The Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act[a] (French: Loi sur la tarification de la pollution causée par les gaz à effet de serre) is a Canadian federal law establishing a set of minimum national standards for carbon pricing in Canada to meet emission reduction targets under the Paris Agreement.[2] It was passed as Part 5 of the Budget Implementation Act, 2018, No. 1 – an omnibus budget bill – during the 42nd Parliament of Canada.[3] The law came into force immediately upon receiving royal assent on June 21, 2018.[4]
An Act to mitigate climate change through the pan-Canadian application of pricing mechanisms to a broad set of greenhouse gas emission sources and to make consequential amendments to other Acts
On March 25, 2021, the Supreme Court of Canada rejected the 2019 appeal of the provinces of Alberta, Ontario, and Saskatchewan and ruled in Reference re Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act that the GGPPA was constitutional.[5][6][7] Commentators had varying reactions to who the ruling benefited most politically,[8][9][10] with some stating that it represented a blow to the group of conservative premiers that made opposition to carbon pricing a central aspect of their policies.[11]
The aim of the legislation is to put a price on all greenhouse gases that play a significant role in trapping heat in the atmosphere through binding "minimum national standards" on the federal government and all of the provinces and territories of Canada.[12] The standards on pricing are divided into two parts: a regulatory charge on carbon-based fuels and an output-based emissions trading system for polluting industries.[13]
The GGPPA requires that all provincial and territorial governments establish a pollution pricing scheme that meets the national minimum price per tonne of carbon dioxide equivalent and established emission caps under the act.[14] A federally-managed backstop system under GGPPA applies in provinces or territories that do not have a system that meets the criteria or if the province or territory request the federal system be used.[13] As of June 2019[update], five provinces and two territories are under the federal pricing system for one or both aspects of pollution pricing. The provinces of Ontario, Manitoba, New Brunswick, and Saskatchewan are under both the federal fuel charge and industrial emissions trading system; the territories of Yukon and Nunavut are voluntarily under both systems; and Prince Edward Island is voluntarily under the federal pricing system for industrial emissions trading only.[13] Following the repeal of Alberta's provincial fuel levy on May 30, 2019, the federal fuel charge system will be applied to Alberta beginning January 1, 2020.[15]
All funds collected under the federal system are returned to the province or territory where they are collected. In cases where the provincial or territorial government requested to be part of the federal system, such as Yukon (fuel charge and emissions trading) or Prince Edward Island (emissions trading only), the funds are remitted to the government of that province or territory.[16] Residents of provinces and territories that are under the federal system due to not implementing a pollution pricing system, such as Ontario and New Brunswick, receive their share of the collected charges directly as a tax-free Climate Action Incentive Payment paid out four times per year (until 2022 the CAI was a refundable tax credit on the federal income tax for residents of these provinces intead).[17][18] Approximately ten percent of the money collected from these "backstop provinces" is separately distributed by the federal government for environmental initiatives in those provinces, such as green retrofits of public schools.[19]
The provisions of the GGPPA were opposed by the governments of Saskatchewan and Ontario, and challenged in provincial courts. They were joined in their legal challenges by several others. For example, under Premier Blaine Higgs, the New Brunswick Attorney General submitted his intention to intervene in Saskatchewan's court challenge of the federal government's carbon pricing plan.[b][20]
SaskatchewanEdit
On May 3, 2019, the Court of Appeal for Saskatchewan ruled in favour of the federal government in a 155-page 3–2 split decision that concluded that, "The Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act is not unconstitutional either in whole or in part."[c][21] The federal government argued successfully that the Act was a legitimate exercise of Parliament’s "Peace, Order, and good Government" (POGG) power.[22] Moe said he would bring the case before the Supreme Court of Canada.[22]
On May 31, 2019, Premier Scott Moe filed his appeal of the Saskatchewan decision to the Supreme Court of Canada. He hopes the case will be heard in the fall of 2019.[23]
OntarioEdit
Following the election of a Progressive Conservative Party government under Doug Ford in the 2018 Ontario general election, Ontario cancelled its participation in the Western Climate Initiative cap-and-trade system.[24] For this reason, the province was deemed non-compliant with the minimum national standards set by the GGPPA and both backstop federal pricing systems were implemented for Ontario on April 1, 2019.[25]
Ontario's Environment Minister Rod Phillips and Attorney General Caroline Mulroney announced a $30 million plan on August 2, 2018, to challenge the constitutionality of the GGPPA in the Court of Appeal for Ontario.[26] The court challenge was opposed by all three of the province's opposition parties.[26] Eighteen parties were granted intervenor status.[27] Intervenors supporting the Ontario government's challenge included the conservative Canadian Taxpayers Federation and Alberta's United Conservative Party (at the time forming Alberta's Official Opposition),[28] while the Assembly of First Nations and environmentalist groups like the David Suzuki Foundation were among the intervenors supporting the GGPPA's constitutionality.[29]
The Court of Appeal for Ontario ruled by a four to one margin on June 28, 2019,[2] that the Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act was constitutional.[30][31] Specifically, writing for the majority, Chief Justice George Strathy ruled that the law was within federal jurisdiction "to legislate in relation to matters of 'national concern' under the 'Peace, Order, and good Government' [sic] clause of s. 91 of the Constitution Act, 1867."[27]
Justice Grant Huscroft wrote in his dissenting opinion that the decision of the majority could have repercussions to the existing division of powers between the provinces and the federal government.[2] He noted: "federalism is no constitutional nicety; it is a defining feature of the Canadian constitutional order that governs the way in which even the most serious problems must be addressed" and "in effect, [the federal government] has asked the court to sanction a change to the constitutional order – to increase Parliament's lawmaking authority while diminishing that of the provincial legislatures, and to do so on a permanent basis."[27] Huscroft's dissent was described as "traditionalist" in its view of the division of powers and compared to Gérard La Forest, a former puis-ne on the Supreme Court of Canada, by former Attorney-General Peter MacKay.[14]
The Ontario government filed an appeal of the decision with the Supreme Court of Canada on August 28, 2019.[32]
Supreme Court of CanadaEdit
On March 25, 2021, the Supreme Court of Canada ruled that the Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act is constitutional.[33]
^Full title: An Act to mitigate climate change through the pan-Canadian application of pricing mechanisms to a broad set of greenhouse gas emission sources and to make consequential amendments to other Acts
^In November 2018, the Attorney General of New Brunswick submitted his intention to "intervene in the Matter of the Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act, Bill C-74, Part V, and in the Matter of a Reference by the Lieutenant Governor in Council to the Court of Appeal under The Constitutional Questions act, 2012."
^"In The Matter Of The Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act, Bill C-74, Part 5 And In The Matter Of A Reference By The Lieutenant Governor In Council To The Court Of Appeal For Saskatchewan Under The Constitutional Questions Act, 2012, SS 2012, c C-29.01" (PDF). Court of Appeal for Saskatchewan. Citation: 2019 SKCA 40 (Docket: CACV3239). May 3, 2019.
^ abcMcGrath, John Michael (June 28, 2019). "What you need to know about the Ontario Court of Appeal's carbon-tax decision". TVO. Ontario Educational Communications Authority.
^Tasker, John Paul (March 25, 2021). "Supreme Court rules Ottawa's carbon tax is constitutional". CBC.
^FINE, SEAN; BAILEY, IAN; GRANEY, EMMA (March 25, 2021). "Canada's carbon pricing is constitutional, Supreme Court rules". The Globe and Mail Inc.
^Coyne, Andrew (March 25, 2021). "The Supreme Court rules. And the winner is … Erin O'Toole?". The Globe and Mail Inc.
^Platt, Brian (March 25, 2021). "The dissenting view: Two SCC justices say federal carbon tax 'rewrites the rules of Confederation'". National Post, a division of Postmedia Network Inc.
^Cosh, Colby (March 25, 2021). "Federal government plays the 'POGG' card on carbon tax". National Post, a division of Postmedia Network Inc.
^Clark, Campbell (March 25, 2021). "The court deals a blow to the already-weakening political opposition to carbon taxes". The Globe and Mail Inc.
^"Legislative Proposals Relating to the Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act". fin.gc.ca. Ministry of Finance. January 2018.
^ abc"How we're putting a price on carbon pollution". Environment and Climate Change Canada. Government of Canada. October 23, 2018. Retrieved August 5, 2019.
^ abBrean, Joseph (June 28, 2019). "In dissent on carbon pricing, a 'traditionalist' judge puts Ottawa in its place". Postmedia Network Inc. National Post.
^"Alberta and pollution pricing". Environment and Climate Change Canada. Government of Canada. June 28, 2019. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
^Aiello, Rachel (October 23, 2018). "How federal carbon tax rebates will be doled out". CTV News. Retrieved August 5, 2019.
^Ballingall, Alex (May 24, 2019). "Carbon tax rebate claimed by 97 per cent of eligible families so far this year, Canada Revenue Agency says". Toronto Star. Retrieved August 5, 2019.
^"Climate action incentive payment". Tax credits and benefits for individuals. Canada Revenue Agency. April 20, 2022. Retrieved July 21, 2022. The CAIP will now be paid as a quarterly benefit. If you are entitled, you will automatically receive your CAIP four times a year, starting in July 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
^Thurton, David (June 25, 2019). "Ottawa earmarks $60M for school retrofits in provinces that fought carbon tax". CBC News. Retrieved August 10, 2019.
^Bissett, Kevin (November 29, 2018). "N.B. to intervene in Saskatchewan court challenge of carbon tax". CTV News. from the original on December 11, 2018. Retrieved December 19, 2018.
^"Federal carbon tax is constitutional: Saskatchewan Court of Appeal". Global News, a division of Corus Entertainment Inc. May 3, 2019.
^ ab"Sask. carbon tax challenge: SK Appeal Court rules in Ottawa's favour". Regina Leader-Post. May 3, 2019. Retrieved May 23, 2019.
^Hunter, Adam (May 31, 2019). "Saskatchewan files notice of carbon tax appeal to Supreme Court of Canada". CBC News. Retrieved June 21, 2019.
^Rieti, John (July 3, 2018). "Doug Ford is officially ending Ontario's cap-and-trade plan, but what's next?". CBC News. Retrieved August 9, 2019.
^Tasker, John Paul (April 1, 2019). "What you need to know: Federal carbon tax takes effect in Ont., Manitoba, Sask. and N.B. today". CBC News. Retrieved August 9, 2019.
^ abLoriggio, Paola (August 2, 2018). "Ontario government to challenge federal carbon tax plan in court". Global News. The Canadian Press. from the original on August 3, 2018. Retrieved August 5, 2018.
^ abcStrathy C.J.O.; Hoy A.C.J.O.; MacPherson, Sharpe; Huscroft JJ.A. (June 28, 2019). "Reference re Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act, 2019 ONCA 544". Court of Appeal for Ontario.
^Vigliotti, Marco (January 16, 2019). "Parties in Ford government's challenge of federal carbon price get intervenor status". iPolitics. Retrieved August 9, 2019.
^Foreman, Gideon (January 28, 2019). "Health organization to support carbon pricing in court". David Suzuki Foundation. Retrieved August 9, 2019.
^Perkel, Colin (June 28, 2019). "Federal government's carbon tax is constitutional, Ontario's top court rules". National Post. The Canadian Press. Retrieved July 13, 2019.
^Ballingall, Alex; Ferguson, Rob (June 28, 2019). "Ontario's top court rebuffs Doug Ford government's challenge to federal carbon price plan". Toronto Star. Retrieved August 9, 2019.
^"Ontario appeals federal carbon tax decision to Supreme Court of Canada". CBC News. August 28, 2019. Retrieved August 30, 2019.
^"Reference re Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act, 2021 SCC 11". CanLII. March 25, 2021. Retrieved March 25, 2021.
September 01, 2023
greenhouse, pollution, pricing, also, carbon, pricing, canada, this, article, uses, bare, urls, which, uninformative, vulnerable, link, please, consider, converting, them, full, citations, ensure, article, remains, verifiable, maintains, consistent, citation, . See also Carbon pricing in Canada This article uses bare URLs which are uninformative and vulnerable to link rot Please consider converting them to full citations to ensure the article remains verifiable and maintains a consistent citation style Several templates and tools are available to assist in formatting such as Reflinks documentation reFill documentation and Citation bot documentation September 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act a French Loi sur la tarification de la pollution causee par les gaz a effet de serre is a Canadian federal law establishing a set of minimum national standards for carbon pricing in Canada to meet emission reduction targets under the Paris Agreement 2 It was passed as Part 5 of the Budget Implementation Act 2018 No 1 an omnibus budget bill during the 42nd Parliament of Canada 3 The law came into force immediately upon receiving royal assent on June 21 2018 4 Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing ActHouse of Commons of CanadaLong title An Act to mitigate climate change through the pan Canadian application of pricing mechanisms to a broad set of greenhouse gas emission sources and to make consequential amendments to other ActsCitationS C 2018 c 12 s 186Territorial extentCanadaEnacted byHouse of Commons of CanadaEnacted bySenate of CanadaAssented toJune 21 2018CommencedJune 21 2018Legislative historyFirst chamber House of Commons of CanadaBill titleBill C 74 Part 5 42nd Parliament 1st Session 1 Introduced byBill Morneau Minister of FinanceFirst readingMarch 27 2018Second readingApril 23 2018Third readingJune 6 2018Committee reportMay 28 2018Second chamber Senate of CanadaBill titleBill C 74 Part 5 First readingJune 7 2018Second readingJune 11 2018Third readingJune 14 2018Committee reportJune 14 2018KeywordsCarbon pricing climate changeStatus Current legislationOn March 25 2021 the Supreme Court of Canada rejected the 2019 appeal of the provinces of Alberta Ontario and Saskatchewan and ruled in Reference re Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act that the GGPPA was constitutional 5 6 7 Commentators had varying reactions to who the ruling benefited most politically 8 9 10 with some stating that it represented a blow to the group of conservative premiers that made opposition to carbon pricing a central aspect of their policies 11 Contents 1 Provisions 2 Constitutional challenges 2 1 Saskatchewan 2 2 Ontario 2 3 Supreme Court of Canada 3 See also 4 Notes 5 ReferencesProvisions EditThe aim of the legislation is to put a price on all greenhouse gases that play a significant role in trapping heat in the atmosphere through binding minimum national standards on the federal government and all of the provinces and territories of Canada 12 The standards on pricing are divided into two parts a regulatory charge on carbon based fuels and an output based emissions trading system for polluting industries 13 The GGPPA requires that all provincial and territorial governments establish a pollution pricing scheme that meets the national minimum price per tonne of carbon dioxide equivalent and established emission caps under the act 14 A federally managed backstop system under GGPPA applies in provinces or territories that do not have a system that meets the criteria or if the province or territory request the federal system be used 13 As of June 2019 update five provinces and two territories are under the federal pricing system for one or both aspects of pollution pricing The provinces of Ontario Manitoba New Brunswick and Saskatchewan are under both the federal fuel charge and industrial emissions trading system the territories of Yukon and Nunavut are voluntarily under both systems and Prince Edward Island is voluntarily under the federal pricing system for industrial emissions trading only 13 Following the repeal of Alberta s provincial fuel levy on May 30 2019 the federal fuel charge system will be applied to Alberta beginning January 1 2020 15 All funds collected under the federal system are returned to the province or territory where they are collected In cases where the provincial or territorial government requested to be part of the federal system such as Yukon fuel charge and emissions trading or Prince Edward Island emissions trading only the funds are remitted to the government of that province or territory 16 Residents of provinces and territories that are under the federal system due to not implementing a pollution pricing system such as Ontario and New Brunswick receive their share of the collected charges directly as a tax free Climate Action Incentive Payment paid out four times per year until 2022 the CAI was a refundable tax credit on the federal income tax for residents of these provinces intead 17 18 Approximately ten percent of the money collected from these backstop provinces is separately distributed by the federal government for environmental initiatives in those provinces such as green retrofits of public schools 19 Constitutional challenges EditMain article Reference re Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act The provisions of the GGPPA were opposed by the governments of Saskatchewan and Ontario and challenged in provincial courts They were joined in their legal challenges by several others For example under Premier Blaine Higgs the New Brunswick Attorney General submitted his intention to intervene in Saskatchewan s court challenge of the federal government s carbon pricing plan b 20 Saskatchewan Edit On May 3 2019 the Court of Appeal for Saskatchewan ruled in favour of the federal government in a 155 page 3 2 split decision that concluded that The Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act is not unconstitutional either in whole or in part c 21 The federal government argued successfully that the Act was a legitimate exercise of Parliament s Peace Order and good Government POGG power 22 Moe said he would bring the case before the Supreme Court of Canada 22 On May 31 2019 Premier Scott Moe filed his appeal of the Saskatchewan decision to the Supreme Court of Canada He hopes the case will be heard in the fall of 2019 23 Ontario Edit Following the election of a Progressive Conservative Party government under Doug Ford in the 2018 Ontario general election Ontario cancelled its participation in the Western Climate Initiative cap and trade system 24 For this reason the province was deemed non compliant with the minimum national standards set by the GGPPA and both backstop federal pricing systems were implemented for Ontario on April 1 2019 25 Ontario s Environment Minister Rod Phillips and Attorney General Caroline Mulroney announced a 30 million plan on August 2 2018 to challenge the constitutionality of the GGPPA in the Court of Appeal for Ontario 26 The court challenge was opposed by all three of the province s opposition parties 26 Eighteen parties were granted intervenor status 27 Intervenors supporting the Ontario government s challenge included the conservative Canadian Taxpayers Federation and Alberta s United Conservative Party at the time forming Alberta s Official Opposition 28 while the Assembly of First Nations and environmentalist groups like the David Suzuki Foundation were among the intervenors supporting the GGPPA s constitutionality 29 The Court of Appeal for Ontario ruled by a four to one margin on June 28 2019 2 that the Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act was constitutional 30 31 Specifically writing for the majority Chief Justice George Strathy ruled that the law was within federal jurisdiction to legislate in relation to matters of national concern under the Peace Order and good Government sic clause of s 91 of the Constitution Act 1867 27 Justice Grant Huscroft wrote in his dissenting opinion that the decision of the majority could have repercussions to the existing division of powers between the provinces and the federal government 2 He noted federalism is no constitutional nicety it is a defining feature of the Canadian constitutional order that governs the way in which even the most serious problems must be addressed and in effect the federal government has asked the court to sanction a change to the constitutional order to increase Parliament s lawmaking authority while diminishing that of the provincial legislatures and to do so on a permanent basis 27 Huscroft s dissent was described as traditionalist in its view of the division of powers and compared to Gerard La Forest a former puis ne on the Supreme Court of Canada by former Attorney General Peter MacKay 14 The Ontario government filed an appeal of the decision with the Supreme Court of Canada on August 28 2019 32 Supreme Court of Canada Edit On March 25 2021 the Supreme Court of Canada ruled that the Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act is constitutional 33 See also EditR v Crown Zellerbach Canada Ltd 1988 1 S C R 401 Reference Re Anti Inflation Act 1976 Notes Edit Full title An Act to mitigate climate change through the pan Canadian application of pricing mechanisms to a broad set of greenhouse gas emission sources and to make consequential amendments to other Acts In November 2018 the Attorney General of New Brunswick submitted his intention to intervene in the Matter of the Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act Bill C 74 Part V and in the Matter of a Reference by the Lieutenant Governor in Council to the Court of Appeal under The Constitutional Questions act 2012 In The Matter Of The Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act Bill C 74 Part 5 And In The Matter Of A Reference By The Lieutenant Governor In Council To The Court Of Appeal For Saskatchewan Under The Constitutional Questions Act 2012 SS 2012 c C 29 01 PDF Court of Appeal for Saskatchewan Citation 2019 SKCA 40 Docket CACV3239 May 3 2019 References Edit https parl ca DocumentViewer en 42 1 bill C 74 royal assent a b c McGrath John Michael June 28 2019 What you need to know about the Ontario Court of Appeal s carbon tax decision TVO Ontario Educational Communications Authority Bill C 74 Parliament of Canada Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act Act No S C 2018 c 12 s 186 of June 21 2018 Parliament of Canada Supreme Court of Canada March 25 2021 Text Tasker John Paul March 25 2021 Supreme Court rules Ottawa s carbon tax is constitutional CBC FINE SEAN BAILEY IAN GRANEY EMMA March 25 2021 Canada s carbon pricing is constitutional Supreme Court rules The Globe and Mail Inc Coyne Andrew March 25 2021 The Supreme Court rules And the winner is Erin O Toole The Globe and Mail Inc Platt Brian March 25 2021 The dissenting view Two SCC justices say federal carbon tax rewrites the rules of Confederation National Post a division of Postmedia Network Inc Cosh Colby March 25 2021 Federal government plays the POGG card on carbon tax National Post a division of Postmedia Network Inc Clark Campbell March 25 2021 The court deals a blow to the already weakening political opposition to carbon taxes The Globe and Mail Inc Legislative Proposals Relating to the Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act fin gc ca Ministry of Finance January 2018 a b c How we re putting a price on carbon pollution Environment and Climate Change Canada Government of Canada October 23 2018 Retrieved August 5 2019 a b Brean Joseph June 28 2019 In dissent on carbon pricing a traditionalist judge puts Ottawa in its place Postmedia Network Inc National Post Alberta and pollution pricing Environment and Climate Change Canada Government of Canada June 28 2019 Retrieved September 25 2019 Aiello Rachel October 23 2018 How federal carbon tax rebates will be doled out CTV News Retrieved August 5 2019 Ballingall Alex May 24 2019 Carbon tax rebate claimed by 97 per cent of eligible families so far this year Canada Revenue Agency says Toronto Star Retrieved August 5 2019 Climate action incentive payment Tax credits and benefits for individuals Canada Revenue Agency April 20 2022 Retrieved July 21 2022 The CAIP will now be paid as a quarterly benefit If you are entitled you will automatically receive your CAIP four times a year starting in July 2022 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link Thurton David June 25 2019 Ottawa earmarks 60M for school retrofits in provinces that fought carbon tax CBC News Retrieved August 10 2019 Bissett Kevin November 29 2018 N B to intervene in Saskatchewan court challenge of carbon tax CTV News Archived from the original on December 11 2018 Retrieved December 19 2018 Federal carbon tax is constitutional Saskatchewan Court of Appeal Global News a division of Corus Entertainment Inc May 3 2019 a b Sask carbon tax challenge SK Appeal Court rules in Ottawa s favour Regina Leader Post May 3 2019 Retrieved May 23 2019 Hunter Adam May 31 2019 Saskatchewan files notice of carbon tax appeal to Supreme Court of Canada CBC News Retrieved June 21 2019 Rieti John July 3 2018 Doug Ford is officially ending Ontario s cap and trade plan but what s next CBC News Retrieved August 9 2019 Tasker John Paul April 1 2019 What you need to know Federal carbon tax takes effect in Ont Manitoba Sask and N B today CBC News Retrieved August 9 2019 a b Loriggio Paola August 2 2018 Ontario government to challenge federal carbon tax plan in court Global News The Canadian Press Archived from the original on August 3 2018 Retrieved August 5 2018 a b c Strathy C J O Hoy A C J O MacPherson Sharpe Huscroft JJ A June 28 2019 Reference re Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act 2019 ONCA 544 Court of Appeal for Ontario Vigliotti Marco January 16 2019 Parties in Ford government s challenge of federal carbon price get intervenor status iPolitics Retrieved August 9 2019 Foreman Gideon January 28 2019 Health organization to support carbon pricing in court David Suzuki Foundation Retrieved August 9 2019 Perkel Colin June 28 2019 Federal government s carbon tax is constitutional Ontario s top court rules National Post The Canadian Press Retrieved July 13 2019 Ballingall Alex Ferguson Rob June 28 2019 Ontario s top court rebuffs Doug Ford government s challenge to federal carbon price plan Toronto Star Retrieved August 9 2019 Ontario appeals federal carbon tax decision to Supreme Court of Canada CBC News August 28 2019 Retrieved August 30 2019 Reference re Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act 2021 SCC 11 CanLII March 25 2021 Retrieved March 25 2021 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act amp oldid 1135978853, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
