrication of 10%Gd-doped ceria (GDC)/NiO-GDC half cell for low or intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells using spray pyrolysis". Retrieved 2013-08-16.
^Luo, Dan; Luo, Zhongyang; Yu, Chunjiang; Cen, Kefa (2007). "Study on Agglomeration and Densification Behaviors of Gadolinium-Doped Ceria Ceramics". Journal of Rare Earths. 25 (2): 163–167. doi:10.1016/S1002-0721(07)60066-0.
^ abRossinyol, Emma, et al. "Gadolinium Doped Ceria Nanocrystals Synthesized From Mesoporous Silica." J Nanopart Res (2008) 10:369–375 doi:10.1007/s11051-007-9257-z
^Halmenschlager, C. M.; Neagu, R.; Rose, L.; Malfatti, C. F.; Bergmann, C. P. (2013-02-01). "Influence of the process parameters on the spray pyrolysis technique, on the synthesis of gadolinium doped-ceria thin film". Materials Research Bulletin. 48 (2): 207–213. doi:10.1016/j.materresbull.2012.09.073. ISSN 0025-5408.
^Bocchetta, Patrizia; Santamaria, Monica; Di Quarto, Francesco (2012). "Electrodeposition of Supported Gadolinium-Doped Ceria Solid Solution Nanowires". Journal of the Electrochemical Society. 159 (5). Jes.ecsdl.org: E108–E114. doi:10.1149/2.005206jes.
April 12, 2024
gadolinium, doped, ceria, known, alternatively, gadolinia, doped, ceria, gadolinium, doped, cerium, oxide, cerium, gadolinium, oxide, cerium, oxide, gadolinium, doped, formula, ceo2, ceramic, electrolyte, used, solid, oxide, fuel, cells, sofcs, cubic, structur. Gadolinium doped ceria GDC known alternatively as gadolinia doped ceria gadolinium doped cerium oxide GCO cerium gadolinium oxide CGO or cerium IV oxide gadolinium doped formula Gd CeO2 is a ceramic electrolyte used in solid oxide fuel cells SOFCs It has a cubic structure and a density of around 7 2 g cm3 in its oxidised form 1 It is one of a class of ceria doped electrolytes with higher ionic conductivity and lower operating temperatures lt 700 C than those of yttria stabilized zirconia 2 the material most commonly used in SOFCs Because YSZ requires operating temperatures of 800 1000 C to achieve maximal ionic conductivity the associated energy and costs make GDC a more optimal even irreplaceable 3 according to researchers from the Fraunhofer Society material for commercially viable SOFCs Contents 1 Structure and properties 2 Synthesis 3 Applications 4 See also 5 ReferencesStructure and properties editOxygen vacancies are created when gadolinium a trivalent cation is introduced into ceria CeO2 with Ce in the 4 oxidation state or on reduction in CO or H2 1 The high concentration and mobility of the oxide ion vacancies results in a high ionic conductivity in this material In addition to its high ionic conductivity GDC is an attractive alternative to YSZ as an electrolyte due to low reactivity and good chemical compatibility with many mixed conducting cathode materials 4 Dopant levels of Gd typically range from 10 to 20 The majority of SOFC researchers and manufacturers still favor the use of YSZ over CGO due to YSZ having superior strength and because GDC will reduce at high temperature when exposed to H2 or CO 1 Synthesis editMethods of synthesis have included precipitation 5 hydrothermal treatment sol gel spray pyrolysis technique SPT 6 combustion 7 and nanocasting 8 using cerium sources such as cerium nitrate ceric ammonium nitrate 9 cerium oxalate cerium carbonate and cerium hydroxide 8 GDC has been synthesized in such forms as powder ink discs and nanomaterials including nanoparticle nanocrystals nanopowder and nanowires 10 Applications editAside from SOFCs GDC has other uses As an oxygen sensor In catalytic treatment of automobile exhaust fumes citation needed See also editCerium IV oxide Solid oxide fuel cellReferences edit a b c Badwal S P S Fini D Ciacchi F T Munnings C Kimpton J A Drennan J 2013 Structural and microstructural stability of ceria gadolinia electrolyte exposed to reducing environments of high temperature fuel cells Journal of Materials Chemistry A 1 36 10768 doi 10 1039 c3ta11752a Gadolinia doped Ceria GDC AMERICAN ELEMENTS Supplier amp Info Americanelements com 2010 08 24 Retrieved 2013 08 16 Publica Publica fraunhofer de Retrieved 2013 08 16 Garche Jurgen et al ed Encyclopedia of Electrochemical Power Sources Oxford Newnes 2009 Comparative Study for Average Crystallite Size of gadolinium doped ceria synthesized by different methods PDF Sbpmat org br Retrieved 2013 08 16 Fabrication of 10 Gd doped ceria GDC NiO GDC half cell for low or intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells using spray pyrolysis Retrieved 2013 08 16 Luo Dan Luo Zhongyang Yu Chunjiang Cen Kefa 2007 Study on Agglomeration and Densification Behaviors of Gadolinium Doped Ceria Ceramics Journal of Rare Earths 25 2 163 167 doi 10 1016 S1002 0721 07 60066 0 a b Rossinyol Emma et al Gadolinium Doped Ceria Nanocrystals Synthesized From Mesoporous Silica J Nanopart Res 2008 10 369 375 doi 10 1007 s11051 007 9257 z Halmenschlager C M Neagu R Rose L Malfatti C F Bergmann C P 2013 02 01 Influence of the process parameters on the spray pyrolysis technique on the synthesis of gadolinium doped ceria thin film Materials Research Bulletin 48 2 207 213 doi 10 1016 j materresbull 2012 09 073 ISSN 0025 5408 Bocchetta Patrizia Santamaria Monica Di Quarto Francesco 2012 Electrodeposition of Supported Gadolinium Doped Ceria Solid Solution Nanowires Journal of the Electrochemical Society 159 5 Jes ecsdl org E108 E114 doi 10 1149 2 005206jes Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Gadolinium doped ceria amp oldid 1193594287, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
