In 1903, with his timber operations in full bloom in the Pacific Northwest, timber baron A. B. Hammond began acquiring what became known as "Hammond's Navy," a flotilla of 72 ships (not all owned simultaneously) that served his operations. The flagship of this flotilla was Francis H. Leggett, which Hammond named after one of his business partners and commissioned to be the largest ship in the Pacific lumber trade.[1] With a capacity of 1.5 million board-feet of lumber, her steel hull was so large that she could not enter many of the ports on U.S. West Coast. Nicknamed "Hammond's Folly," she nevertheless was a commercial success when she arrived on the U.S. West Coast from the Virginia shipyard where she was built.[2] In 1905 alone, Francis H. Leggett and her sister shipArctic netted Hammond $62,000 in profit, more than the profit of some of his timber operations. The success of Francis H. Leggett led Hammond to acquire more ships.[1]
Later, Francis H. Leggett was one of the pioneering ships behind the technique of ocean rafting (also called Benson rafting), whereby large rafts of logs were chained together and towed. These rafts could be up to 700 feet (210 m) long and contain up to 11 million board feet of timber.[3] After some years of success, the practice was banned by the United States Congress in 1912 after several rafts broke up in storms, spreading large logs up and down the coast and creating a hazard to shipping.[4]
Sinkingedit
On September 17, 1914, Francis H. Leggett departed Grays Harbor, Washington, for San Francisco, California, with a load of railroad ties lashed to her deck. While the weather was calm in Grays Harbor, it worsened as the ship steamed south, where a 60 miles per hour (97 km/h) gale was blowing off the coast of Oregon. On September 18, the ship's cargo of railroad ties began to shift, and a hatch cover was torn off by the storm, allowing waves to flood into the ship.[5] Charles Moro, the captain of Francis H. Leggett, ordered the ship's radio operators to send a distress call as the ship began to sink.[6]
The distress signal was detected by the Imperial Japanese Navyarmored cruiserIzumo, but Izumo did not respond to Francis H. Leggett out of fear that she would encounter the Imperial German Navylight cruiserSMS Leipzig, which was nearby; World War I had begun, Japan was at war with Germany, and Izumo feared being attacked by the more modern German ship. Izumo relayed the distress signal to other ships, including the oil tankerBuck and the steamerBeaver. Both ships responded to the call for help, but by the time they arrived on the scene, Francis H. Leggett had sunk, leaving only its cargo of railroad ties still afloat. Two passengers aboard Francis H. Leggett were rescued. One of the survivors, Alexander Farrell, explained that the storm swamped both of the ship's lifeboats as soon as they were lowered. Both survivors lived by clinging to railroad ties.[7] The death toll of 60 people makes it Oregon's worst maritime disaster on record.
Referencesedit
Forty-Fifth Annual List of Merchant Vessels of the United States. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington: 1913. p. 176
Gordon, Greg. When Money Grew on Trees: A.B. Hammond and the Age of the Timber Baron. University of Oklahoma Press, 2014. ISBN978-0806144474
^Lienhard, John H. "The Francis H. Leggett," Engines of Our Ingenuity. January 31, 2014. Retrieved September 21, 2014.
^"Only 2 of 70 on Leggett Escape," The Spokesman-Review. September 19, 1914. Retrieved September 21, 2014.
^"Only Wwo Saved in Pacific Wreck". The New York Times. Astoria, Oregon. September 20, 1914. p. 1. Retrieved May 3, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
Further readingedit
Belyk, Robert. Great Shipwrecks of the Pacific Coast. Wiley, 2001.
External linksedit
Location of the wreck (www.wrecksite.eu)
May 17, 2024
francis, leggett, american, flagged, steam, powered, schooner, built, 1903, newport, news, shipbuilding, newport, news, virginia, timber, hauling, ship, serving, andrew, benoni, hammond, timber, operations, united, states, west, coast, served, this, capacity, . Francis H Leggett was an American flagged steam powered schooner built in 1903 by Newport News Shipbuilding in Newport News Virginia as a timber hauling ship serving Andrew Benoni Hammond s timber operations on the United States West Coast She served in this capacity for 11 years before she sank off the Columbia Bar on the coast of Oregon The disaster killed 35 of the 37 passengers aboard and all 25 crewmen It was the worst maritime accident in the history of Oregon and was attributed to the ship being overloaded with railroad ties History NameFrancis H Leggett NamesakeA business partner of A B Hammond OwnerHicks Hauptman Transportation Co OperatorMcCormick Steamship Company San Francisco California Port of registry United States BuilderNewport News Shipbuilding Newport News Virginia LaunchedJanuary 31 1903 Completed1903 In service1903 IdentificationRadio callsign WNF and code letters KSHC FateSank September 18 1914 General characteristics Typesteam powered schooner Tonnage1 606 GRT Length241 5 feet 73 6 m Beam41 2 feet 12 6 m Depth14 8 feet 4 5 m Installed power1 000 hp Crew29 Contents 1 Construction 2 Sinking 3 References 4 Notes 5 Further reading 6 External linksConstruction editIn 1903 with his timber operations in full bloom in the Pacific Northwest timber baron A B Hammond began acquiring what became known as Hammond s Navy a flotilla of 72 ships not all owned simultaneously that served his operations The flagship of this flotilla was Francis H Leggett which Hammond named after one of his business partners and commissioned to be the largest ship in the Pacific lumber trade 1 With a capacity of 1 5 million board feet of lumber her steel hull was so large that she could not enter many of the ports on U S West Coast Nicknamed Hammond s Folly she nevertheless was a commercial success when she arrived on the U S West Coast from the Virginia shipyard where she was built 2 In 1905 alone Francis H Leggett and her sister ship Arctic netted Hammond 62 000 in profit more than the profit of some of his timber operations The success of Francis H Leggett led Hammond to acquire more ships 1 Later Francis H Leggett was one of the pioneering ships behind the technique of ocean rafting also called Benson rafting whereby large rafts of logs were chained together and towed These rafts could be up to 700 feet 210 m long and contain up to 11 million board feet of timber 3 After some years of success the practice was banned by the United States Congress in 1912 after several rafts broke up in storms spreading large logs up and down the coast and creating a hazard to shipping 4 Sinking editOn September 17 1914 Francis H Leggett departed Grays Harbor Washington for San Francisco California with a load of railroad ties lashed to her deck While the weather was calm in Grays Harbor it worsened as the ship steamed south where a 60 miles per hour 97 km h gale was blowing off the coast of Oregon On September 18 the ship s cargo of railroad ties began to shift and a hatch cover was torn off by the storm allowing waves to flood into the ship 5 Charles Moro the captain of Francis H Leggett ordered the ship s radio operators to send a distress call as the ship began to sink 6 The distress signal was detected by the Imperial Japanese Navy armored cruiser Izumo but Izumo did not respond to Francis H Leggett out of fear that she would encounter the Imperial German Navy light cruiser SMS Leipzig which was nearby World War I had begun Japan was at war with Germany and Izumo feared being attacked by the more modern German ship Izumo relayed the distress signal to other ships including the oil tanker Buck and the steamer Beaver Both ships responded to the call for help but by the time they arrived on the scene Francis H Leggett had sunk leaving only its cargo of railroad ties still afloat Two passengers aboard Francis H Leggett were rescued One of the survivors Alexander Farrell explained that the storm swamped both of the ship s lifeboats as soon as they were lowered Both survivors lived by clinging to railroad ties 7 The death toll of 60 people makes it Oregon s worst maritime disaster on record References editForty Fifth Annual List of Merchant Vessels of the United States U S Government Printing Office Washington 1913 p 176 Gordon Greg When Money Grew on Trees A B Hammond and the Age of the Timber Baron University of Oklahoma Press 2014 ISBN 978 0806144474Notes edit a b Gordon p 267 The Francis H Leggett Launched The New York Times Newport News Virginia February 1 1903 p 10 Retrieved May 3 2021 via Newspapers com The Largest Lumber Raft The New York Times San Francisco August 24 1906 p 1 Retrieved May 3 2021 via Newspapers com Gordon p 269 Lienhard John H The Francis H Leggett Engines of Our Ingenuity January 31 2014 Retrieved September 21 2014 Only 2 of 70 on Leggett Escape The Spokesman Review September 19 1914 Retrieved September 21 2014 Only Wwo Saved in Pacific Wreck The New York Times Astoria Oregon September 20 1914 p 1 Retrieved May 3 2021 via Newspapers com Further reading editBelyk Robert Great Shipwrecks of the Pacific Coast Wiley 2001 External links editLocation of the wreck www wrecksite eu Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Francis H Leggett amp oldid 1190439465, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
