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Gabrielius Landsbergis-Žemkalnis

May 20, 2024

Gabrielius Landsbergis-Žemkalnis (Polish: Gabryel Landsberg; 1852–1916) was a Lithuanian playwright and activists of the early Lithuanian amateur theater.

Gabrielius Landsbergis-Žemkalnis
Postcard published by the bookstore of Marija Šlapelienė [lt]
Born(1852-02-02)2 February 1852
Birželiai [lt], Russian Empire
Died28 August 1916(1916-08-28) (aged 64)
Vilnius
Burial placeRasos Cemetery
NationalityLithuanian
Other namesGabrielius Landsbergis
Gabrielius Žemkalnis
Alma materŠiauliai Gymnasium
Moscow University
Board member ofKanklės of Vilnius Society
ChildrenVytautas Landsbergis-Žemkalnis

Born to an old noble family, Landsbergis attended Šiauliai Gymnasium where his friend Petras Vileišis encouraged him to speak Lithuanian and support the Lithuanian National Revival. After finishing a telegraph school in Riga in 1871, he worked at the telegraph offices in Moscow and Crimea. He returned to Lithuania in 1884 and joined the Lithuanian cultural life. He contributed articles to the illegal Lithuanian periodicals Varpas and Ūkininkas and his house was a gathering place of many Lithuanian intellectuals. Due to these activities, he was forced to leave Lithuania in 1894 but continued to maintain contacts with Lithuanian activists. He was arrested and imprisoned for ten weeks in 1900 and sentenced to two years of exile in Smolensk in 1902. He returned in 1904 and became administrator of Vilniaus žinios, the first legal Lithuanian daily established by Petras Vileišis. At the same time, Landsbergis devoted his energy to the Lithuanian amateur theater. He was a director, actor, playwright, critic of many of the early performances. He founded and chaired the Kanklės of Vilnius Society and was active in the Rūta Society in Vilnius, Daina Society in Kaunas, and Varpas Society in Šiauliai. All of these societies organized Lithuanian theater performances, concerts, other cultural evenings. In total, he directed or played a role in more than 130 plays.[1] Landsbergis also wrote several plays, mostly simple comedies that were well suited for the amateur theater. His most important works were a drama about Lithuanian folk hero Tadas Blinda (1907) and melodrama about Grand Duchess Birutė (1906) which was later adapted into the first Lithuanian opera Birutė.

Biography edit

Early life and education edit

Landsbergis hailed from an old German Landsberg family that traced its roots to a ministerialis who lived in 1055 at the Werden Abbey.[2] Their last name comes the Landsberg Castle [de] in the Duchy of Berg which translates as "land mountain". Landsbergis translated the name to Lithuanian and used Žemkalnis as his last name from around 1890.[2]

Landsbergis was born in the family manor in Birželiai [lt] near Pumpėnai to Wincenty Landsberg and Rozalia Jasińska.[3] His father died in 1857 leaving the family in a difficult financial situation; they relied on assistance provided by a local nobility committee.[2] His family, including his mother, two elder brothers, and two uncles, participated in the Uprising of 1863. At the age of 10, Landsbergis moved to Mitau (Jelgava) and later attended Šiauliai Gymnasium but did not finish it. At the gymnasium, he became friends with Petras Vileišis who encouraged him to speak Lithuanian and support the Lithuanian National Revival.[2] In 1870–1871, he studied at a telegraph school in Riga and got a job at the telegraph in Moscow in 1871.[4] At the same time, he studied at the Moscow University and passed exams to become a lawyer.[5]

In 1878,[5] he moved to Crimea where he was director of a telegraph station in Alupka. In 1884, he returned to Lithuania and lived in Joniškėlis and Linkavičiai [lt] village near Linkuva supervising the estates of the Karp family [lt].[2] There he became acquainted with Gabrielė Petkevičaitė-Bitė (his first wife in 1879–1880 was her cousin)[2] and started contributing articles to Varpas and Ūkininkas, Lithuanian periodicals which were illegal in the Russian Empire due to the Lithuanian press ban.[5] He contributed about 50 articles and correspondences on issues of the Lithuanian language in public life, relations of Lithuanians and other nationalities, Polonized Lithuanian nobility, education.[4] Landsbergis' house became a meeting place of various Lithuanian intellectuals, including Vincas Kudirka, Jonas Jablonskis, Liudas Vaineikis, Antanas Kriščiukaitis, Jurgis Bielinis. In 1894, Pranas Mašiotas married Landsbergis' niece Marija Jasienskytė.[2]

Theater activist edit

In 1894, due to suspicions about his involvement in the Lithuanian book smuggling activities, Landsbergis was forced to leave Lithuania.[6] He lived in Moscow and worked as an inspector of the 1st City Hospital.[7] He continued to maintain contacts with various Lithuanian activists, including with Jonas Basanavičius and Juozas Tumas-Vaižgantas.[8] He visited Lithuania in summer 1900 when Lithuanian activists wanted to host further Lithuanian theater performances after the successful staging of America in the Bathhouse in 1899.[6] Tsarist police launched an investigation into activists connected with Liudas Vaineikis and Landsbergis was arrested on 6 October 1900 and sent to a prison in Liepāja for ten weeks.[6] According to his son's memoirs, he was released because his family managed to bribe Russian policemen, but he lost his job in Moscow.[7] On 27 February 1902, Tsar Nicholas II of Russia signed order sentencing 24 Lithuanians to various terms of exile.[9] Landsbergis was sentenced to two years of exile in Smolensk.[10]

Landbsbergis returned to Lithuania in March 1904 and settled in Vilnius. The Lithuanian press ban was lifted that spring and Landsbergis worked helping Petras Vileišis organize a Lithuanian printing press, bookstore, and periodical Vilniaus žinios.[11] He was administrator of the daily until 1908.[5] During the Russian Revolution of 1905, together with others, Landsbergis organized the Great Seimas of Vilnius which resolved to seek autonomy for Lithuania in the Russian Empire.[12] He was also active in Lithuanian cultural life in Vilnius. He was one of the founders of the Lithuanian Mutual Relief Society of Vilnius and the Lithuanian Scientific Society.[13] He was also elected chairman of the Union of Lithuanian Teachers (the founding meeting took place in his apartment in October 1905)[14] and later raised funds to pay for Lithuanian language lessons at city schools.[13]

However, he was most active in the Lithuanian amateur theater. He performed various roles – director, actor, playwright, critic.[5] He founded and chaired Kanklės of Vilnius Society which was active in 1905–1908 and organized various theater performances, concerts, cultural evenings. The largest production was the first national Lithuanian opera Birutė which was adapted by composer Mikas Petrauskas from a drama written by Landsbergis.[15] Landsbergis was also involved with the Daina Society.[16] In 1908–1909, he lived in Kaunas and was active in the Daina Society.[5] He then moved to Šiauliai where he worked as an inspector of an insurance company[17] and staged about 50 plays with Varpas Society.[5] Among the plays staged by Landsbergis were Pilėnų kunigaikštis by Marcelinas Šikšnys [lt] (1906), Mindaugas by Juliusz Słowacki (1908), Du keliu by Herman Heijermans (1913).[5] In April 1915, Landsbergis evacuated from Šiauliai[18] and returned to Vilnius where he organized cultural evenings on behalf of the Lithuanian Society for the Relief of War Sufferers.[5] His last play was staged on 26 June 1916.[1] However, Landsbergis was of poor health and he died on 28 August 1916 in Vilnius and was buried in Rasos Cemetery.[18]

 
2006 postal stamp for the 100th anniversary of opera Birutė

Works edit

While living in Russia, Landsbergis published a few small didactic prose works for children.[8] Landsbergis reworked a ballad by Silvestras Teofilis Valiūnas [lt] about Grand Duchess Birutė into a melodrama which was staged and published in 1906.[5] Composer Mikas Petrauskas adapted it into the first national Lithuanian opera Birutė. Landsbergis most important work was drama Blinda, svieto lygintojas (Blinda, the Leveller of the World) which he wrote based on material about Tadas Blinda collected by Lazdynų Pelėda. The drama was staged in 1907 and published in 1908. It became very popular and elevated Blinda to Lithuanian folk heroes. The drama explored social and class conflicts between Lithuanians, Polish nobility, and Russian officials and reflected revolutionary moods of 1905–1907.[5]

In 1908, he published three simple comedies suited for the Lithuanian amateur theater of the time – Pagavo! (Caught!), Jurgis Durnelis (Jurgis the Fool), Tarnaitė pamokė (Maid Taught). In 1913, he published monologue Blaivininkų pirmininkas (Chairman of the Teetotalers). His works were popular as they featured comic situations and lively dialogues, but the characters were not well developed and their motivations were not fleshed out. Landsbergis works also tended to be didactic.[5] In 1914, he prepared a new version of Genovefa by Christoph von Schmid (which is based on the legend of Genevieve of Brabant) for stage – he simplified the plot, reduced the number of acts from eight to four, and reduced overly religious imagery.[5][19] In the adapted play, Landsbergis focuses on Golo who, based on the Romantic German tradition, becomes a tragic character and not a black-and-white villain.[19] Many of Landsbergis documents and manuscripts were lost during World War I in a fire in Šiauliai.[18] His collected works were published in 1972.[8]

References edit

  1. ^ a b Mikeliūnienė, Stasė (2010). "Dramaturgas, režisierius Gabrielius Landsbergis-Žemkalnis" (PDF). In Mažylis, Bronius; Mikeliūnienė, Stasė (eds.). Kur Įstras pievomis virvena: Paįstrio krašto praeitis ir dabartis (in Lithuanian). Panevėžys: Paįstrio kraštiečių klubas "Ąžuolas", Paįstrio Juozo Zikaro vidurinė mokykla. p. 279. ISBN 978-9955-741-23-7.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Juodytė, Genė (29 March 2013). "Landsbergiai ir Pakruojo kraštas" (in Lithuanian). Šiaulių kraštas. Retrieved 25 June 2020.
  3. ^ Minakowski, Marek. "Gabriel Landsberg". Minakowski's Great Genealogy.
  4. ^ a b Krikštaponis, Vilmantas (3 March 2017). ""Aš nepasidariau lietuviu, aš esu juo gimęs". 165-osioms Gabrieliaus Landsbergio-Žemkalnio gimimo metinėms". XXI amžius (in Lithuanian). 9 (2226). ISSN 2029-1299.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Mačianskaitė, Loreta (21 September 2018) [2007]. "Gabrielius Landsbergis-Žemkalnis". Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija (in Lithuanian). Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos centras.
  6. ^ a b c Krikštaponis, Vilmantas (10 March 2017). ""Aš nepasidariau lietuviu, aš esu juo gimęs". 165-osioms Gabrieliaus Landsbergio-Žemkalnio gimimo metinėms". XXI amžius (in Lithuanian). 10 (2227). ISSN 2029-1299.
  7. ^ a b Gabrielius Landsbergis-Žemkalnis (in Lithuanian). ISBN 978-9955-800-95-8. Retrieved 25 June 2020. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  8. ^ a b c Lazauskaitė, Jurgita (2017) [2011]. "Gabrielius Landsbergis-Žemkalnis". Vilnijos vartai (in Lithuanian). Vilniaus apskrities A. Mickevičiaus viešoji biblioteka. Retrieved 25 June 2020.
  9. ^ Sprindis, Adolfas (1978). Povilas Višinskis (in Lithuanian). Vilnius: Vaga. p. 227. OCLC 4874806.
  10. ^ "Bausmės". Darbininkų balsas (in Lithuanian). 4: 71. May 1902.
  11. ^ Krikštaponis, Vilmantas (17 March 2017). ""Aš nepasidariau lietuviu, aš esu juo gimęs". 165-osioms Gabrieliaus Landsbergio-Žemkalnio gimimo metinėms". XXI amžius (in Lithuanian). 11 (2228). ISSN 2029-1299.
  12. ^ Krikštaponis, Vilmantas (24 March 2017). ""Aš nepasidariau lietuviu, aš esu juo gimęs". 165-osioms Gabrieliaus Landsbergio-Žemkalnio gimimo metinėms". XXI amžius (in Lithuanian). 12 (2229). ISSN 2029-1299.
  13. ^ a b Krikštaponis, Vilmantas (31 March 2017). ""Aš nepasidariau lietuviu, aš esu juo gimęs". 165-osioms Gabrieliaus Landsbergio-Žemkalnio gimimo metinėms". XXI amžius (in Lithuanian). 13 (2230). ISSN 2029-1299.
  14. ^ Hofertienė, Romualda (5 October 2013). "Vėl būčiau mokytoja…" (in Lithuanian). Bernardinai.lt. Retrieved 25 June 2020.
  15. ^ Landsbergytė, Birutė (15 February 2017). "G. Landsbergis-Žemkalnis ir jo "Birutė"" (in Lithuanian). Kauno diena. Retrieved 25 June 2020.
  16. ^ Prušinskas, Konstantinas (2014). "Mykolas Sleževičius: politikas, visuomenės veikėjas, teatralas" (PDF). Žemaičių žemė (in Lithuanian). 1: 15. ISSN 1392-2610.
  17. ^ Šlivinskas, Almantas (2008). "Šiaulių "Varpo" draugija Lietuvos teatro ištakose" (PDF). Kultūros barai (in Lithuanian). 10: 99. ISSN 0134-3106.
  18. ^ a b c Nekrašius, Jonas (21 March 2002). "Gyvenimas, paaukotas teatrui" (in Lithuanian). Šiaulių kraštas. Retrieved 29 June 2020.
  19. ^ a b Daugnora, Eligijus (2005). ""Genovaitė". Šaltiniai ir variantai" (PDF). Lituanistica (in Lithuanian). 3 (63): 75–76. ISSN 2424-4716.

Further reading edit

  • Maknickas, Vytautas (1936). "Gabrielius Landsbergis-Žemkalnis". Darbai ir dienos (in Lithuanian). 5: 3–223.

May 20, 2024
gabrielius, landsbergis, Žemkalnis, polish, gabryel, landsberg, 1852, 1916, lithuanian, playwright, activists, early, lithuanian, amateur, theater, postcard, published, bookstore, marija, Šlapelienė, born, 1852, february, 1852birželiai, russian, empiredied28, . Gabrielius Landsbergis Zemkalnis Polish Gabryel Landsberg 1852 1916 was a Lithuanian playwright and activists of the early Lithuanian amateur theater Gabrielius Landsbergis ZemkalnisPostcard published by the bookstore of Marija Slapeliene lt Born 1852 02 02 2 February 1852Birzeliai lt Russian EmpireDied28 August 1916 1916 08 28 aged 64 VilniusBurial placeRasos CemeteryNationalityLithuanianOther namesGabrielius Landsbergis Gabrielius ZemkalnisAlma materSiauliai Gymnasium Moscow UniversityBoard member ofKankles of Vilnius SocietyChildrenVytautas Landsbergis Zemkalnis Born to an old noble family Landsbergis attended Siauliai Gymnasium where his friend Petras Vileisis encouraged him to speak Lithuanian and support the Lithuanian National Revival After finishing a telegraph school in Riga in 1871 he worked at the telegraph offices in Moscow and Crimea He returned to Lithuania in 1884 and joined the Lithuanian cultural life He contributed articles to the illegal Lithuanian periodicals Varpas and ukininkas and his house was a gathering place of many Lithuanian intellectuals Due to these activities he was forced to leave Lithuania in 1894 but continued to maintain contacts with Lithuanian activists He was arrested and imprisoned for ten weeks in 1900 and sentenced to two years of exile in Smolensk in 1902 He returned in 1904 and became administrator of Vilniaus zinios the first legal Lithuanian daily established by Petras Vileisis At the same time Landsbergis devoted his energy to the Lithuanian amateur theater He was a director actor playwright critic of many of the early performances He founded and chaired the Kankles of Vilnius Society and was active in the Ruta Society in Vilnius Daina Society in Kaunas and Varpas Society in Siauliai All of these societies organized Lithuanian theater performances concerts other cultural evenings In total he directed or played a role in more than 130 plays 1 Landsbergis also wrote several plays mostly simple comedies that were well suited for the amateur theater His most important works were a drama about Lithuanian folk hero Tadas Blinda 1907 and melodrama about Grand Duchess Birute 1906 which was later adapted into the first Lithuanian opera Birute Contents 1 Biography 1 1 Early life and education 1 2 Theater activist 2 Works 3 References 4 Further readingBiography editEarly life and education edit Landsbergis hailed from an old German Landsberg family that traced its roots to a ministerialis who lived in 1055 at the Werden Abbey 2 Their last name comes the Landsberg Castle de in the Duchy of Berg which translates as land mountain Landsbergis translated the name to Lithuanian and used Zemkalnis as his last name from around 1890 2 Landsbergis was born in the family manor in Birzeliai lt near Pumpenai to Wincenty Landsberg and Rozalia Jasinska 3 His father died in 1857 leaving the family in a difficult financial situation they relied on assistance provided by a local nobility committee 2 His family including his mother two elder brothers and two uncles participated in the Uprising of 1863 At the age of 10 Landsbergis moved to Mitau Jelgava and later attended Siauliai Gymnasium but did not finish it At the gymnasium he became friends with Petras Vileisis who encouraged him to speak Lithuanian and support the Lithuanian National Revival 2 In 1870 1871 he studied at a telegraph school in Riga and got a job at the telegraph in Moscow in 1871 4 At the same time he studied at the Moscow University and passed exams to become a lawyer 5 In 1878 5 he moved to Crimea where he was director of a telegraph station in Alupka In 1884 he returned to Lithuania and lived in Joniskelis and Linkaviciai lt village near Linkuva supervising the estates of the Karp family lt 2 There he became acquainted with Gabriele Petkevicaite Bite his first wife in 1879 1880 was her cousin 2 and started contributing articles to Varpas and ukininkas Lithuanian periodicals which were illegal in the Russian Empire due to the Lithuanian press ban 5 He contributed about 50 articles and correspondences on issues of the Lithuanian language in public life relations of Lithuanians and other nationalities Polonized Lithuanian nobility education 4 Landsbergis house became a meeting place of various Lithuanian intellectuals including Vincas Kudirka Jonas Jablonskis Liudas Vaineikis Antanas Krisciukaitis Jurgis Bielinis In 1894 Pranas Masiotas married Landsbergis niece Marija Jasienskyte 2 Theater activist edit In 1894 due to suspicions about his involvement in the Lithuanian book smuggling activities Landsbergis was forced to leave Lithuania 6 He lived in Moscow and worked as an inspector of the 1st City Hospital 7 He continued to maintain contacts with various Lithuanian activists including with Jonas Basanavicius and Juozas Tumas Vaizgantas 8 He visited Lithuania in summer 1900 when Lithuanian activists wanted to host further Lithuanian theater performances after the successful staging of America in the Bathhouse in 1899 6 Tsarist police launched an investigation into activists connected with Liudas Vaineikis and Landsbergis was arrested on 6 October 1900 and sent to a prison in Liepaja for ten weeks 6 According to his son s memoirs he was released because his family managed to bribe Russian policemen but he lost his job in Moscow 7 On 27 February 1902 Tsar Nicholas II of Russia signed order sentencing 24 Lithuanians to various terms of exile 9 Landsbergis was sentenced to two years of exile in Smolensk 10 Landbsbergis returned to Lithuania in March 1904 and settled in Vilnius The Lithuanian press ban was lifted that spring and Landsbergis worked helping Petras Vileisis organize a Lithuanian printing press bookstore and periodical Vilniaus zinios 11 He was administrator of the daily until 1908 5 During the Russian Revolution of 1905 together with others Landsbergis organized the Great Seimas of Vilnius which resolved to seek autonomy for Lithuania in the Russian Empire 12 He was also active in Lithuanian cultural life in Vilnius He was one of the founders of the Lithuanian Mutual Relief Society of Vilnius and the Lithuanian Scientific Society 13 He was also elected chairman of the Union of Lithuanian Teachers the founding meeting took place in his apartment in October 1905 14 and later raised funds to pay for Lithuanian language lessons at city schools 13 However he was most active in the Lithuanian amateur theater He performed various roles director actor playwright critic 5 He founded and chaired Kankles of Vilnius Society which was active in 1905 1908 and organized various theater performances concerts cultural evenings The largest production was the first national Lithuanian opera Birute which was adapted by composer Mikas Petrauskas from a drama written by Landsbergis 15 Landsbergis was also involved with the Daina Society 16 In 1908 1909 he lived in Kaunas and was active in the Daina Society 5 He then moved to Siauliai where he worked as an inspector of an insurance company 17 and staged about 50 plays with Varpas Society 5 Among the plays staged by Landsbergis were Pilenu kunigaikstis by Marcelinas Siksnys lt 1906 Mindaugas by Juliusz Slowacki 1908 Du keliu by Herman Heijermans 1913 5 In April 1915 Landsbergis evacuated from Siauliai 18 and returned to Vilnius where he organized cultural evenings on behalf of the Lithuanian Society for the Relief of War Sufferers 5 His last play was staged on 26 June 1916 1 However Landsbergis was of poor health and he died on 28 August 1916 in Vilnius and was buried in Rasos Cemetery 18 nbsp 2006 postal stamp for the 100th anniversary of opera BiruteWorks editWhile living in Russia Landsbergis published a few small didactic prose works for children 8 Landsbergis reworked a ballad by Silvestras Teofilis Valiunas lt about Grand Duchess Birute into a melodrama which was staged and published in 1906 5 Composer Mikas Petrauskas adapted it into the first national Lithuanian opera Birute Landsbergis most important work was drama Blinda svieto lygintojas Blinda the Leveller of the World which he wrote based on material about Tadas Blinda collected by Lazdynu Peleda The drama was staged in 1907 and published in 1908 It became very popular and elevated Blinda to Lithuanian folk heroes The drama explored social and class conflicts between Lithuanians Polish nobility and Russian officials and reflected revolutionary moods of 1905 1907 5 In 1908 he published three simple comedies suited for the Lithuanian amateur theater of the time Pagavo Caught Jurgis Durnelis Jurgis the Fool Tarnaite pamoke Maid Taught In 1913 he published monologue Blaivininku pirmininkas Chairman of the Teetotalers His works were popular as they featured comic situations and lively dialogues but the characters were not well developed and their motivations were not fleshed out Landsbergis works also tended to be didactic 5 In 1914 he prepared a new version of Genovefa by Christoph von Schmid which is based on the legend of Genevieve of Brabant for stage he simplified the plot reduced the number of acts from eight to four and reduced overly religious imagery 5 19 In the adapted play Landsbergis focuses on Golo who based on the Romantic German tradition becomes a tragic character and not a black and white villain 19 Many of Landsbergis documents and manuscripts were lost during World War I in a fire in Siauliai 18 His collected works were published in 1972 8 References edit a b Mikeliuniene Stase 2010 Dramaturgas rezisierius Gabrielius Landsbergis Zemkalnis PDF In Mazylis Bronius Mikeliuniene Stase eds Kur Įstras pievomis virvena Paįstrio krasto praeitis ir dabartis in Lithuanian Panevezys Paįstrio krastieciu klubas Azuolas Paįstrio Juozo Zikaro vidurine mokykla p 279 ISBN 978 9955 741 23 7 a b c d e f g Juodyte Gene 29 March 2013 Landsbergiai ir Pakruojo krastas in Lithuanian Siauliu krastas Retrieved 25 June 2020 Minakowski Marek Gabriel Landsberg Minakowski s Great Genealogy a b Krikstaponis Vilmantas 3 March 2017 As nepasidariau lietuviu as esu juo gimes 165 osioms Gabrieliaus Landsbergio Zemkalnio gimimo metinems XXI amzius in Lithuanian 9 2226 ISSN 2029 1299 a b c d e f g h i j k l m Macianskaite Loreta 21 September 2018 2007 Gabrielius Landsbergis Zemkalnis Visuotine lietuviu enciklopedija in Lithuanian Mokslo ir enciklopediju leidybos centras a b c Krikstaponis Vilmantas 10 March 2017 As nepasidariau lietuviu as esu juo gimes 165 osioms Gabrieliaus Landsbergio Zemkalnio gimimo metinems XXI amzius in Lithuanian 10 2227 ISSN 2029 1299 a b Gabrielius Landsbergis Zemkalnis in Lithuanian ISBN 978 9955 800 95 8 Retrieved 25 June 2020 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a work ignored help a b c Lazauskaite Jurgita 2017 2011 Gabrielius Landsbergis Zemkalnis Vilnijos vartai in Lithuanian Vilniaus apskrities A Mickeviciaus viesoji biblioteka Retrieved 25 June 2020 Sprindis Adolfas 1978 Povilas Visinskis in Lithuanian Vilnius Vaga p 227 OCLC 4874806 Bausmes Darbininku balsas in Lithuanian 4 71 May 1902 Krikstaponis Vilmantas 17 March 2017 As nepasidariau lietuviu as esu juo gimes 165 osioms Gabrieliaus Landsbergio Zemkalnio gimimo metinems XXI amzius in Lithuanian 11 2228 ISSN 2029 1299 Krikstaponis Vilmantas 24 March 2017 As nepasidariau lietuviu as esu juo gimes 165 osioms Gabrieliaus Landsbergio Zemkalnio gimimo metinems XXI amzius in Lithuanian 12 2229 ISSN 2029 1299 a b Krikstaponis Vilmantas 31 March 2017 As nepasidariau lietuviu as esu juo gimes 165 osioms Gabrieliaus Landsbergio Zemkalnio gimimo metinems XXI amzius in Lithuanian 13 2230 ISSN 2029 1299 Hofertiene Romualda 5 October 2013 Vel buciau mokytoja in Lithuanian Bernardinai lt Retrieved 25 June 2020 Landsbergyte Birute 15 February 2017 G Landsbergis Zemkalnis ir jo Birute in Lithuanian Kauno diena Retrieved 25 June 2020 Prusinskas Konstantinas 2014 Mykolas Slezevicius politikas visuomenes veikejas teatralas PDF Zemaiciu zeme in Lithuanian 1 15 ISSN 1392 2610 Slivinskas Almantas 2008 Siauliu Varpo draugija Lietuvos teatro istakose PDF Kulturos barai in Lithuanian 10 99 ISSN 0134 3106 a b c Nekrasius Jonas 21 March 2002 Gyvenimas paaukotas teatrui in Lithuanian Siauliu krastas Retrieved 29 June 2020 a b Daugnora Eligijus 2005 Genovaite Saltiniai ir variantai PDF Lituanistica in Lithuanian 3 63 75 76 ISSN 2424 4716 Further reading editMaknickas Vytautas 1936 Gabrielius Landsbergis Zemkalnis Darbai ir dienos in Lithuanian 5 3 223 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Gabrielius Landsbergis Zemkalnis amp oldid 1180468868, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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