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Friedrich Maximilian von Klinger

April 13, 2024

Friedrich Maximilian von Klinger (17 February 1752 – 9 March 1831)[1] was a German dramatist and novelist. His play Sturm und Drang (1776) gave its name to the Sturm und Drang artistic epoch. He was a childhood friend of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and is often closely associated with Jakob Michael Reinhold Lenz. Klinger worked as a playwright for the Seylersche Schauspiel-Gesellschaft for two years, but eventually left the Kingdom of Prussia to become a General in the Imperial Russian Army.

Friedrich von Klinger
Klinger, 1807 etching
BornFriedrich Maximilian Klinger
(1752-02-17)17 February 1752
Free Imperial City of Frankfurt
Died9 March 1831(1831-03-09) (aged 79)
Dorpat, Russian Empire
OccupationDramatist, novelist, military officer
LanguageGerman
EducationUniversity of Gießen
Literary movementSturm und Drang
Notable awards
SpouseElisabeth Alexajef (m. 1788)

Biography edit

One of the few eighteenth-century authors from the lower social class, Klinger was born in Frankfurt am Main. His father, Johannes Klinger (1719–1760),[2] was a town constable in Frankfurt who came from Pfaffen-Beerfurth in the Odenwald where he was born as the son of the mill owner, blacksmith and schoolmaster Johannes Klinger (1671–1743), who was married to Anna Barabra Boßler (1674–1747) since January 17, 1695.[3][4][5] His father died when Klinger was eight years old, forcing his mother Cornelia Fuchs Klinger, a sergeant's daughter, to support her son and two daughters by washing laundry from the Frankfurt elite—including, perhaps, Klinger's future friends and patrons, the Goethes of Hirschgrabenallee.[6] In spite of this misfortune, Klinger excelled in his studies and won a scholarship to study at the gymnasium, where he also worked as a tutor to earn money for his family.[7]

Klinger was the cousin of Heinrich Philipp Boßler,[8][9][10] who is known as the authorized original publisher of Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven.

Though there is little documentation of Klinger's earliest interactions with Goethe during their Frankfurt years, they appear to have made acquaintance by 1773, as Klinger had begun work on his first dramas, Otto and Das leidende Weib (The Suffering Wife) which, according to his Leipzig publisher, owe a great debt to Goethe's then-unpublished Götz von Berlichingen mit der eisernen Hand. Weygand released the collection at its Easter book fair of 1775, calling them "plays in the Goethean/Lenzian Manner."[6] Additionally, it was only with Goethe's financial assistance that Klinger was able to enroll at the University of Gießen in 1774 where he briefly studied to be a legal clerk.[6]

In 1776, Klinger submitted his tragedy Die Zwillinge (The Twins) to a contest hosted by the Hamburg theatre under the auspices of the actress Sophie Charlotte Ackermann and her son, the famous actor and playwright Friedrich Ludwig Schröder. The play took first prize, earning Klinger enough critical acclaim to be appointed Theaterdichter to the Seylersche Schauspiel-Gesellschaft headed by Abel Seyler and held this post for two years.[11]

In 1778, he joined the Austrian military and fought in the War of the Bavarian Succession. In 1780, he went to Saint Petersburg, became an officer in the Imperial Russian Army, was ennobled and attached to the Grand Duke Paul, whom he accompanied on a journey to Italy and France. In 1785, he was appointed director of the corps of cadets, and after marrying Elizaveta Alekseyeva (rumored to be a natural daughter of Catherine the Great and Prince Grigory Orlov), was made praeses of the Academy of Knights in 1799. In 1803, Klinger was nominated by Emperor Alexander curator of the Universität Dorpat, an office he held until 1817. In 1811, he became lieutenant-general. He then gradually gave up his official posts, and after living for many years in retirement, died in the imperial city of Dorpat in present-day Estonia.[11]

Klinger was a man of vigorous moral character and full of fine feeling, though the bitter experiences and deprivations of his youth are largely reflected in his dramas. It was one of his earliest works, Sturm und Drang (1776), which gave its name to this artistic epoch. In addition to this tragedy and Die Zwillinge (1776), the chief plays of his early period of passionate fervour and restless "storm and stress" are Die neue Arria (1776), Simsone Grisaldo (1776) and Stilpo und seine Kinder (1780). To a later period belongs the fine double tragedy of Medea in Korinth and Medea auf dem Kaukasos (1791). In Russia, he devoted himself mainly to the writing of philosophical romances, of which the best known are Fausts Leben, Taten und Höllenfahrt (1791), Geschichte Giafars des Barmeciden (1792) and Geschichte Raphaeis de Aquillas (1793). This series was closed in 1803 with Betrachtungen und Gedanken über verschiedene Gegenstände der Welt und der Literatur. In these works, Klinger gives calm and dignified expression to the leading ideas which the period of Sturm und Drang had bequeathed to German classical literature.[12]

Works edit

Bibliography edit

Klingers works were published in twelve volumes (1809–1815), also 1832–1833 and 1842. The most recent edition is in eight volumes (1878–1880); but none of these is complete. A selection will be found in A. Sauer, Stürmer und Dränger, vol. 1. (1883). See E. Schmidt, Lenz und Klinger (1878); M. Rieger, Klinger in der Sturm-und Drangperiode (1880); and Klinger in seiner Reife (1896).[15]

Notes edit

  1. ^ "Friedrich Maximilian von Klinger". Edinburgh: Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved 3 July 2020.
  2. ^ Hans von der Au: Zur Geschichte der Odenwälder Familie Klinger, in: Hessische Chronik. Monatsschrift für Familien- und Ortsgeschichte in Hessen und Hessen-Nassau. Dreizehnter Jahrgang. Heft 7/8, Darmstadt 1926, ZDB-ID 400444-9, p. 115.
  3. ^ Boßler, Marcel Christian (2023). "Die hessischen Büchsenmacher Boßler. Teil I – Drei Brüder, ein feurig-pulvriges Kunsthandwerk und die europäisch funkende Vetternschaft von Heinrich Philipp Boßler mit Friedrich Maximilian Klinger". Archiv für hessische Geschichte und Altertumskunde. Neue Folge 81: 74–78. ISSN 0066-636X.
  4. ^ Heinrich Wolf: Familienbuch Reichelsheim 1643–1875. Vol. 2, Mit Pfaffen-Beerfurth, Reichelsheim, Rohrbach, Unter-Ostern und den Verzeichnissen, Otzberg 2018, ISBN 978-3-946295-61-7, p. 969.
  5. ^ Mary K. Klinger: The Klingers from the Odenwald, Hesse, Germany, Ca. 1610-1989, Baltimore 1989, OCLC 20796966, p. 9.
  6. ^ a b c Harris, Edward P. (1990). James N. Hardin and Christoph E. Schweitzer (ed.). "Friedrich Maximilian von Klinger." in German Writers in the Age of Goethe: Sturm und Drang to Classicism (7th ed.). Detroit: Gale Research. Dictionary of Literary Biography, Vol. 94. Retrieved 3 Sep 2012.
  7. ^ Jelavich, Peter (1984). Stanley Hochman (ed.). "Klinger, Friedrich von (1752–1831)" in McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of World Drama: An International Reference Work in 5 Volumes (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw Hill. pp. 167–69. ISBN 0070791694.
  8. ^ Boßler, Marcel Christian (2023). "Die hessischen Büchsenmacher Boßler. Teil I – Drei Brüder, ein feurig-pulvriges Kunsthandwerk und die europäisch funkende Vetternschaft von Heinrich Philipp Boßler mit Friedrich Maximilian Klinger". Archiv für hessische Geschichte und Altertumskunde. Neue Folge 81: 48–49, 58, 72, 74–78. ISSN 0066-636X.
  9. ^ Boßler, Marcel (2020). "Der berühmte Sturm-und-Drang-Dichter Friedrich Maximilian von Klinger aus Frankfurt mit geklärten Odenwälder Wurzeln". Hessische Genealogie. 3 (2): 28–29. ISSN 2626-0220 – via Hessische familiengeschichtliche Vereinigung.
  10. ^ Boßler, Marcel Christian (2020). "Er war nicht zu Zella geboren! Der Hessen-Darmstädtische Hofbüchsenmacher Johann Peter Boßler und seine Dynastie". Waffen- und Kostümkunde. Zeitschrift für Waffen- und Kleidungsgeschichte. 62 (2): 159. ISSN 0042-9945.
  11. ^ a b Chisholm 1911, p. 846.
  12. ^ Chisholm 1911, p. 846–847.
  13. ^ Klinger, Friedrich Maximilian (14 May 2008). Faustushis Life, Death, and Doom – via Project Gutenberg.
  14. ^ Learned, M. D. (22 January 1891). "Review of Klinger's Faust". The American Journal of Philology. 12 (2): 237. doi:10.2307/287918. JSTOR 287918.
  15. ^ Chisholm 1911, p. 847.

References edit

External links edit

  Media related to Friedrich Maximilian Klinger at Wikimedia Commons

April 13, 2024
friedrich, maximilian, klinger, february, 1752, march, 1831, german, dramatist, novelist, play, sturm, drang, 1776, gave, name, sturm, drang, artistic, epoch, childhood, friend, johann, wolfgang, goethe, often, closely, associated, with, jakob, michael, reinho. Friedrich Maximilian von Klinger 17 February 1752 9 March 1831 1 was a German dramatist and novelist His play Sturm und Drang 1776 gave its name to the Sturm und Drang artistic epoch He was a childhood friend of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and is often closely associated with Jakob Michael Reinhold Lenz Klinger worked as a playwright for the Seylersche Schauspiel Gesellschaft for two years but eventually left the Kingdom of Prussia to become a General in the Imperial Russian Army Friedrich von KlingerKlinger 1807 etchingBornFriedrich Maximilian Klinger 1752 02 17 17 February 1752Free Imperial City of FrankfurtDied9 March 1831 1831 03 09 aged 79 Dorpat Russian EmpireOccupationDramatist novelist military officerLanguageGermanEducationUniversity of GiessenLiterary movementSturm und DrangNotable awardsPraeses of the Academy of Knights Curator of the Universitat DorpatSpouseElisabeth Alexajef m 1788 Contents 1 Biography 2 Works 3 Bibliography 4 Notes 5 References 6 External linksBiography editOne of the few eighteenth century authors from the lower social class Klinger was born in Frankfurt am Main His father Johannes Klinger 1719 1760 2 was a town constable in Frankfurt who came from Pfaffen Beerfurth in the Odenwald where he was born as the son of the mill owner blacksmith and schoolmaster Johannes Klinger 1671 1743 who was married to Anna Barabra Bossler 1674 1747 since January 17 1695 3 4 5 His father died when Klinger was eight years old forcing his mother Cornelia Fuchs Klinger a sergeant s daughter to support her son and two daughters by washing laundry from the Frankfurt elite including perhaps Klinger s future friends and patrons the Goethes of Hirschgrabenallee 6 In spite of this misfortune Klinger excelled in his studies and won a scholarship to study at the gymnasium where he also worked as a tutor to earn money for his family 7 Klinger was the cousin of Heinrich Philipp Bossler 8 9 10 who is known as the authorized original publisher of Haydn Mozart and Beethoven Though there is little documentation of Klinger s earliest interactions with Goethe during their Frankfurt years they appear to have made acquaintance by 1773 as Klinger had begun work on his first dramas Otto and Das leidende Weib The Suffering Wife which according to his Leipzig publisher owe a great debt to Goethe s then unpublished Gotz von Berlichingen mit der eisernen Hand Weygand released the collection at its Easter book fair of 1775 calling them plays in the Goethean Lenzian Manner 6 Additionally it was only with Goethe s financial assistance that Klinger was able to enroll at the University of Giessen in 1774 where he briefly studied to be a legal clerk 6 In 1776 Klinger submitted his tragedy Die Zwillinge The Twins to a contest hosted by the Hamburg theatre under the auspices of the actress Sophie Charlotte Ackermann and her son the famous actor and playwright Friedrich Ludwig Schroder The play took first prize earning Klinger enough critical acclaim to be appointed Theaterdichter to the Seylersche Schauspiel Gesellschaft headed by Abel Seyler and held this post for two years 11 In 1778 he joined the Austrian military and fought in the War of the Bavarian Succession In 1780 he went to Saint Petersburg became an officer in the Imperial Russian Army was ennobled and attached to the Grand Duke Paul whom he accompanied on a journey to Italy and France In 1785 he was appointed director of the corps of cadets and after marrying Elizaveta Alekseyeva rumored to be a natural daughter of Catherine the Great and Prince Grigory Orlov was made praeses of the Academy of Knights in 1799 In 1803 Klinger was nominated by Emperor Alexander curator of the Universitat Dorpat an office he held until 1817 In 1811 he became lieutenant general He then gradually gave up his official posts and after living for many years in retirement died in the imperial city of Dorpat in present day Estonia 11 Klinger was a man of vigorous moral character and full of fine feeling though the bitter experiences and deprivations of his youth are largely reflected in his dramas It was one of his earliest works Sturm und Drang 1776 which gave its name to this artistic epoch In addition to this tragedy and Die Zwillinge 1776 the chief plays of his early period of passionate fervour and restless storm and stress are Die neue Arria 1776 Simsone Grisaldo 1776 and Stilpo und seine Kinder 1780 To a later period belongs the fine double tragedy of Medea in Korinth and Medea auf dem Kaukasos 1791 In Russia he devoted himself mainly to the writing of philosophical romances of which the best known are Fausts Leben Taten und Hollenfahrt 1791 Geschichte Giafars des Barmeciden 1792 and Geschichte Raphaeis de Aquillas 1793 This series was closed in 1803 with Betrachtungen und Gedanken uber verschiedene Gegenstande der Welt und der Literatur In these works Klinger gives calm and dignified expression to the leading ideas which the period of Sturm und Drang had bequeathed to German classical literature 12 Works editFaustus 13 Review of Klinger s Faust 14 1890 Sturm und DrangBibliography editKlingers works were published in twelve volumes 1809 1815 also 1832 1833 and 1842 The most recent edition is in eight volumes 1878 1880 but none of these is complete A selection will be found in A Sauer Sturmer und Dranger vol 1 1883 See E Schmidt Lenz und Klinger 1878 M Rieger Klinger in der Sturm und Drangperiode 1880 and Klinger in seiner Reife 1896 15 Notes edit Friedrich Maximilian von Klinger Edinburgh Encyclopaedia Britannica Retrieved 3 July 2020 Hans von der Au Zur Geschichte der Odenwalder Familie Klinger in Hessische Chronik Monatsschrift fur Familien und Ortsgeschichte in Hessen und Hessen Nassau Dreizehnter Jahrgang Heft 7 8 Darmstadt 1926 ZDB ID 400444 9 p 115 Bossler Marcel Christian 2023 Die hessischen Buchsenmacher Bossler Teil I Drei Bruder ein feurig pulvriges Kunsthandwerk und die europaisch funkende Vetternschaft von Heinrich Philipp Bossler mit Friedrich Maximilian Klinger Archiv fur hessische Geschichte und Altertumskunde Neue Folge 81 74 78 ISSN 0066 636X Heinrich Wolf Familienbuch Reichelsheim 1643 1875 Vol 2 Mit Pfaffen Beerfurth Reichelsheim Rohrbach Unter Ostern und den Verzeichnissen Otzberg 2018 ISBN 978 3 946295 61 7 p 969 Mary K Klinger The Klingers from the Odenwald Hesse Germany Ca 1610 1989 Baltimore 1989 OCLC 20796966 p 9 a b c Harris Edward P 1990 James N Hardin and Christoph E Schweitzer ed Friedrich Maximilian von Klinger inGerman Writers in the Age of Goethe Sturm und Drang to Classicism 7th ed Detroit Gale Research Dictionary of Literary Biography Vol 94 Retrieved 3 Sep 2012 Jelavich Peter 1984 Stanley Hochman ed Klinger Friedrich von 1752 1831 inMcGraw Hill Encyclopedia of World Drama An International Reference Work in 5 Volumes 2nd ed New York McGraw Hill pp 167 69 ISBN 0070791694 Bossler Marcel Christian 2023 Die hessischen Buchsenmacher Bossler Teil I Drei Bruder ein feurig pulvriges Kunsthandwerk und die europaisch funkende Vetternschaft von Heinrich Philipp Bossler mit Friedrich Maximilian Klinger Archiv fur hessische Geschichte und Altertumskunde Neue Folge 81 48 49 58 72 74 78 ISSN 0066 636X Bossler Marcel 2020 Der beruhmte Sturm und Drang Dichter Friedrich Maximilian von Klinger aus Frankfurt mit geklarten Odenwalder Wurzeln Hessische Genealogie 3 2 28 29 ISSN 2626 0220 via Hessische familiengeschichtliche Vereinigung Bossler Marcel Christian 2020 Er war nicht zu Zella geboren Der Hessen Darmstadtische Hofbuchsenmacher Johann Peter Bossler und seine Dynastie Waffen und Kostumkunde Zeitschrift fur Waffen und Kleidungsgeschichte 62 2 159 ISSN 0042 9945 a b Chisholm 1911 p 846 Chisholm 1911 p 846 847 Klinger Friedrich Maximilian 14 May 2008 Faustushis Life Death and Doom via Project Gutenberg Learned M D 22 January 1891 Review of Klinger s Faust The American Journal of Philology 12 2 237 doi 10 2307 287918 JSTOR 287918 Chisholm 1911 p 847 References edit nbsp This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Klinger Friedrich Maximilian von Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 15 11th ed Cambridge University Press pp 846 847 External links edit nbsp Media related to Friedrich Maximilian Klinger at Wikimedia Commons Works by Friedrich Maximilian Klinger at Project Gutenberg Works by or about Friedrich Maximilian von Klinger at Internet Archive Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Friedrich Maximilian von Klinger amp oldid 1218272107, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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