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Frederick S. Jaffe

April 10, 2024

Frederick S. Jaffe (1925–1978) was a vice president of Planned Parenthood Federation of America, and founder of what is now the Guttmacher Institute. He was an advocate for increasing the availability of family planning services in the United States.[1] Through his publications and consultations Jaffe argued for birth control as a matter of health and human rights. He was instrumental in developing public support for federal financing of family planning programs, among them the landmark Title X of the Public Health Service Act, passed by Congress in 1970.[2] For his contributions to public health Jaffe was elected to the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences in September 1977.[3]

Life edit

Jaffe was born in Queens, New York City on November 27, 1925, and died of a heart attack on August 16, 1978 in New York City. After service in the Army Air Force (1944–1946), he completed his bachelor's degree in Economics at Queens College in 1947.[4][5] Subsequently establishing himself as a journalist, he then joined the Planned Parenthood Federation of America as associate director of its Information and Education Department, later becoming Vice President for Program Planning and Development. In 1968 he established the Center for Family Planning Program Development, the research and public policy arm of PPFA, along with Dr. Alan Guttmacher, then president of PPFA.[6] The organization was named after Guttmacher in 1974, with Jaffe as President, and spun off from Planned Parenthood in 1977.

Jaffe served as director of the Family Planning Perspectives journal published by the Guttmacher Institute.[7]

Jaffe also consulted with other organizations, among them the National Center for Health Statistics, the National Institutes of Health, the Commission on Population Growth and the American Future, and the Ford and Rockefeller Foundations.[8] He was posthumously awarded both the Margaret Sanger Award, Planned Parenthood's highest award,[1] and The Carl S. Shultz Award for Lifetime Achievement from the American Public Health Association.[9] Upon the latter presentation, the Population Section of the APHA passed the following resolution:

"The Population Section of the APHA records its deep sorrow over the untimely passing of Frederick S. Jaffe, President of The Alan Guttmacher Institute. Mr. Jaffe, both through his organization and as an individual, was instrumental in the conceptualization of a national family planning program and in its later development and implementation. The Alan Guttmacher Institute, which he founded, reflects Mr. Jaffe's commitment to the production and use of the requisite research and analysis for making informed decisions about fertility-related services and domestic population policies.
"Mr. Jaffe's death is a loss not only to those of us in the population and family planning field but also in the public health arena at large. He worked tirelessly to insure that all people regardless of income, age, race, sex or residence have full access to the reproductive health and social services to which they are entitled."[10]

Jaffe died of a heart attack at the Planned Parenthood offices in New York City on August 18, 1978 at the age of 52. He left behind a wife, Phyllis and three sons.[11]

The "Jaffe Memo" edit

In 1969, Jaffe wrote a memorandum, requested by Bernard Berelson, head of the Population Council, reviewing then-current ideas for population control from a wide range of organizations and individuals and providing a common methodology to evaluate those ideas and their potential impact. The memorandum included a table that compiled and classified many of these wide-ranging ideas. The table was included as one exhibit in an extensively-sourced 1970 journal article that reviewed then current literature on U.S. population growth and family planning.[12]

The original memo is available online [13] or in the record [14] of a 1973 Senate hearing.

The version of the table published in the journal article was then detached from the article, and characterized in testimony by a witness before the 1973 Senate hearing [14] as the memorandum itself.

Over the years, other parties have presented the table, sometimes in amended or incomplete form, and circulated it by itself as "the Jaffe-Berelson Memorandum" [15] or "the Jaffe Memo".[16] The table has been cited to accuse Jaffe—and by implication, Planned Parenthood—of supporting such measures as compulsory abortions or sterilizations.

Despite these accusations, the coercive items listed in the table were not advocated in the memorandum [14] in the journal article or the thinking [17] of Jaffe; or his work[18] as an official of Planned Parenthood. In the memorandum, Jaffe stated: "the achievement of a society in which effective contraception is efficiently distributed to all, based on present voluntary norms, would either result in a tolerable rate of growth, or go very far to achieving it. If this hypothesis is basically confirmed, it would negate the need for an explicit U.S. population policy which goes beyond voluntary norms." (p. 4)

In writing to Senator Alan Cranston in 1973, Jaffe stated that "the memorandum makes clear that neither I nor the Planned Parenthood Federation of America advocates any of the specific proposals embodied in the table which go beyond voluntary actions of individual couples to space and limit births."[19][14]

Publications edit

Books edit

  • The Complete Book of Birth Control, with Alan F. Guttmacher and Winfield Best. New York: Ballantine Books, 1961.
  • Planning Your Family: The Complete Guide to Birth Control, Overcoming Infertility, Sterilization, with a Special Section on Abortion, with Alan F. Guttmacher and Winfield Best. New York: Macmillan, 1964.
  • "Birth Control and Love. The Complete Guide to Contraception and Fertility". Annals of Internal Medicine. 70 (5): 1056. May 1969. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-70-5-1056_5.
  • Greep, R. O.; Koblinsky, M. A.; Jaffe, F. S. (1976). "Reproduction and Human Welfare: A Challenge to Research". BioScience. 26 (11): 677–684. doi:10.2307/1297392. JSTOR 1297392. PMID 1017535.
  • Impact of Family Planning Programs on Fertility: The US Experience, with Phillips Cutright. Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger, 1977.
  • Abortion Politics: Private Morality and Public Policy, with Barbara L. Lindheim and Philip R. Lee. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1981.

Articles edit

  • Jaffe, F S (June 1966). "Financing family planning services". American Journal of Public Health and the Nation's Health. 56 (6): 912–917. doi:10.2105/AJPH.56.6.912. PMC 1257099. PMID 5949320.
  • Jaffe, F S (April 1968). "A strategy for implementing family planning services in the United States". American Journal of Public Health and the Nation's Health. 58 (4): 713–725. doi:10.2105/ajph.58.4.713. PMC 1228383. PMID 5689321.
  • Harkavy, Oscar; Jaffe, Frederick S.; Wishik, Samuel M. (1969). "Family Planning and Public Policy: Who Is Misleading Whom?". Science. 165 (3891): 367–373. Bibcode:1969Sci...165..367H. doi:10.1126/science.165.3891.367. JSTOR 1727552. PMID 5789434.
  • Jaffe, Frederick S. (1973). "Public Policy on Fertility Control". Scientific American. 229 (1): 17–23. Bibcode:1973SciAm.229a..17J. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0773-17. JSTOR 24923143. PMID 4723144.
  • Levison, Carole K.; Jaffe, Frederick S. (1973). "LETTERS". Scientific American. 229 (5): 8–11. Bibcode:1973SciAm.229c...8.. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0973-8. JSTOR 24923236.
  • Jaffe, Frederick S. (1974). "Low-Income Families: Fertility in 1971-1972". Family Planning Perspectives. 6 (2): 108–110. doi:10.2307/2134151. JSTOR 2134151. PMID 4461294.
  • Jaffe, Frederick S. (1974). "Fertility Control Policy, Social Policy and Population Policy in an Industrialized Country". Family Planning Perspectives. 6 (3): 164–169. doi:10.2307/2134129. JSTOR 2134129. PMID 4463010.
  • Jaffe, F. S. (1974). "Alan F. Guttmacher 1898-1974". Family Planning Perspectives. 6 (1): 1–2. JSTOR 2133613. PMID 4617686.
  • Jaffe, Frederick S (July 1975). "Knowledge, perception, and change: notes on a fragment of social history". Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine. 42 (4): 286–99. hdl:123456789/28761. PMID 1097901.
  • Jaffe, Frederick S. (1977-09-15). "The Pill: A Perspective for Assessing Risks and Benefits". New England Journal of Medicine. 297 (11): 612–614. doi:10.1056/NEJM197709152971113. PMID 887121.
  • Jaffe, Frederick S. (1978). "Enacting Religious Beliefs in a Pluralistic Society". The Hastings Center Report. 8 (4): 14–16. doi:10.2307/3560969. JSTOR 3560969.

References edit

  1. ^ a b "PPFA Margaret Sanger Award Winners."plannedparenthood.org. Archived on the original. Accessed August 12, 2013.
    "Our highest honor, the Planned Parenthood Federation of America Margaret Sanger Award, is presented annually to recognize leadership, excellence, and outstanding contributions to the reproductive health and rights movement."
  2. ^ Title X of the Public Health Service Act (Public Law 91-572 Population Research and Voluntary Family Planning Programs).
  3. ^ Sciences (U.S.), National Academy of (1957). Annual Report - National Academy of Sciences. National Academies. p. 273 – via Internet Archive. frederick s jaffe national academy sciences.
  4. ^ "F.S. Jaffe Dies". Washington Post. No. 18 August 1978. Retrieved 22 December 2020.
  5. ^ "LC Linked Data Service: Authorities and Vocabularies (Library of Congress)". id.loc.gov. Retrieved 26 December 2020.
  6. ^ "Guttmacher Institute: History". Guttmacher.org. 2005-08-10. Retrieved 2013-08-12.
  7. ^ "Front Matter". Family Planning Perspectives. 5 (2): 65. 1973. JSTOR 2133753.
  8. ^ Planned Parenthood-World Population Washington Memo, 9/1/1978
  9. ^ "The Carl S. Shultz Award for Lifetime Achievement."American Public Health Association. Archived from the original. Accessed June 17, 2019.
    "This award honors individuals who have made an outstanding lifetime contribution to the field of population and reproductive health. It is named for Carl S. Shultz, a pediatrician and public servant who was instrumental in the creation and implementation of the federal family planning program, commonly known as Title X."
  10. ^ "APHA Resolution". apha.org. 1978-10-19. Retrieved 2019-06-27.[full citation needed]
  11. ^ https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1978/08/18/fs-jaffe-dies/fa5c8619-4933-44be-829d-77be9f874d94/
  12. ^ Elliott, Robin; Landman, Lynn C.; Lincoln, Richard; Tsuoroka, Theodore (1970). "U.S. Population Growth and Family Planning: A Review of the Literature". Family Planning Perspectives. 2 (4): i–xvi. doi:10.2307/2133834. JSTOR 2133834. PMID 4950902.
  13. ^ “Activities Relevant to the Study of Population Policy for the United States.” http://drive.google.com/file/d/0B0KCqtNShmxgYTA1REcxai1OME0/view[full citation needed]
  14. ^ a b c d Welfare, United States Congress Senate Committee on Labor and Public (1973). Family Planning Services and Population Research Amendments of 1973, Hearings Before the Special Subcommittee on Human Resources..., 93-1, on S. 1708..., S. 1632 ..., May 8, 9, 10, and 23, 1973.
  15. ^ Resources, United States Congress Senate Committee on Labor and Human (1981). Oversight of Family Planning Programs, 1981: Hearing Before the Committee on Labor and Human Resources, United States Senate, Ninety-seventh Congress, First Session, on Examination on the Role of the Federal Government in Birth Control, Abortion Referral, and Sex Education Programs, March 31, 1981. U.S. Government Printing Office.
  16. ^ "A Tale of Multiple Versions". 2016-03-10. Retrieved 2023-03-24.
  17. ^ Brody, Jane E. (1974-06-21). "Experts Agree on Overpopulation Peril, but Disagree Sharply on Remedies". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-03-24.
  18. ^ Jaffe, F S (April 1968). "A strategy for implementing family planning services in the United States". American Journal of Public Health and the Nation's Health. 58 (4): 713–725. doi:10.2105/ajph.58.4.713. PMC 1228383. PMID 5689321.
  19. ^ "Jaffe letter to Cranston.png". Google Docs. Retrieved 2023-03-24.

April 10, 2024
frederick, jaffe, 1925, 1978, vice, president, planned, parenthood, federation, america, founder, what, guttmacher, institute, advocate, increasing, availability, family, planning, services, united, states, through, publications, consultations, jaffe, argued, . Frederick S Jaffe 1925 1978 was a vice president of Planned Parenthood Federation of America and founder of what is now the Guttmacher Institute He was an advocate for increasing the availability of family planning services in the United States 1 Through his publications and consultations Jaffe argued for birth control as a matter of health and human rights He was instrumental in developing public support for federal financing of family planning programs among them the landmark Title X of the Public Health Service Act passed by Congress in 1970 2 For his contributions to public health Jaffe was elected to the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences in September 1977 3 Contents 1 Life 2 The Jaffe Memo 3 Publications 3 1 Books 3 2 Articles 4 ReferencesLife editJaffe was born in Queens New York City on November 27 1925 and died of a heart attack on August 16 1978 in New York City After service in the Army Air Force 1944 1946 he completed his bachelor s degree in Economics at Queens College in 1947 4 5 Subsequently establishing himself as a journalist he then joined the Planned Parenthood Federation of America as associate director of its Information and Education Department later becoming Vice President for Program Planning and Development In 1968 he established the Center for Family Planning Program Development the research and public policy arm of PPFA along with Dr Alan Guttmacher then president of PPFA 6 The organization was named after Guttmacher in 1974 with Jaffe as President and spun off from Planned Parenthood in 1977 Jaffe served as director of the Family Planning Perspectives journal published by the Guttmacher Institute 7 Jaffe also consulted with other organizations among them the National Center for Health Statistics the National Institutes of Health the Commission on Population Growth and the American Future and the Ford and Rockefeller Foundations 8 He was posthumously awarded both the Margaret Sanger Award Planned Parenthood s highest award 1 and The Carl S Shultz Award for Lifetime Achievement from the American Public Health Association 9 Upon the latter presentation the Population Section of the APHA passed the following resolution The Population Section of the APHA records its deep sorrow over the untimely passing of Frederick S Jaffe President of The Alan Guttmacher Institute Mr Jaffe both through his organization and as an individual was instrumental in the conceptualization of a national family planning program and in its later development and implementation The Alan Guttmacher Institute which he founded reflects Mr Jaffe s commitment to the production and use of the requisite research and analysis for making informed decisions about fertility related services and domestic population policies Mr Jaffe s death is a loss not only to those of us in the population and family planning field but also in the public health arena at large He worked tirelessly to insure that all people regardless of income age race sex or residence have full access to the reproductive health and social services to which they are entitled 10 Jaffe died of a heart attack at the Planned Parenthood offices in New York City on August 18 1978 at the age of 52 He left behind a wife Phyllis and three sons 11 The Jaffe Memo editIn 1969 Jaffe wrote a memorandum requested by Bernard Berelson head of the Population Council reviewing then current ideas for population control from a wide range of organizations and individuals and providing a common methodology to evaluate those ideas and their potential impact The memorandum included a table that compiled and classified many of these wide ranging ideas The table was included as one exhibit in an extensively sourced 1970 journal article that reviewed then current literature on U S population growth and family planning 12 The original memo is available online 13 or in the record 14 of a 1973 Senate hearing The version of the table published in the journal article was then detached from the article and characterized in testimony by a witness before the 1973 Senate hearing 14 as the memorandum itself Over the years other parties have presented the table sometimes in amended or incomplete form and circulated it by itself as the Jaffe Berelson Memorandum 15 or the Jaffe Memo 16 The table has been cited to accuse Jaffe and by implication Planned Parenthood of supporting such measures as compulsory abortions or sterilizations Despite these accusations the coercive items listed in the table were not advocated in the memorandum 14 in the journal article or the thinking 17 of Jaffe or his work 18 as an official of Planned Parenthood In the memorandum Jaffe stated the achievement of a society in which effective contraception is efficiently distributed to all based on present voluntary norms would either result in a tolerable rate of growth or go very far to achieving it If this hypothesis is basically confirmed it would negate the need for an explicit U S population policy which goes beyond voluntary norms p 4 In writing to Senator Alan Cranston in 1973 Jaffe stated that the memorandum makes clear that neither I nor the Planned Parenthood Federation of America advocates any of the specific proposals embodied in the table which go beyond voluntary actions of individual couples to space and limit births 19 14 Publications editBooks edit The Complete Book of Birth Control with Alan F Guttmacher and Winfield Best New York Ballantine Books 1961 Planning Your Family The Complete Guide to Birth Control Overcoming Infertility Sterilization with a Special Section on Abortion with Alan F Guttmacher and Winfield Best New York Macmillan 1964 Birth Control and Love The Complete Guide to Contraception and Fertility Annals of Internal Medicine 70 5 1056 May 1969 doi 10 7326 0003 4819 70 5 1056 5 Greep R O Koblinsky M A Jaffe F S 1976 Reproduction and Human Welfare A Challenge to Research BioScience 26 11 677 684 doi 10 2307 1297392 JSTOR 1297392 PMID 1017535 Impact of Family Planning Programs on Fertility The US Experience with Phillips Cutright Santa Barbara CA Praeger 1977 Abortion Politics Private Morality and Public Policy with Barbara L Lindheim and Philip R Lee New York McGraw Hill 1981 Articles edit Jaffe F S June 1966 Financing family planning services American Journal of Public Health and the Nation s Health 56 6 912 917 doi 10 2105 AJPH 56 6 912 PMC 1257099 PMID 5949320 Jaffe F S April 1968 A strategy for implementing family planning services in the United States American Journal of Public Health and the Nation s Health 58 4 713 725 doi 10 2105 ajph 58 4 713 PMC 1228383 PMID 5689321 Harkavy Oscar Jaffe Frederick S Wishik Samuel M 1969 Family Planning and Public Policy Who Is Misleading Whom Science 165 3891 367 373 Bibcode 1969Sci 165 367H doi 10 1126 science 165 3891 367 JSTOR 1727552 PMID 5789434 Jaffe Frederick S 1973 Public Policy on Fertility Control Scientific American 229 1 17 23 Bibcode 1973SciAm 229a 17J doi 10 1038 scientificamerican0773 17 JSTOR 24923143 PMID 4723144 Levison Carole K Jaffe Frederick S 1973 LETTERS Scientific American 229 5 8 11 Bibcode 1973SciAm 229c 8 doi 10 1038 scientificamerican0973 8 JSTOR 24923236 Jaffe Frederick S 1974 Low Income Families Fertility in 1971 1972 Family Planning Perspectives 6 2 108 110 doi 10 2307 2134151 JSTOR 2134151 PMID 4461294 Jaffe Frederick S 1974 Fertility Control Policy Social Policy and Population Policy in an Industrialized Country Family Planning Perspectives 6 3 164 169 doi 10 2307 2134129 JSTOR 2134129 PMID 4463010 Jaffe F S 1974 Alan F Guttmacher 1898 1974 Family Planning Perspectives 6 1 1 2 JSTOR 2133613 PMID 4617686 Jaffe Frederick S July 1975 Knowledge perception and change notes on a fragment of social history Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine 42 4 286 99 hdl 123456789 28761 PMID 1097901 Jaffe Frederick S 1977 09 15 The Pill A Perspective for Assessing Risks and Benefits New England Journal of Medicine 297 11 612 614 doi 10 1056 NEJM197709152971113 PMID 887121 Jaffe Frederick S 1978 Enacting Religious Beliefs in a Pluralistic Society The Hastings Center Report 8 4 14 16 doi 10 2307 3560969 JSTOR 3560969 References edit a b PPFA Margaret Sanger Award Winners plannedparenthood org Archived on the original Accessed August 12 2013 Our highest honor the Planned Parenthood Federation of America Margaret Sanger Award is presented annually to recognize leadership excellence and outstanding contributions to the reproductive health and rights movement dd Title X of the Public Health Service Act Public Law 91 572 Population Research and Voluntary Family Planning Programs Sciences U S National Academy of 1957 Annual Report National Academy of Sciences National Academies p 273 via Internet Archive frederick s jaffe national academy sciences F S Jaffe Dies Washington Post No 18 August 1978 Retrieved 22 December 2020 LC Linked Data Service Authorities and Vocabularies Library of Congress id loc gov Retrieved 26 December 2020 Guttmacher Institute History Guttmacher org 2005 08 10 Retrieved 2013 08 12 Front Matter Family Planning Perspectives 5 2 65 1973 JSTOR 2133753 Planned Parenthood World Population Washington Memo 9 1 1978 The Carl S Shultz Award for Lifetime Achievement American Public Health Association Archived from the original Accessed June 17 2019 This award honors individuals who have made an outstanding lifetime contribution to the field of population and reproductive health It is named for Carl S Shultz a pediatrician and public servant who was instrumental in the creation and implementation of the federal family planning program commonly known as Title X dd APHA Resolution apha org 1978 10 19 Retrieved 2019 06 27 full citation needed https www washingtonpost com archive local 1978 08 18 fs jaffe dies fa5c8619 4933 44be 829d 77be9f874d94 Elliott Robin Landman Lynn C Lincoln Richard Tsuoroka Theodore 1970 U S Population Growth and Family Planning A Review of the Literature Family Planning Perspectives 2 4 i xvi doi 10 2307 2133834 JSTOR 2133834 PMID 4950902 Activities Relevant to the Study of Population Policy for the United States http drive google com file d 0B0KCqtNShmxgYTA1REcxai1OME0 view full citation needed a b c d Welfare United States Congress Senate Committee on Labor and Public 1973 Family Planning Services and Population Research Amendments of 1973 Hearings Before the Special Subcommittee on Human Resources 93 1 on S 1708 S 1632 May 8 9 10 and 23 1973 Resources United States Congress Senate Committee on Labor and Human 1981 Oversight of Family Planning Programs 1981 Hearing Before the Committee on Labor and Human Resources United States Senate Ninety seventh Congress First Session on Examination on the Role of the Federal Government in Birth Control Abortion Referral and Sex Education Programs March 31 1981 U S Government Printing Office A Tale of Multiple Versions 2016 03 10 Retrieved 2023 03 24 Brody Jane E 1974 06 21 Experts Agree on Overpopulation Peril but Disagree Sharply on Remedies The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved 2023 03 24 Jaffe F S April 1968 A strategy for implementing family planning services in the United States American Journal of Public Health and the Nation s Health 58 4 713 725 doi 10 2105 ajph 58 4 713 PMC 1228383 PMID 5689321 Jaffe letter to Cranston png Google Docs Retrieved 2023 03 24 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Frederick S Jaffe amp oldid 1195333835, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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