Fulk the Venerable (died June 17, 900) was archbishop of Reims from 883 until his death. He was a key figure in the political conflicts of the West Frankish kingdom that followed the dissolution of the Carolingian Empire in the late ninth century.
Fulk the Venerable, archbishop of Reims (883-900), as depicted in a twelfth-century stained glass portrait in the Abbey of Saint-Remi.
Biographyedit
Fulk was born into a powerful aristocratic family, and his brother was Anscar I, Margrave of Ivrea. He became a palace cleric of Charles the Bald, and by 877 had been made abbot of the abbey of Saint Bertin near Saint-Omer, France. He was consecrated archbishop of Reims in March 883, succeeding the long-serving Hincmar. As bishop, he corresponded with rulers, bishops and popes about a range of political and religious matters. Much of what is known about Fulk's career comes from the historian Flodoard's History of the Church of Reims, written in 948-52, which narrates his life and preserves summaries of some 76 letters, half of which were written to or sent by popes.[1] Fulk corresponded with Alfred the Great regarding the needs of the English church, and rebuked Queen Richilde for what he considered irregular behavior.[2]
Upon the deposition of the Carolingian emperor Charles the Fat in 887, Fulk attempted to install his kinsman Guy III, Duke of Spoleto, as king of West Francia, and even crowned him at Langres in 888. However, Odo, the Robertian count of Paris, was crowned by Walter, archbishop of Sens, and accepted by the nobles as king. Fulk, having had his favoured candidate passed over, continued to oppose Odo's rule, and as a possible alternative turned first to Arnulf of Carinthia, who had succeeded Charles in East Francia, also to no avail. Fulk eventually settled for backing the young Carolingian Charles the Simple, the son of Louis the Stammerer who had been passed over in 888 on account of his youth. In 893, Fulk crowned Charles king in opposition to Odo, and following continued conflict among the kingdom's magnates, agreement was reached whereby Charles would succeed Odo, which happened in 898.[3] The rivalries and factions that emerged in this period set the stage for frequent conflicts between the Carolingians, Robertians and other noble families in the coming decades. Upon Charles' accession, he made Fulk his chancellor.
Following a period of intensified Viking raiding in the late ninth century, in 893 Fulk restored the schools of Reims, bringing in the renowned teachers Remigius of Auxerre and Hucbald of Saint-Amand.[4]
Political tensions continued to simmer, however, and in 900, Fulk was assassinated on the orders of Count Baldwin of Flanders. Charles granted to Fulk the abbey of St Vaast, which had previously been held by Baldwin, whom the king suspected of disloyalty. While traveling with a small escort to meet with Charles, Fulk was killed by a man called Winemar and several accomplices, all of whom were in the service of Baldwin.[5] The murder of a bishop was extremely rare in the Carolingian period, and the event shocked contemporaries, as indicated by the independent accounts of the chroniclers Regino of Prüm, the anonymous author of the Annals of Saint-Vaast, and Flodoard of Reims.[6] Fulk was succeeded in the archbishopric by Heriveus, who convened a synod where Winemar was excommunicated for his crime.
Referencesedit
^Roberts, Edward (2019). Flodoard of Rheims and the Writing of History in the Tenth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 117. ISBN9781316510391.
^Nelson, Janet L. (1997). '"...sicut olim gens Francorum ... nunc gens Anglorum": Fulk's Letter to Alfred Revisited', in Alfred the Wise: Studies in Honour of Janet Bately on the Occasion of her Sixty-Fifth Birthday, eds. J. Roberts, J. L. Nelson and M. Godden(PDF). Woodbridge. pp. 135–44.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^West, Charles (2016). ""Fratres, omni die videtis cum vadit istud regnum in perdicionem": Abbo of Saint-Germain and the Crisis of 888". Reti Medievali Rivista. 17: 301–17, at 301-3.
^Glenn, Jason (2004). Politics and History in the Tenth Century: The Work and World of Richer of Reims. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 54–69. ISBN978-0521834872.
^Dunbabin, Jean (2000). "West Francia: The Kingdom," in The New Cambridge Medieval History, Vol. III, ed. Timothy Reuter. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 372–97, at 377. doi:10.1017/CHOL9780521364478.016.
^MacLean, Simon (2009). History and Politics in Late Carolingian and Ottonian Europe: The Chronicle of Regino of Prüm and Adalbert of Magdeburg. Manchester: Manchester University Press. pp. 227–28. ISBN9780719071355.
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Fulk the Venerable died June 17 900 was archbishop of Reims from 883 until his death He was a key figure in the political conflicts of the West Frankish kingdom that followed the dissolution of the Carolingian Empire in the late ninth century Fulk the Venerable archbishop of Reims 883 900 as depicted in a twelfth century stained glass portrait in the Abbey of Saint Remi Biography editFulk was born into a powerful aristocratic family and his brother was Anscar I Margrave of Ivrea He became a palace cleric of Charles the Bald and by 877 had been made abbot of the abbey of Saint Bertin near Saint Omer France He was consecrated archbishop of Reims in March 883 succeeding the long serving Hincmar As bishop he corresponded with rulers bishops and popes about a range of political and religious matters Much of what is known about Fulk s career comes from the historian Flodoard s History of the Church of Reims written in 948 52 which narrates his life and preserves summaries of some 76 letters half of which were written to or sent by popes 1 Fulk corresponded with Alfred the Great regarding the needs of the English church and rebuked Queen Richilde for what he considered irregular behavior 2 Upon the deposition of the Carolingian emperor Charles the Fat in 887 Fulk attempted to install his kinsman Guy III Duke of Spoleto as king of West Francia and even crowned him at Langres in 888 However Odo the Robertian count of Paris was crowned by Walter archbishop of Sens and accepted by the nobles as king Fulk having had his favoured candidate passed over continued to oppose Odo s rule and as a possible alternative turned first to Arnulf of Carinthia who had succeeded Charles in East Francia also to no avail Fulk eventually settled for backing the young Carolingian Charles the Simple the son of Louis the Stammerer who had been passed over in 888 on account of his youth In 893 Fulk crowned Charles king in opposition to Odo and following continued conflict among the kingdom s magnates agreement was reached whereby Charles would succeed Odo which happened in 898 3 The rivalries and factions that emerged in this period set the stage for frequent conflicts between the Carolingians Robertians and other noble families in the coming decades Upon Charles accession he made Fulk his chancellor Following a period of intensified Viking raiding in the late ninth century in 893 Fulk restored the schools of Reims bringing in the renowned teachers Remigius of Auxerre and Hucbald of Saint Amand 4 Political tensions continued to simmer however and in 900 Fulk was assassinated on the orders of Count Baldwin of Flanders Charles granted to Fulk the abbey of St Vaast which had previously been held by Baldwin whom the king suspected of disloyalty While traveling with a small escort to meet with Charles Fulk was killed by a man called Winemar and several accomplices all of whom were in the service of Baldwin 5 The murder of a bishop was extremely rare in the Carolingian period and the event shocked contemporaries as indicated by the independent accounts of the chroniclers Regino of Prum the anonymous author of the Annals of Saint Vaast and Flodoard of Reims 6 Fulk was succeeded in the archbishopric by Heriveus who convened a synod where Winemar was excommunicated for his crime References edit Roberts Edward 2019 Flodoard of Rheims and the Writing of History in the Tenth Century Cambridge Cambridge University Press p 117 ISBN 9781316510391 Nelson Janet L 1997 sicut olim gens Francorum nunc gens Anglorum Fulk s Letter to Alfred Revisited in Alfred the Wise Studies in Honour of Janet Bately on the Occasion of her Sixty Fifth Birthday eds J Roberts J L Nelson and M Godden PDF Woodbridge pp 135 44 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link West Charles 2016 Fratres omni die videtis cum vadit istud regnum in perdicionem Abbo of Saint Germain and the Crisis of 888 Reti Medievali Rivista 17 301 17 at 301 3 Glenn Jason 2004 Politics and History in the Tenth Century The Work and World of Richer of Reims Cambridge Cambridge University Press pp 54 69 ISBN 978 0521834872 Dunbabin Jean 2000 West Francia The Kingdom in The New Cambridge Medieval History Vol III ed Timothy Reuter Cambridge Cambridge University Press pp 372 97 at 377 doi 10 1017 CHOL9780521364478 016 MacLean Simon 2009 History and Politics in Late Carolingian and Ottonian Europe The Chronicle of Regino of Prum and Adalbert of Magdeburg Manchester Manchester University Press pp 227 28 ISBN 9780719071355 Catholic Church titlesPreceded byHincmar Archbishop of Reims882 900 Succeeded byHeriveus Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Fulk archbishop of Reims amp oldid 1212309777, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
