Legislative elections were held in France between 9 and 18 April 1798 to elect one-third of the members of the Council of Five Hundred and the Council of Ancients, the lower and upper houses of the legislature, as well as 201 vacant seats. They marked the beginning of the end of the French far-left and rise of the anti-Montagnard and anti-Jacobin groupings. The 1798 elections were partially invalidated by the passage of the Law of 22 Floréal Year VI which saw 106 Montagnards lose their seats by decree of the Council of Five Hundred.
After the Coup of 18 Fructidor Year V, which saw the union of pro-Republican French parties (The Mountain, Jacobins, and Thermidorians), faced with the threat of a bourbon restoration, the reconstitution of the 'clubs' is authorised. With the new 'constitutional circles', these clubs would help public authorities to help rid any 'Monarchists' and support the Republican defence policy. However, this partially led to a backfire when terrorists, Babouvists, and supporters of the Constitution of the Year III, began attacking the Monarchists leading to open attacks in the streets, leading to the downfall of the extremist Jacobin club and rise of the moderate Thermidorians.[1]
In order to prevent further monarchist gains, the new 'coup assembly' organised several laws by working with the Council of Ancients which would see a reduction of the royalist supporters. Among the many laws passed was the 'one thirds' vote, in which only one third of the assembly would be up for 're-election' while the other 2/3rd would be 'up for election' but the vote wouldn't really count. This was passed in the lower house, but when moved to the Ancients, it was denied by a very large majority and the law thrown away.[1]
Resultsedit
The election of 1798 saw one-third of the legislative body up for election, or about 236 of the conventional members from 1795, as well as 190 seats vacant since the coup, and 11 seats of those who have died or resigned, leaving a total of 437 deputies. 298 seats are to be renewed in the Council of Five Hundred and 139 in the Council of Ancients.[2]
Voter turnout fell, with just 20% of the eligible population voting, compared to 23% in 1797 and later 11.5% in 1799. The massive abstention is almost entirely in-part due to the support of the moderate and royalist parties which had been ousted following the coup.[3]
Throughout France however, the local departmental and 'mother assemblies' of the regions become dominated by pro-Monarchy parties or the new 'pro-directorial' party (known today as the Thermidorians). Not only are the smaller regions owned by the monarchists, but more than 27 electoral assemblies are now also controlled by monarchists (these assemblies would elect their deputies to the assembly).[1]
In the smaller departments however, the results are the opposite, with the regions of Pyrénées-Atlantiques and Pyrénées-Orientales, Massif Central, Bouches-du-Rhône, Doubs, Sarthe, Seine, and some 40 other departments voting for the neo-Jacobins (the moderate faction of the Jacobins). Five departments opt for the monarchists. The directionals also had good results in the Eastern, Western, and eastern edge of the Massif Central. On the other hand, however, many of the remaining departments have assemblies which are split and/or indecisive in achieving a majority.[1]
Among the many new neo-Jacobins elected, includes Lucien Bonaparte, Bertrand Barère and Jean-Baptiste Robert Lindet. In the councils, out of a total of 807 representatives, the groups are now distributed as follows: 387 directorials (107 more and a gain of 38% compared to Year V), 175 Jacobins (105 more) and 245 independents or undetermined. The Directory retains a majority of around 400 deputies in the councils, but the threat of another defeat in the 1799 elections makes the results unacceptable.[1][4]
Woronoff, Denis (2004). La République bourgeoise de Thermidor à Brumaire 1794-1799. France: Éditions du Seuil. ISBN978-2757846704. OCLC 1191043797.
Deville, Gabriel (1901). Thermidor et Directoire – 1794 – 1799. History of Socialism in France. France: J. Rouff.
Biard, Michel (2007). Les Lilliputiens de la centralisation : des intendants aux préfets, les hésitations d'un modèle français. France: Éditions Champ Vallon. ISBN9782876734623.
Perrin de Boussac, Henri (1983). Un témoin de la Révolution et de l'Empire : Charles Jean-Marie Alquier (1752 – 1826). France: Rumeur des âges.
April 15, 2024
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Legislative elections were held in France between 9 and 18 April 1798 to elect one third of the members of the Council of Five Hundred and the Council of Ancients the lower and upper houses of the legislature as well as 201 vacant seats They marked the beginning of the end of the French far left and rise of the anti Montagnard and anti Jacobin groupings The 1798 elections were partially invalidated by the passage of the Law of 22 Floreal Year VI which saw 106 Montagnards lose their seats by decree of the Council of Five Hundred 1798 French Directory election 1797 9 18 April 1798 1799 298 seats in the Council of Five Hundred and 139 seats in the Council of Ancients First party Second party Leader Paul Barras Marie Joseph ChenierParty Thermidorians JacobinsSeats after 387 175Seat change 107 105President of the Council of Five Hundred before electionJacques Antoine Creuze LatoucheJacobin Club Elected President of the Council of Five Hundred Marie Joseph Chenier Contents 1 Background 2 Results 3 Footnotes 4 ReferencesBackground editAfter the Coup of 18 Fructidor Year V which saw the union of pro Republican French parties The Mountain Jacobins and Thermidorians faced with the threat of a bourbon restoration the reconstitution of the clubs is authorised With the new constitutional circles these clubs would help public authorities to help rid any Monarchists and support the Republican defence policy However this partially led to a backfire when terrorists Babouvists and supporters of the Constitution of the Year III began attacking the Monarchists leading to open attacks in the streets leading to the downfall of the extremist Jacobin club and rise of the moderate Thermidorians 1 In order to prevent further monarchist gains the new coup assembly organised several laws by working with the Council of Ancients which would see a reduction of the royalist supporters Among the many laws passed was the one thirds vote in which only one third of the assembly would be up for re election while the other 2 3rd would be up for election but the vote wouldn t really count This was passed in the lower house but when moved to the Ancients it was denied by a very large majority and the law thrown away 1 Results editThe election of 1798 saw one third of the legislative body up for election or about 236 of the conventional members from 1795 as well as 190 seats vacant since the coup and 11 seats of those who have died or resigned leaving a total of 437 deputies 298 seats are to be renewed in the Council of Five Hundred and 139 in the Council of Ancients 2 Voter turnout fell with just 20 of the eligible population voting compared to 23 in 1797 and later 11 5 in 1799 The massive abstention is almost entirely in part due to the support of the moderate and royalist parties which had been ousted following the coup 3 Throughout France however the local departmental and mother assemblies of the regions become dominated by pro Monarchy parties or the new pro directorial party known today as the Thermidorians Not only are the smaller regions owned by the monarchists but more than 27 electoral assemblies are now also controlled by monarchists these assemblies would elect their deputies to the assembly 1 In the smaller departments however the results are the opposite with the regions of Pyrenees Atlantiques and Pyrenees Orientales Massif Central Bouches du Rhone Doubs Sarthe Seine and some 40 other departments voting for the neo Jacobins the moderate faction of the Jacobins Five departments opt for the monarchists The directionals also had good results in the Eastern Western and eastern edge of the Massif Central On the other hand however many of the remaining departments have assemblies which are split and or indecisive in achieving a majority 1 Among the many new neo Jacobins elected includes Lucien Bonaparte Bertrand Barere and Jean Baptiste Robert Lindet In the councils out of a total of 807 representatives the groups are now distributed as follows 387 directorials 107 more and a gain of 38 compared to Year V 175 Jacobins 105 more and 245 independents or undetermined The Directory retains a majority of around 400 deputies in the councils but the threat of another defeat in the 1799 elections makes the results unacceptable 1 4 Footnotes edit a b c d e Woronoff pp 198 207 Deville p 436 Biard p 261 de Boussac p 93References editWoronoff Denis 2004 La Republique bourgeoise de Thermidor a Brumaire 1794 1799 France Editions du Seuil ISBN 978 2757846704 OCLC 1191043797 Deville Gabriel 1901 Thermidor et Directoire 1794 1799 History of Socialism in France France J Rouff Biard Michel 2007 Les Lilliputiens de la centralisation des intendants aux prefets les hesitations d un modele francais France Editions Champ Vallon ISBN 9782876734623 Perrin de Boussac Henri 1983 Un temoin de la Revolution et de l Empire Charles Jean Marie Alquier 1752 1826 France Rumeur des ages Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 1798 French legislative election amp oldid 1198348547, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
