Frank D. White
Frank Durward White (born Durward Frank Kyle Jr.; June 4, 1933 – May 21, 2003) was an American banker and politician who served as the 41st governor of Arkansas. He served a single two-year term from 1981 to 1983.
Frank D. White | |
|---|---|
White in 1995 | |
| 41st Governor of Arkansas | |
| In office January 19, 1981 – January 11, 1983 | |
| Lieutenant | Winston Bryant |
| Preceded by | Bill Clinton |
| Succeeded by | Bill Clinton |
| Chairman of the Little Rock Port Authority | |
| In office 1972–1973 | |
| Arkansas Banking Commissioner | |
| In office November 1998 – July 2003 | |
| Governor | Mike Huckabee |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Durward Frank Kyle Jr. June 4, 1933 Texarkana, Texas, U.S. |
| Died | May 21, 2003 (aged 69) Little Rock, Arkansas, U.S. |
| Resting place | Mount Holly Cemetery, Little Rock, Arkansas, U.S. 34°44′15.3″N 92°16′42.5″W / 34.737583°N 92.278472°W |
| Political party | Democratic (before 1980) Republican (after 1980) |
| Spouse(s) | Mary Blue Hollenberg (m. 1961; div. 1973)Gay Daniels (m. 1975) |
| Children | 3[1] |
| Alma mater | United States Naval Academy (BS) |
| Profession | Banker, stockbroker |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | United States |
| Branch/service | United States Air Force |
| Years of service | 1956–1961 |
| Rank | Captain |
Early years, family, and education edit
White was born on June 4, 1933,[1] in Texarkana in Bowie County, Texas, as Durward Frank Kyle Jr.[3] His father, Durward Frank Kyle, died when White was seven, and White's mother, the former Ida Bottoms Clark, married Loftin E. White of Highland Park, Texas.[3] He took his stepfather's name and became "Frank Durward White".[3] After the death of the stepfather in 1950, the Whites returned to Texarkana.[3] White enrolled in the New Mexico Military Institute and was subsequently appointed to the U.S. Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland.[3] He graduated from the academy in 1956 with a degree in engineering.[3] White served as a pilot in the United States Air Force.[3] In 1957, as "one of his first missions", he flew members of the 101st Airborne Division to Little Rock due to the Little Rock Integration Crisis.[4] White was discharged from the Air Force in 1961 with the rank of Captain.[3]
White's first marriage was to Mary Blue Hollenberg, a member of a prominent Little Rock family; they had three children before divorcing in 1973.[3] In 1975, White married Gay Daniels, "a devout Christian".[3][5] They had no children, but gained custody of the children from White's first marriage.[3]
As a youth, White was baptized at Beech Street First Baptist Church, which Mike Huckabee would later pastor, in Texarkana, Arkansas.[3] He attended the First United Methodist Church in downtown Little Rock, but in 1977, he and some other couples, dissatisfied with the church's liberal theology, left it and instead started the fundamentalist Fellowship Bible Church.[3]
Business career edit
After being discharged from the Air Force in 1961, White worked at Merrill Lynch in Little Rock before joining Commercial National Bank in 1973.[3] White served as the first director of the Little Rock Port Authority from 1972 to 1973.[citation needed]
In 1975, Arkansas Governor David Pryor appointed White as the director of the Arkansas Industrial Development Commission (AIDC).[3] In 1977, White left the AIDC, afterward serving as the president of Capital Savings and Loan Co.[3]
Governor of Arkansas edit
1980 campaign edit
Early in 1980, White switched from Democratic to Republican affiliation to run for governor.[3][6] First, he defeated former State Representative Marshall Chrisman, a businessman from Ozark in Franklin County, for the gubernatorial nomination. In a low-turnout open primary, White polled 5,867 votes (71.8 percent) to Chrisman's 2,310 (28.2 percent).[7]: 43 Clinton also faced a stronger-than-expected challenger in his primary from Monroe Schwarzlose, a turkey farmer from Kingsland in Cleveland County in south Arkansas.[3] Schwarzlose's 31 percent of the primary vote foreshadowed that Clinton could be in trouble for the upcoming general election.[3] Despite this, it was widely expected that Clinton would win the election.[3][8]
White hired Paula Unruh of Tulsa to manage the campaign. She decided to focus upon (1) Clinton's unpopular increase in the cost of automobile registration tags and by (2) the Carter administration's sending thousands of Cuban refugees, some unruly, to a detention camp at Fort Chaffee, outside Fort Smith in Sebastian County in western Arkansas.[3] Her decision paid big dividends, as White won with 435,684 votes (51.9 percent) to Clinton's 403,242 (48.1 percent).[3][7]: 48 White won fifty-one of the state's seventy-five counties. A. Lynn Lowe of Texarkana, Clinton's Republican opponent in 1978, by contrast, had won only six counties.
White was the second Republican ever elected governor in Arkansas since Reconstruction.[9]
Tenure edit
White signed a law that required the teaching of creationism in Arkansas public schools, along with the theory of evolution.[1][3] The law was subsequently overturned in 1982 in the court case McLean v. Arkansas.[1][3]
White also created controversy within his own party in 1981, when he appointed Orval Faubus, a former Democratic governor, to head the Arkansas Department of Veterans Affairs.[10]
1982 and 1986 campaigns edit
White was unable to secure a hold on the governorship. Chrisman and a third candidate, nutritionist Connie Voll of Lonoke, challenged him in the 1982 primary. Voll was the first woman to seek the GOP nomination for governor and the second to seek the party nomination for a statewide office since Leona Troxell. Clinton then defeated him in a rematch of the 1980 contest during the general election: 431,855 (54.7 percent) to 357,496 (45.3 percent).[11]: 36 White won only nineteen counties in the 1982 rematch, which occurred in a nationally Democratic year when the nation was in a recession.
In 1986, White again challenged Clinton for the governorship but lost.[3][12]: 18
Later career and death edit
White returned to First Commercial Bank in Little Rock after his 1986 defeat as senior vice president[1] until his retirement from the bank in 1998. White declined to seek the Republican nomination for governor again in 1990 and instead supported Sheffield Nelson in his primary race against U.S. Representative Tommy F. Robinson. That year, Clinton won election as governor for the fifth time; two years later he would become President of the United States. Without sufficient support and resources to run for elected office again, White left elective politics but remained active in Republican affairs.
From 1998 to 2003, White served as Arkansas Banking Commissioner, an appointment from Governor Mike Huckabee.[3][13] He remained in the post until shortly before his death from a heart attack in 2003, about two weeks before his seventieth birthday. White's time in the Banking Department was noted by his practice of visiting all of Arkansas' state-chartered banks at least once a year.[13]
White is interred at the historic Mount Holly Cemetery in Little Rock.[3]
The Arkansas Republican Party began awarding the "Hi, I'm Frank White" award in 2006. This award is considered to be the highest honor given out by the Arkansas GOP.[14]
See also edit
References edit
- ^ a b c d e f g "Arkansas Governor Frank D. White". National Governors Association. Retrieved April 3, 2015.
- ^ a b "Pin, Campaign - Frank White". Old State House Museum. Retrieved January 1, 2017.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa "Frank Durward White (1933–2003)". The Encyclopedia of Arkansas History and Culture. Retrieved April 3, 2015.
- ^ McGuire, Kim (May 22, 2003). "Former governor White dead at 69". Arkansas Democrat-Gazette. Retrieved January 1, 2017.
- ^ "Account Login | Whitepages Premium". premium.whitepages.com. Retrieved 2018-08-16.
- ^ "Former governor Frank White dies at age 69". thecabin.net (from AP). May 22, 2003. Retrieved October 29, 2016.
- ^ a b "1980 Arkansas Elections" (PDF). Arkansas Secretary of State. January 1982. Retrieved October 29, 2016.
- ^ Jones, Clayton; George B., Merry (October 27, 1980). "Governor's races: Most states will still be in Democratic hands". The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved October 29, 2016.
- ^ Blair, Diane D., and Barth, Jay (2005). Arkansas Politics and Government. University of Nebraska Press. p. 68. ISBN 0803204892.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Debenport, Ellen (September 14, 1981). "Segregation-era governor makes political comeback". UPI. Retrieved January 1, 2017.
- ^ "1982 Arkansas Elections" (PDF). Arkansas Secretary of State. May 1983. Retrieved October 29, 2016.
- ^ "Arkansas Election Results 1986" (PDF). Arkansas Secretary of State. Retrieved October 29, 2016.
- ^ a b "Obituary Notice - Governor Frank D. White". Ruebel Funeral Home. Retrieved April 3, 2015.
- ^ "Republican Party of Arkansas Press Release" (PDF). Republican Party of Arkansas. Retrieved February 10, 2021.
External links edit
- Encyclopedia of Arkansas History & Culture entry: Frank White
- Finding Aid, Frank White Papers, UA Little Rock Center for Arkansas History and Culture
Further reading edit
- Arkansas Gazette, August 5, November 13, 22, 1981; October 29, December 5, 1982.
- Who's Who in the South and Southwest, 18th edition (1982–1983), p. 803.
- Arkansas Election Statistics, 1980 and 1982 (Little Rock: Secretary of State).
- Shreveport Times, January 7, 1982.