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French frigate Sémillante (1791)

January 01, 1970

For other ships with the same name, see French ship Sémillante.

The Sémillante (French: "Shiny" or "Sparkling") was a 32-gun frigate of the French Navy and the lead ship of her class. She was involved in a number of multi-vessel actions against the Royal Navy, particularly in the Indian Ocean. She captured a number of East Indiamen before she became so damaged that the French disarmed her and turned her into a merchant vessel. The British captured her and broke her up in 1809.

Defence of the Centurion in Vizagapatam Road, 15 September 1804, engraving by Thomas Sutherland after a sketch by Sir James Lind
History
France
NameSémillante
BuilderLorient
Laid downDecember 1790
Launched25 November 1791
In serviceMay 1792
Fate
  • Sold in 1808, renamed Charles
  • Captured and broken up
General characteristics
Class and typeSémillante-class frigate
Displacement600 tons (French)
Length45.5 m (149 ft)
Beam11.5 m (38 ft)
Draught5.5 m (18 ft)
Sail planFull-rigged ship
Armament26 × 12-pounder long guns + 6 × 6-pounder guns

French Revolutionary Wars edit

Between 1 July and 21 November 1792, Sémillante was under the command of Commandant chevalier de Bruix, lieutenant de vaisseau. She escorted a convoy and carried troops from Lorient to Saint-Domingue. She returned to Lorient from Port-au-Prince with some government officials.[1] de Bruix, was promoted to the rank of capitaine de vaisseau and remained captain until 14 May 1793, with Sémillante escorting convoys between Bordeaux and Brest.

Lieutenant de vaisseaux Gaillard replaced de Bruix. On 21 May 1793, Sémillante captured the Liverpool privateer Active.[2] She was under the command of Captain Stephen Bower, and was sailing under a letter of marque dated 2 May 1793.[3] The letter of marque described her as a sloop of 100 tons burthen (bm), armed with twelve 4-pounder guns and four swivel guns, and having a crew of 40 men.[3] The British later recaptured Active and sent her into Guernsey.[2][a] The next day, Sémillante captured the Guernsey privateer Betsey, of 10 guns and 55 men.[b]

On 27 May 1794, Sémillante encountered the British frigate Venus. In the ensuing combat, which lasted some two hours, Sémillante lost 20 men killed and 40 wounded, Gaillard being among the dead. When Venus lost her main top mast, Sémillante was able to extricate herself and escape to Brest, where she arrived on 2 June.[2]

Enseigne de vaisseau non entretenu Garreau replaced Gaillard. Later, Capitaine de vaisseau Lemancq took command.[4] In June–July 1794, Lemancq sailed to the United States, returning with a convoy and passengers from the Chesapeake to Brest.[5]

In May–June 1795, Sémillante was under the command of lieutenant de vaisseau Bertrand (aîné). He sailed her to New York, returning to Lorient.[6] He later received promotion to capitaine de vaisseau, and sailed Sémillante on a cruise in the Atlantic in May 1796, before returning to Lorient.[7] The next year, he carried passengers from Port Francais in Sainte-Domingue to Guadeloupe and then to Lorient.[8]

 
Sémillante at the Battle of Tory Island, 12 October 1798

In 1798, Sémillante took part in the Expédition d'Irlande, and notably the Battle of Tory Island. At the time she was under the command of capitaine de frégate Lacoutre.[9]

On 9 April 1799, Sémillante, under the command of capitaine de frégate Montalan,[10] along with Vengeance and Cornélie, encountered and fought HMS St Fiorenzo and HMS Amelia off Belle Île.[11] The engagement was indecisive, with the French ships escaping up the Loire. The British suffered three men killed and 35 wounded.[12]

In November–December 1800, Montalan was still captain of Sémillante when she carried Citizen Pichon, France's commissionaire general for commercial relations, to the United States.[13] In January 1801 Sémillante sailed back to Lorient.[14]

Napoleonic Wars edit

Between 15 May 1803 and 17 December, capitaine de frégate (later capitaine de vaisseau) Léonard Motard sailed Sémillante to the East Indies. There she destroyed English factories on Sumatra and near the roads of Batavia.[15]

In 1804, Sémillante was based at Île de France to engage in commerce raiding.

Sémillante and the frigate Atalante were sailing in a squadron under the command of Contre-Admiral Charles-Alexandre Durand Linois with the 74-gun third rate ship of the line Marengo.[16]

 
Sémillante can be seen in this printed key for a view of the Battle of Pulau Aur, a painting by Francis Sartorius, the younger after a drawing by an officer on board the Henry Addington

Sémillante was in Linois' squadron at the Battle of Pulo Aura on 15 February 1804. Linois attacked the British East India Company's China Fleet, a large convoy of well-armed merchant ships carrying cargo worth £8 million. Although the entire British fleet consisted of merchantmen, escorted by the East India Company's tiny gun-brig Ganges, Linois failed to press the attack. Instead, he withdrew with the convoy at his mercy, invoking the anger of Napoleon when the news reached France.

In August Linois was cruising in the Indian Ocean in Marengo, together with Atalante and Sémillante. On the 18th, near Desnoeufs Island they encountered and captured two British merchant men, Charlotte and Upton Castle. They had been on their way to Bombay when Linois's squadron captured them.[17]

Linois described Charlotte as being copper-sheathed, of 650 tons and 16 guns. She was carrying a cargo of rice. Upton Castle he described as being copper-sheathed, of 627 tons, and 14 guns. She was carrying a cargo of wheat and other products from Bengal. He sent both his prizes into Isle de France (Mauritius).[17]

On 15 September, under Motard, together with Marengo and Atalanta, Sémillante participated in the Battle of Vizagapatam. During the battle the three French ships engaged the sole British warship, the 50-gun HMS Centurion. Sémillante also captured the East Indiaman Princess Charlotte. The French squadron caused a second East Indiaman, Barnaby, to panic and run aground.[18] Despite his overwhelming superiority in firepower, Linois once again withdrew his squadron, leaving Centurion to survive.

On 3 December, along with Berceau, Sémillante destroyed and captured seven British merchantmen off Paolo Bay. On 15 May 1806, she recaptured the French privateer Île de France, taken by HMS Duncan circa April 1804, and scuttled Île de France as she was "of low value and a poor sailor".[19]

On 8 June 1806, Sémillante captured the country ships Acteon, Olive, and Active. Later she also captured the country ships James Drummond and Fame. Members of her crew recaptured Fame.[20] Sémillante put a prize crew on Fame but also left her fourth officer and many lascars on board. These overpowered the prize crew and took Fame into Bombay.

On 11 November, she encountered HMS Sceptre and HMS Cornwallis; an engagement developed on 13 November that resulted in the British ships withdrawing.

On 22 August 1807 Experiment, Cripps, master, was sailing from Rangoon to Calcutta when she encountered Sémillante, which captured Experiment, took off her officers, and put on a prize crew of four or five men with orders to sail to Île de France. The lascars overpowered the prize crew on 22 October, and forced the French to sail Experiment to Ganjam, where she arrived on 4 November. In the meantime, Sémillante had landed on the coast of India a number of captains and officers of vessels she had captured, and these men had made their way back to Calcutta.[21]

Between 15 March and 18 March 1808, Sémillante fought a running battle with HMS Terpsichore, and escaped to Île de France. Terpsichore suffered 21 men killed and 20 wounded. Sémillante was so seriously damaged that the French removed her armament and decommissioned her on 10 July. However, the principal damage to Sémillante apparently was due to an explosion in a room near the magazine during the action. To reduce risk, the crew flooded the magazine, leaving her without usable powder, Sémillante had no choice but to break off the action with Terpsichore and return to port. Sémillante reportedly had five men killed and six wounded, including Motard, who may have had to have his arm amputated.[22] It is not clear from the report how many casualties were due to the action and how many to the explosion.

Charles edit

In September Robert Surcouf purchased Sémillante, after his own ship, the Revenant, had been requisitioned for the defence of the island. He renamed Sémillante Charles after his late brother and sailed her to Saint Malo, laden with the spoils of his campaign. (By some accounts he brought with him almost 8 million French francs.[23]) He arrived in February 1809, and did not go to sea again, though he did arm and fit out privateers.

On 5 February 1809, the day after she arrived, Charles sank in Saint-Servan harbour; she was later raised and rebuilt.[24][19] In 1810 she was recommissioned in Saint-Malo with 22 guns and a crew of 195 men,[25] under the command of Pierre Alexandre Marrauld.

On 15 October 1810 the privateer Charles, of 20 guns and 200 men, captured the Howe, Pentrick, master. Howe had sailed for Penzance from Quebec in a convoy of 25 vessels under escort by Grasshopper, but had separated from the convoy five days earlier. Charles detained Howe for some six hours, took a few things, but then permitted Howe to proceed. Howe arrived at Penzance on 19 October.[26]

On 16 October, a French privateer brig detained the Hope, Craig, master, as Hope was sailing from New Brunswick to Plymouth. The privateer took all the sails, rigging, stores, etc. from Hope. On the next day the privateer Charles came upon Hope and offered her anything she might need. A gale on 22 October cost Hope the rigging, sails, and the like that Charles had provided, as well as her bowsprit, foremast, and maintopmast. Hope nevertheless arrived safely at the Scilly Islands on the 28th.[27]

On 26 October, Charles captured the Americana, Fousica, master, which was sailing from Bahia to London. HMS Dryad recaptured Americana on 31 October; Americana then arrived at Plymouth on 9 November.[28][29][c]

Fate edit

On 8 November 1810 about 400 miles (640 km) west of Finisterre (44°41′N 21°24′W / 44.683°N 21.400°W / 44.683; -21.400). Charles encountered the British frigate HMS Amelia. A 13-hour running chase ensued, with speeds reaching as much as 12½ knots, before Charles struck.[31] Amelia then sent her into Plymouth.[32] Too old and damaged to be brought into British service, she was broken up.[23][33]

Notes edit

  1. ^ This may have been Actif, which the Royal Navy took into service as HMS Actif.
  2. ^ This may have been Betsey, of 160 tons (bm), twelve 4-pounder guns and six swivel guns, under the command of Peter DePutron, and sailing under a letter of marque dated 17 April 1793.[3] In any case, the French took her into service in July as Betzy, and she proceeded to serve as a convoy escort between Brest and Lorient. Amazon captured her off Ushant on 12 June 1796. The Royal Navy did not take her into service.
  3. ^ Lloyd's Register describes Americana as teak-built, of 283 tons, and from the Brazils. It gave her trade as London-Brazil.[30]

Citations edit

  1. ^ Fonds marine, p. 35.
  2. ^ a b c Williams (1897), p. 314.
  3. ^ a b c Letter of Marque . Archived from the original on 2015-07-09. Retrieved 2015-10-07. - accessed 15 May 2011.
  4. ^ Fonds marine, p.44.
  5. ^ Fonds marine, p.82.
  6. ^ Fonds marine, p.141.
  7. ^ Fonds marine, p.168.
  8. ^ Fonds marine, p.192.
  9. ^ Fonds marine, p.203.
  10. ^ Fonds marine, p. 221.
  11. ^ The Naval History of Great Britain, 1793 - 1820, Volumes II and IV, by William James, R. Bentley, London, 1837.
  12. ^ "No. 15126". The London Gazette. 20 April 1799. p. 371.
  13. ^ Fonds Marine, p.244.
  14. ^ Fonds Marine, p. 272.
  15. ^ Fonds Marine, p. 290.
  16. ^ Woodman (2001), p. 172.
  17. ^ a b Mercure de France (1804), Vol. 20, p.380.
  18. ^ (in French) Histoire de Deux Marins Bretons 2009-03-15 at the Wayback Machine
  19. ^ a b Demerliac (2003), p. 327, n°2811.
  20. ^ Lloyd's List №4142.
  21. ^ Asiatic Annual Register (1811), Vol. 10, p.16.
  22. ^ Asiatic Register, (1811), Vol. 10, p.67.
  23. ^ a b (in German) Die Geschichte der französischen Fregatte SEMILLANTE (36) von 1791 bis 1809 2009-03-25 at the Wayback Machine
  24. ^ Service Historique de la Marine, documents SH324, №201-204.
  25. ^ Demerliac (2003), p. 329, n°2827.
  26. ^ Lloyd's List, n° 4504 - accessed 29 September 2015.
  27. ^ Lloyd's List n°4508 - accessed 29 September 2015.
  28. ^ "No. 16477". The London Gazette. 20 April 1811. p. 736.
  29. ^ Lloyd's List n°4510 - accessed 29 September 2015.
  30. ^ Lloyd's Register (1810).
  31. ^ "No. 16426". The London Gazette. 17 November 1810. p. 1841.
  32. ^ Lloyd's List n°4512 - accessed 30 September 2015.
  33. ^ fregate la Semillante.

References edit

  • Archives de France (2000). Fonds marine campagnes : opérations, divisions et stations navales, missions diverses : inventaire de la sous-série Marine BB⁴. Centre historique des Archives nationales. ISBN 978-2860002653.
  • Demerliac, Alain (2003). La Marine du Consulat et du Premier Empire: Nomenclature des Navires Français de 1800 à 1815 (in French). Éditions Ancre. ISBN 2-903179-30-1.
  • Williams, Gomer (1897). History of the Liverpool Privateers and Letters of Marque: With an Account of the Liverpool Slave Trade. W. Heinemann.
  • Woodman, Richard (2001). The Sea Warriors. Constable Publishers. ISBN 1-84119-183-3.

External links edit

  •   Media related to Sémillante (ship, 1791) at Wikimedia Commons

January 01, 1970
french, frigate, sémillante, 1791, other, ships, with, same, name, french, ship, sémillante, sémillante, french, shiny, sparkling, frigate, french, navy, lead, ship, class, involved, number, multi, vessel, actions, against, royal, navy, particularly, indian, o. For other ships with the same name see French ship Semillante The Semillante French Shiny or Sparkling was a 32 gun frigate of the French Navy and the lead ship of her class She was involved in a number of multi vessel actions against the Royal Navy particularly in the Indian Ocean She captured a number of East Indiamen before she became so damaged that the French disarmed her and turned her into a merchant vessel The British captured her and broke her up in 1809 Defence of the Centurion in Vizagapatam Road 15 September 1804 engraving by Thomas Sutherland after a sketch by Sir James LindHistory France NameSemillante BuilderLorient Laid downDecember 1790 Launched25 November 1791 In serviceMay 1792 FateSold in 1808 renamed Charles Captured and broken up General characteristics Class and typeSemillante class frigate Displacement600 tons French Length45 5 m 149 ft Beam11 5 m 38 ft Draught5 5 m 18 ft Sail planFull rigged ship Armament26 12 pounder long guns 6 6 pounder guns Contents 1 French Revolutionary Wars 2 Napoleonic Wars 3 Charles 4 Fate 5 Notes 6 Citations 7 References 8 External linksFrench Revolutionary Wars editBetween 1 July and 21 November 1792 Semillante was under the command of Commandant chevalier de Bruix lieutenant de vaisseau She escorted a convoy and carried troops from Lorient to Saint Domingue She returned to Lorient from Port au Prince with some government officials 1 de Bruix was promoted to the rank of capitaine de vaisseau and remained captain until 14 May 1793 with Semillante escorting convoys between Bordeaux and Brest Lieutenant de vaisseaux Gaillard replaced de Bruix On 21 May 1793 Semillante captured the Liverpool privateer Active 2 She was under the command of Captain Stephen Bower and was sailing under a letter of marque dated 2 May 1793 3 The letter of marque described her as a sloop of 100 tons burthen bm armed with twelve 4 pounder guns and four swivel guns and having a crew of 40 men 3 The British later recaptured Active and sent her into Guernsey 2 a The next day Semillante captured the Guernsey privateer Betsey of 10 guns and 55 men b On 27 May 1794 Semillante encountered the British frigate Venus In the ensuing combat which lasted some two hours Semillante lost 20 men killed and 40 wounded Gaillard being among the dead When Venus lost her main top mast Semillante was able to extricate herself and escape to Brest where she arrived on 2 June 2 Enseigne de vaisseau non entretenu Garreau replaced Gaillard Later Capitaine de vaisseau Lemancq took command 4 In June July 1794 Lemancq sailed to the United States returning with a convoy and passengers from the Chesapeake to Brest 5 In May June 1795 Semillante was under the command of lieutenant de vaisseau Bertrand aine He sailed her to New York returning to Lorient 6 He later received promotion to capitaine de vaisseau and sailed Semillante on a cruise in the Atlantic in May 1796 before returning to Lorient 7 The next year he carried passengers from Port Francais in Sainte Domingue to Guadeloupe and then to Lorient 8 nbsp Semillante at the Battle of Tory Island 12 October 1798 In 1798 Semillante took part in the Expedition d Irlande and notably the Battle of Tory Island At the time she was under the command of capitaine de fregate Lacoutre 9 On 9 April 1799 Semillante under the command of capitaine de fregate Montalan 10 along with Vengeance and Cornelie encountered and fought HMS St Fiorenzo and HMS Amelia off Belle Ile 11 The engagement was indecisive with the French ships escaping up the Loire The British suffered three men killed and 35 wounded 12 In November December 1800 Montalan was still captain of Semillante when she carried Citizen Pichon France s commissionaire general for commercial relations to the United States 13 In January 1801 Semillante sailed back to Lorient 14 Napoleonic Wars editBetween 15 May 1803 and 17 December capitaine de fregate later capitaine de vaisseau Leonard Motard sailed Semillante to the East Indies There she destroyed English factories on Sumatra and near the roads of Batavia 15 In 1804 Semillante was based at Ile de France to engage in commerce raiding Semillante and the frigate Atalante were sailing in a squadron under the command of Contre Admiral Charles Alexandre Durand Linois with the 74 gun third rate ship of the line Marengo 16 nbsp Semillante can be seen in this printed key for a view of the Battle of Pulau Aur a painting by Francis Sartorius the younger after a drawing by an officer on board the Henry Addington Semillante was in Linois squadron at the Battle of Pulo Aura on 15 February 1804 Linois attacked the British East India Company s China Fleet a large convoy of well armed merchant ships carrying cargo worth 8 million Although the entire British fleet consisted of merchantmen escorted by the East India Company s tiny gun brig Ganges Linois failed to press the attack Instead he withdrew with the convoy at his mercy invoking the anger of Napoleon when the news reached France In August Linois was cruising in the Indian Ocean in Marengo together with Atalante and Semillante On the 18th near Desnoeufs Island they encountered and captured two British merchant men Charlotte and Upton Castle They had been on their way to Bombay when Linois s squadron captured them 17 Linois described Charlotte as being copper sheathed of 650 tons and 16 guns She was carrying a cargo of rice Upton Castle he described as being copper sheathed of 627 tons and 14 guns She was carrying a cargo of wheat and other products from Bengal He sent both his prizes into Isle de France Mauritius 17 On 15 September under Motard together with Marengo and Atalanta Semillante participated in the Battle of Vizagapatam During the battle the three French ships engaged the sole British warship the 50 gun HMS Centurion Semillante also captured the East Indiaman Princess Charlotte The French squadron caused a second East Indiaman Barnaby to panic and run aground 18 Despite his overwhelming superiority in firepower Linois once again withdrew his squadron leaving Centurion to survive On 3 December along with Berceau Semillante destroyed and captured seven British merchantmen off Paolo Bay On 15 May 1806 she recaptured the French privateer Ile de France taken by HMS Duncan circa April 1804 and scuttled Ile de France as she was of low value and a poor sailor 19 On 8 June 1806 Semillante captured the country ships Acteon Olive and Active Later she also captured the country ships James Drummond and Fame Members of her crew recaptured Fame 20 Semillante put a prize crew on Fame but also left her fourth officer and many lascars on board These overpowered the prize crew and took Fame into Bombay On 11 November she encountered HMS Sceptre and HMS Cornwallis an engagement developed on 13 November that resulted in the British ships withdrawing On 22 August 1807 Experiment Cripps master was sailing from Rangoon to Calcutta when she encountered Semillante which captured Experiment took off her officers and put on a prize crew of four or five men with orders to sail to Ile de France The lascars overpowered the prize crew on 22 October and forced the French to sail Experiment to Ganjam where she arrived on 4 November In the meantime Semillante had landed on the coast of India a number of captains and officers of vessels she had captured and these men had made their way back to Calcutta 21 Between 15 March and 18 March 1808 Semillante fought a running battle with HMS Terpsichore and escaped to Ile de France Terpsichore suffered 21 men killed and 20 wounded Semillante was so seriously damaged that the French removed her armament and decommissioned her on 10 July However the principal damage to Semillante apparently was due to an explosion in a room near the magazine during the action To reduce risk the crew flooded the magazine leaving her without usable powder Semillante had no choice but to break off the action with Terpsichore and return to port Semillante reportedly had five men killed and six wounded including Motard who may have had to have his arm amputated 22 It is not clear from the report how many casualties were due to the action and how many to the explosion Charles editIn September Robert Surcouf purchased Semillante after his own ship the Revenant had been requisitioned for the defence of the island He renamed Semillante Charles after his late brother and sailed her to Saint Malo laden with the spoils of his campaign By some accounts he brought with him almost 8 million French francs 23 He arrived in February 1809 and did not go to sea again though he did arm and fit out privateers On 5 February 1809 the day after she arrived Charles sank in Saint Servan harbour she was later raised and rebuilt 24 19 In 1810 she was recommissioned in Saint Malo with 22 guns and a crew of 195 men 25 under the command of Pierre Alexandre Marrauld On 15 October 1810 the privateer Charles of 20 guns and 200 men captured the Howe Pentrick master Howe had sailed for Penzance from Quebec in a convoy of 25 vessels under escort by Grasshopper but had separated from the convoy five days earlier Charles detained Howe for some six hours took a few things but then permitted Howe to proceed Howe arrived at Penzance on 19 October 26 On 16 October a French privateer brig detained the Hope Craig master as Hope was sailing from New Brunswick to Plymouth The privateer took all the sails rigging stores etc from Hope On the next day the privateer Charles came upon Hope and offered her anything she might need A gale on 22 October cost Hope the rigging sails and the like that Charles had provided as well as her bowsprit foremast and maintopmast Hope nevertheless arrived safely at the Scilly Islands on the 28th 27 On 26 October Charles captured the Americana Fousica master which was sailing from Bahia to London HMS Dryad recaptured Americana on 31 October Americana then arrived at Plymouth on 9 November 28 29 c Fate editOn 8 November 1810 about 400 miles 640 km west of Finisterre 44 41 N 21 24 W 44 683 N 21 400 W 44 683 21 400 Charles encountered the British frigate HMS Amelia A 13 hour running chase ensued with speeds reaching as much as 12 knots before Charles struck 31 Amelia then sent her into Plymouth 32 Too old and damaged to be brought into British service she was broken up 23 33 Notes edit This may have been Actif which the Royal Navy took into service as HMS Actif This may have been Betsey of 160 tons bm twelve 4 pounder guns and six swivel guns under the command of Peter DePutron and sailing under a letter of marque dated 17 April 1793 3 In any case the French took her into service in July as Betzy and she proceeded to serve as a convoy escort between Brest and Lorient Amazon captured her off Ushant on 12 June 1796 The Royal Navy did not take her into service Lloyd s Register describes Americana as teak built of 283 tons and from the Brazils It gave her trade as London Brazil 30 Citations edit Fonds marine p 35 a b c Williams 1897 p 314 a b c Letter of Marque War of 1812 UK sources for Privateers Archived from the original on 2015 07 09 Retrieved 2015 10 07 accessed 15 May 2011 Fonds marine p 44 Fonds marine p 82 Fonds marine p 141 Fonds marine p 168 Fonds marine p 192 Fonds marine p 203 Fonds marine p 221 The Naval History of Great Britain 1793 1820 Volumes II and IV by William James R Bentley London 1837 No 15126 The London Gazette 20 April 1799 p 371 Fonds Marine p 244 Fonds Marine p 272 Fonds Marine p 290 Woodman 2001 p 172 a b Mercure de France 1804 Vol 20 p 380 in French Histoire de Deux Marins Bretons Archived 2009 03 15 at the Wayback Machine a b Demerliac 2003 p 327 n 2811 Lloyd s List 4142 Asiatic Annual Register 1811 Vol 10 p 16 Asiatic Register 1811 Vol 10 p 67 a b in German Die Geschichte der franzosischen Fregatte SEMILLANTE 36 von 1791 bis 1809 Archived 2009 03 25 at the Wayback Machine Service Historique de la Marine documents SH324 201 204 Demerliac 2003 p 329 n 2827 Lloyd s List n 4504 accessed 29 September 2015 Lloyd s List n 4508 accessed 29 September 2015 No 16477 The London Gazette 20 April 1811 p 736 Lloyd s List n 4510 accessed 29 September 2015 Lloyd s Register 1810 No 16426 The London Gazette 17 November 1810 p 1841 Lloyd s List n 4512 accessed 30 September 2015 fregate la Semillante References editArchives de France 2000 Fonds marine campagnes operations divisions et stations navales missions diverses inventaire de la sous serie Marine BB Centre historique des Archives nationales ISBN 978 2860002653 Demerliac Alain 2003 La Marine du Consulat et du Premier Empire Nomenclature des Navires Francais de 1800 a 1815 in French Editions Ancre ISBN 2 903179 30 1 Williams Gomer 1897 History of the Liverpool Privateers and Letters of Marque With an Account of the Liverpool Slave Trade W Heinemann Woodman Richard 2001 The Sea Warriors Constable Publishers ISBN 1 84119 183 3 External links edit nbsp Media related to Semillante ship 1791 at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title French frigate Semillante 1791 amp oldid 1171719724, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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