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Bowling action

January 01, 1970

In the sport of cricket, the bowling action is the set of movements that result in the bowler releasing the ball in the direction of the batsman.

Components of a typical bowling action

The bowling action can be broken down into a number of parts:

  • Grip
  • Approach
  • Bound (pre delivery stride)
  • Delivery stride
    • Back foot contact
    • Front foot contact
  • Point of release
  • Follow through

There are certain principles that apply to all parts of the bowling action, such as balance, athleticism and keeping the movement flowing in a narrow corridor directed towards the batsman.[1]

Coaching books describe idealised bowling actions. But good coaches are well aware that many successful bowlers employ their own unique styles and some give birth to new, improved technique (for example, Bart King). The above links all describe the most commonly taught techniques.[2]

Approach edit

 
A photo montage of Mitchell Johnson running in to bowl

The approach is the motion of the bowler prior to bowling the ball. It is also known as the run-up.[3]

A spinner's approach differs from that of a medium pace or fast bowler, but certain principles remain the same:

  • Balance: lack of balance in the approach translates into lack of balance in the later stages of the action and so absence of accuracy.
  • Consistency: a consistent approach allows the later phases of the bowling action to be consistent. Moreover, inconsistency is likely to lead to bowling no-balls.
  • Head still and upright.

The strides of the bound, back foot contact, front foot contact and the first stride of the follow through should all be in line to give a balanced action that flows towards the target. Medium pace and quick bowlers usually employ a straight approach that is aligned toward the target. Spin bowlers, on the other hand, tend to have more varied approaches.

As a general rule the different types of bowlers use similar approaches to each other. For example, Spin bowlers tend to have very short run-ups, some even approach the bowling crease at a walking pace. Medium bowlers tend to run up off a short run-up of about 10 paces or so. Fast bowlers tend to have long, rhythmical run-ups to allow them to develop momentum which adds to their ability to bowl the ball at high speeds.[4]

Other recommended elements of the approach are:

  • Starting with shorter strides then lengthening to cruise in to the bound.
  • Leaning slightly forward, running on the balls of the feet.
  • Running with the hands pumping, tucked into the side. This tucked in run up is intended to set the pattern for the whole delivery, keeping everything in a tight corridor flowing towards the target. Some bowlers choose to sacrifice this to cover the ball with the non-bowling hand to disguise the grip.
  • Long enough to hit the desired cruise speed and arrive balanced at the bound. Some bowlers, especially chest on bowlers tend to run through the crease. This adds the speed of the approach to the speed at which the ball is released. In contrast, side on bowlers tend to be more similar to javelin throwers. The lower part of their body brakes between front foot contact and point of release causing a whip like effect. Hence side on bowlers tend to have slower approaches.

The ball must be delivered from behind a bowling crease, but preparation to bowl the ball can be done any way the bowler wishes. Every different bowler approaches the wicket in a personal way, and so there can be many and varied "run-ups".

The term "run-up" can also refer to the area where the bowler runs during his run-up.[5]

Bound edit

The bound is a jump that allows the bowler to transition from the run-up to the back foot contact position. For a chest on bowler not much transition is needed. So, many chest on bowlers have a low, short bound. In contrast, side on bowlers need to rotate their bodies through ninety degrees and so tend to have a longer, higher bound. A high bound can lead to the knee on the back foot collapsing and so lose momentum.

Delivery stride edit

Delivery stride is the stride during which the delivery swing is made, whether the ball is released or not. It starts when the bowler's back foot lands for that stride and ends when the front foot lands in the same stride.[6]

Back foot contact edit

Back foot contact is position of the bowler at the instant when the back foot lands on the ground just prior to delivering the ball. For a right-handed bowler, the back foot is normally the right foot.

An alternative name for back foot contact is coil.

Alignment

To avoid back injury it is important that the hips and shoulders are aligned at back foot contact. This can be done in any of the following positions:

  • Side on: the back foot is parallel to the bowling crease causing the hips to be side on. The non-bowling arm is positioned in front of head so causing the shoulders to align with the hips. A classic example of a side on bowler is Dennis Lillee.
  • Chest on: the back foot points straight down the track towards the target, aligning the hips parallel to the bowling crease. The non bowling arm is positioned to the side of the head. This aligns the shoulders and chest parallel with the bowling crease and hips. Malcolm Marshall is an example of a chest on bowler.
  • Mid-way: the back foot is in between the side on and chest on position. A fine example of a mid-way bowler is Allan Donald.
  • If the bowler's back foot is behind parallel to the bowling crease, the bowler loses momentum and speed when delivering the ball. This is because the bowler's back foot bends at the knee and causes momentum to be lost and the bowler then has to go back and lift their whole body back upright.

An action that fails to align hips and shoulders at back foot contact is termed a mixed action.

Other coaching points
  • The body should be upright or just slightly leaning back. Leaning back too far causes momentum to be lost as it takes too long to transfer from back foot contact to front foot contact.
  • Head still and looking at the target.
  • Ball held close to the chin. This tucked in position allows the ball to be brought through in an arc that is aligned with the target. This is obviously important for accuracy, but is also important for power.
  • The non-bowling arm should also be inside or close to the line of the trunk. Traditionally the non-bowling arm is held vertically. More recent bio-mechanical theories have suggested that the non-bowling hand touching the bowling shoulder provides a shorter lever, permitting greater pace for quick bowlers. Shoaib Akhtar uses this technique.
 
A bowler at the point of release

Front foot contact edit

Front foot contact is the position of the bowler at the moment when the front foot hits the ground just prior to delivering the ball. For a right-handed bowler the front foot is normally the left foot.

Point of release edit

The point of release is the position of the ball in relation to the body at the moment when the ball is released. It is crucial for the arm to be stiff, not bent,[7] and the wrist rather looser, to ensure smooth release of the ball, and sufficient bounce off the pitch. Otherwise, the action will resemble chucking. The left shoulder ought to be somewhat towards the stumps, the arm beside the bowler falling away, having just before this stage been pointing directly at the stumps.

For fast bowlers at the point of release the back of hand will be facing in the opposite direction of the batsmen facing the pending delivery. The front of the upright wrist and tips of the index and middle fingers all point to the target. For spin bowlers the wrist may well be at various angles at release point. This is because one is trying to create drag on a particular side of the ball, not propel it straight as per the section above.

 
James Anderson in his follow through while bowling to Michael Clarke.

Follow through edit

The follow through is the motion of the bowler after releasing the ball.[8]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ "Bowling - The basic action". cricket.co.za. Retrieved 9 September 2020.
  2. ^ "A guide to bowling actions". 24 August 2005. Retrieved 9 September 2020.
  3. ^ Eastaway, Rob (2003). What is a googly?. Robson Books. p. 136. ISBN 1-86105-629-X.
  4. ^ Eastaway, Rob (2003). What is a googly?. Robson Books. p. 60. ISBN 1-86105-629-X.
  5. ^ "PitchVision - Live Local Matches | Tips & Techniques | Articles & Podcasts". PitchVision - Advance Cricket Technology | Cricket Analytics. Retrieved 11 September 2020.
  6. ^ Laws of Cricket Appendix D 24 November 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  7. ^ "Cricket". The World Book Encyclopedia. Vol. 4. Chicago: World Book. 1995. p. 197. ISBN 0-7166-0095-1.
  8. ^ Knight, Julian (14 February 2011). Cricket For Dummies. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-119-99656-9.

January 01, 1970
bowling, action, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, february, . This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Bowling action news newspapers books scholar JSTOR February 2013 Learn how and when to remove this message In the sport of cricket the bowling action is the set of movements that result in the bowler releasing the ball in the direction of the batsman Components of a typical bowling action The bowling action can be broken down into a number of parts Grip Approach Bound pre delivery stride Delivery stride Back foot contact Front foot contact Point of release Follow through There are certain principles that apply to all parts of the bowling action such as balance athleticism and keeping the movement flowing in a narrow corridor directed towards the batsman 1 Coaching books describe idealised bowling actions But good coaches are well aware that many successful bowlers employ their own unique styles and some give birth to new improved technique for example Bart King The above links all describe the most commonly taught techniques 2 Contents 1 Approach 2 Bound 3 Delivery stride 3 1 Back foot contact 3 2 Front foot contact 4 Point of release 5 Follow through 6 See also 7 ReferencesApproach edit nbsp A photo montage of Mitchell Johnson running in to bowl The approach is the motion of the bowler prior to bowling the ball It is also known as the run up 3 A spinner s approach differs from that of a medium pace or fast bowler but certain principles remain the same Balance lack of balance in the approach translates into lack of balance in the later stages of the action and so absence of accuracy Consistency a consistent approach allows the later phases of the bowling action to be consistent Moreover inconsistency is likely to lead to bowling no balls Head still and upright The strides of the bound back foot contact front foot contact and the first stride of the follow through should all be in line to give a balanced action that flows towards the target Medium pace and quick bowlers usually employ a straight approach that is aligned toward the target Spin bowlers on the other hand tend to have more varied approaches As a general rule the different types of bowlers use similar approaches to each other For example Spin bowlers tend to have very short run ups some even approach the bowling crease at a walking pace Medium bowlers tend to run up off a short run up of about 10 paces or so Fast bowlers tend to have long rhythmical run ups to allow them to develop momentum which adds to their ability to bowl the ball at high speeds 4 Other recommended elements of the approach are Starting with shorter strides then lengthening to cruise in to the bound Leaning slightly forward running on the balls of the feet Running with the hands pumping tucked into the side This tucked in run up is intended to set the pattern for the whole delivery keeping everything in a tight corridor flowing towards the target Some bowlers choose to sacrifice this to cover the ball with the non bowling hand to disguise the grip Long enough to hit the desired cruise speed and arrive balanced at the bound Some bowlers especially chest on bowlers tend to run through the crease This adds the speed of the approach to the speed at which the ball is released In contrast side on bowlers tend to be more similar to javelin throwers The lower part of their body brakes between front foot contact and point of release causing a whip like effect Hence side on bowlers tend to have slower approaches The ball must be delivered from behind a bowling crease but preparation to bowl the ball can be done any way the bowler wishes Every different bowler approaches the wicket in a personal way and so there can be many and varied run ups The term run up can also refer to the area where the bowler runs during his run up 5 Bound editThe bound is a jump that allows the bowler to transition from the run up to the back foot contact position For a chest on bowler not much transition is needed So many chest on bowlers have a low short bound In contrast side on bowlers need to rotate their bodies through ninety degrees and so tend to have a longer higher bound A high bound can lead to the knee on the back foot collapsing and so lose momentum Delivery stride editDelivery stride is the stride during which the delivery swing is made whether the ball is released or not It starts when the bowler s back foot lands for that stride and ends when the front foot lands in the same stride 6 Back foot contact edit Back foot contact is position of the bowler at the instant when the back foot lands on the ground just prior to delivering the ball For a right handed bowler the back foot is normally the right foot An alternative name for back foot contact is coil Alignment To avoid back injury it is important that the hips and shoulders are aligned at back foot contact This can be done in any of the following positions Side on the back foot is parallel to the bowling crease causing the hips to be side on The non bowling arm is positioned in front of head so causing the shoulders to align with the hips A classic example of a side on bowler is Dennis Lillee Chest on the back foot points straight down the track towards the target aligning the hips parallel to the bowling crease The non bowling arm is positioned to the side of the head This aligns the shoulders and chest parallel with the bowling crease and hips Malcolm Marshall is an example of a chest on bowler Mid way the back foot is in between the side on and chest on position A fine example of a mid way bowler is Allan Donald If the bowler s back foot is behind parallel to the bowling crease the bowler loses momentum and speed when delivering the ball This is because the bowler s back foot bends at the knee and causes momentum to be lost and the bowler then has to go back and lift their whole body back upright An action that fails to align hips and shoulders at back foot contact is termed a mixed action Other coaching points The body should be upright or just slightly leaning back Leaning back too far causes momentum to be lost as it takes too long to transfer from back foot contact to front foot contact Head still and looking at the target Ball held close to the chin This tucked in position allows the ball to be brought through in an arc that is aligned with the target This is obviously important for accuracy but is also important for power The non bowling arm should also be inside or close to the line of the trunk Traditionally the non bowling arm is held vertically More recent bio mechanical theories have suggested that the non bowling hand touching the bowling shoulder provides a shorter lever permitting greater pace for quick bowlers Shoaib Akhtar uses this technique nbsp A bowler at the point of release Front foot contact edit Front foot contact is the position of the bowler at the moment when the front foot hits the ground just prior to delivering the ball For a right handed bowler the front foot is normally the left foot Point of release editThe point of release is the position of the ball in relation to the body at the moment when the ball is released It is crucial for the arm to be stiff not bent 7 and the wrist rather looser to ensure smooth release of the ball and sufficient bounce off the pitch Otherwise the action will resemble chucking The left shoulder ought to be somewhat towards the stumps the arm beside the bowler falling away having just before this stage been pointing directly at the stumps For fast bowlers at the point of release the back of hand will be facing in the opposite direction of the batsmen facing the pending delivery The front of the upright wrist and tips of the index and middle fingers all point to the target For spin bowlers the wrist may well be at various angles at release point This is because one is trying to create drag on a particular side of the ball not propel it straight as per the section above nbsp James Anderson in his follow through while bowling to Michael Clarke Follow through editThe follow through is the motion of the bowler after releasing the ball 8 See also editCricket terminology Throwing cricket References edit Bowling The basic action cricket co za Retrieved 9 September 2020 A guide to bowling actions 24 August 2005 Retrieved 9 September 2020 Eastaway Rob 2003 What is a googly Robson Books p 136 ISBN 1 86105 629 X Eastaway Rob 2003 What is a googly Robson Books p 60 ISBN 1 86105 629 X PitchVision Live Local Matches Tips amp Techniques Articles amp Podcasts PitchVision Advance Cricket Technology Cricket Analytics Retrieved 11 September 2020 Laws of Cricket Appendix D Archived 24 November 2012 at the Wayback Machine Cricket The World Book Encyclopedia Vol 4 Chicago World Book 1995 p 197 ISBN 0 7166 0095 1 Knight Julian 14 February 2011 Cricket For Dummies John Wiley amp Sons ISBN 978 1 119 99656 9 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bowling action amp oldid 1172972337 Front foot contact, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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