Born in Melfi, Basilicata, Nitti studied law in Naples and was subsequently active as journalist. He was correspondent for the Gazzetta Piemontese (English: Piedmontese Gazette) and was one of the editors of the Corriere di Napoli (Courier of Naples). In 1891, he wrote a work about Christian socialism, titled Il socialismo cattolico (Catholic Socialism). In 1898, when he was only 30 years old, he became professor of finance at the University of Naples. Nitti was chosen in 1904 for the Italian Radical Party to serve in the Italian Parliament. From 1911 to 1914, he was minister of agriculture, industry, and trade under the then prime minister Giovanni Giolitti. In 1917, he became minister of finance under Vittorio Emanuele Orlando and held it until 1919.
On 23 June 1919, Nitti became prime minister and interior minister, after Orlando had resigned following the disappointed Italian gains at the Paris Peace Conference, resulting in widespread indignation within Italy about an alleged mutilated victory. A year later, Nitti was also minister of the colonies. His cabinet had to deal with great social unrest and dissatisfaction over the peace treaties. Particularly troublesome was the agitation over Fiume led by Gabriele D'Annunzio. Nitti had great difficulty keeping the administration functioning at all, thanks to the enmity between the extremely divergent political factions of communists, anarchists, and fascists. After less than a year as head of government, he resigned and was succeeded by the veteran Giolitti on 16 June 1920. In social policy, Nitti's government passed a law setting up compulsory insurance for unemployment, invalidity and old age.[5]
From 1901 to 1924, Nitti was a member of the country's Chamber of Deputies, first for the Italian Radical Party and then for the Italian Democratic Liberal Party. Still a member of the Italian Parliament, Nitti offered resistance to the nascent power of Italian fascism and openly despised Benito Mussolini. In 1924, Nitti decided to emigrate, and returned to Italy only after World War II, and joined the National Democratic Union and was a member of the Senate for the Republic in the Independent Left group from 1948 until his death in 1953. As a secularist and anticlerical, he opposed Christian Democracy and staunchly opposed NATO membership. In his 1927 book Bolshevism, Fascism and Democracy, Nitti correlated fascism with Bolshevism, saying: "There is little difference between the two, and in certain respects, Fascism and Bolshevism are the same."[6] At the same time, as a positivist, for Nitti both politics and history boiled down to facts. Like World War II, the Russian Revolution was a fact. Against the opinion of Georges Clemenceau, who considered the Russians to be perfectible ignorant barbarians and the Germans to be imperfectly educated barbarians,[7] Nitti wondered what would have prevented them from getting along with Bolshevik Russia, once they had got along well with the Russia of the Tsars. Referring to modernisation, he wrote: "Transplanting the principles and methods of the Russian Revolution into a country like Italy ... would be certain ruin. But it can be added that there is something in the spirit of the Russian Revolution that even Italy cannot ignore."[8]
Notable worksedit
Population and the Social System (1894)
Catholic Socialism (1895, reprinted 1908)
Eroi e briganti (Heroes and brigands) (1899; reprinted by Osanna Edizioni, 2015) - ISBN8881674696, 9788881674695)
L'Italia all'alba del secolo XX (1901)
Principi di scienza delle finanzie (1903, 1904; 5th ed., 1922). French translation: Principes de science des finances, (1904)
francesco, saverio, nitti, other, uses, nitti, disambiguation, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news,. For other uses see Nitti disambiguation This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Francesco Saverio Nitti news newspapers books scholar JSTOR May 2012 Learn how and when to remove this template message Francesco Saverio Vincenzo de Paola citation needed Nitti 19 July 1868 20 February 1953 was an Italian economist and political figure A member of the Italian Radical Party Nitti served as Prime Minister of Italy between 1919 and 1920 An opponent of the fascist regime in Italy he opposed any kind of dictatorship throughout his career According to the Catholic Encyclopedia in Theories of Overpopulation Nitti was also a staunch critic of English economist Thomas Robert Malthus and his Principle of Population Nitti wrote Population and the Social System 1894 He was an important meridionalist and studied the origins of Southern Italian problems that arose after Italian unification 2 3 4 Francesco Saverio NittiNitti in 1920Prime Minister of ItalyIn office 23 June 1919 15 June 1920MonarchVictor Emmanuel IIIPreceded byVittorio Emanuele OrlandoSucceeded byGiovanni GiolittiMinisterial officesMinister of the InteriorIn office 23 June 1919 15 June 1920Prime MinisterHimselfPreceded byVittorio Emanuele OrlandoSucceeded byGiovanni GiolittiMinister of the TreasuryIn office 30 October 1917 18 January 1919Prime MinisterVittorio Emanuele OrlandoPreceded byPaolo CarcanoSucceeded byBonaldo StringherMinister of Agricolture Industry and CommerceIn office 29 March 1911 21 March 1914Prime MinisterGiovanni GiolittiPreceded byGiovanni RaineriSucceeded byGiannetto Cavasola Parliamentary officesMember of the Senate of the RepublicIn office 8 May 1948 20 February 1953 Ex officio 1 Member of the Constituent AssemblyIn office 25 June 1946 31 January 1948ConstituencyItaly at largeMember of the Chamber of DeputiesIn office 30 November 1904 25 January 1924ConstituencyMuro LucanoPersonal detailsBornFrancesco Saverio Vincenzo de Paola Nitti 1868 07 19 19 July 1868Melfi Kingdom of ItalyDied20 February 1953 1953 02 20 aged 84 Rome ItalyPolitical partyHistorical Far Left 1880s 1904 PR 1904 1922 PLD 1922 1926 Independent 1926 1946 1948 1953 UDN 1946 1948 Other politicalaffiliationsIndependent Left 1948 1953 Contents 1 Career 2 Notable works 3 References 4 External linksCareer editBorn in Melfi Basilicata Nitti studied law in Naples and was subsequently active as journalist He was correspondent for the Gazzetta Piemontese English Piedmontese Gazette and was one of the editors of the Corriere di Napoli Courier of Naples In 1891 he wrote a work about Christian socialism titled Il socialismo cattolico Catholic Socialism In 1898 when he was only 30 years old he became professor of finance at the University of Naples Nitti was chosen in 1904 for the Italian Radical Party to serve in the Italian Parliament From 1911 to 1914 he was minister of agriculture industry and trade under the then prime minister Giovanni Giolitti In 1917 he became minister of finance under Vittorio Emanuele Orlando and held it until 1919 On 23 June 1919 Nitti became prime minister and interior minister after Orlando had resigned following the disappointed Italian gains at the Paris Peace Conference resulting in widespread indignation within Italy about an alleged mutilated victory A year later Nitti was also minister of the colonies His cabinet had to deal with great social unrest and dissatisfaction over the peace treaties Particularly troublesome was the agitation over Fiume led by Gabriele D Annunzio Nitti had great difficulty keeping the administration functioning at all thanks to the enmity between the extremely divergent political factions of communists anarchists and fascists After less than a year as head of government he resigned and was succeeded by the veteran Giolitti on 16 June 1920 In social policy Nitti s government passed a law setting up compulsory insurance for unemployment invalidity and old age 5 From 1901 to 1924 Nitti was a member of the country s Chamber of Deputies first for the Italian Radical Party and then for the Italian Democratic Liberal Party Still a member of the Italian Parliament Nitti offered resistance to the nascent power of Italian fascism and openly despised Benito Mussolini In 1924 Nitti decided to emigrate and returned to Italy only after World War II and joined the National Democratic Union and was a member of the Senate for the Republic in the Independent Left group from 1948 until his death in 1953 As a secularist and anticlerical he opposed Christian Democracy and staunchly opposed NATO membership In his 1927 book Bolshevism Fascism and Democracy Nitti correlated fascism with Bolshevism saying There is little difference between the two and in certain respects Fascism and Bolshevism are the same 6 At the same time as a positivist for Nitti both politics and history boiled down to facts Like World War II the Russian Revolution was a fact Against the opinion of Georges Clemenceau who considered the Russians to be perfectible ignorant barbarians and the Germans to be imperfectly educated barbarians 7 Nitti wondered what would have prevented them from getting along with Bolshevik Russia once they had got along well with the Russia of the Tsars Referring to modernisation he wrote Transplanting the principles and methods of the Russian Revolution into a country like Italy would be certain ruin But it can be added that there is something in the spirit of the Russian Revolution that even Italy cannot ignore 8 Notable works editPopulation and the Social System 1894 Catholic Socialism 1895 reprinted 1908 Eroi e briganti Heroes and brigands 1899 reprinted by Osanna Edizioni 2015 ISBN 8881674696 9788881674695 L Italia all alba del secolo XX 1901 Principi di scienza delle finanzie 1903 1904 5th ed 1922 French translation Principes de science des finances 1904 Peaceless Europe 1922 The Decadence of Europe 1922 The Wreck of Europe 1923 Bolshevism Fascism and Democracy 1927 References edit As member of the Constituent Assembly he was automatically nominated senator Francesco Saverio Nitti L Italia all alba del secolo XX Casa Editrice Nazionale Roux e Viarengo Torino Roma 1901 Francesco Saverio Nitti Domenico De Masi Napoli e la questione meridionale Guida Napoli 2004 La scienza della finanza 1903 1936 Democracy and Social Policy by Yusuf Bangura Francesco Saverio Nitti 1927 Bolshevism Fascism and Democracy New York NY Macmillan Co p 130 Francesco Saverio Nitti Rivelazioni p 95 Francesco Saverio Nitti Meditazioni dell esilio p 125External links edit nbsp Wikiquote has quotations related to Francesco Saverio Nitti nbsp Media related to Francesco Saverio Nitti at Wikimedia Commons Works by Francesco Saverio Nitti at Project Gutenberg Works by or about Francesco Saverio Nitti at Internet Archive Newspaper clippings about Francesco Saverio Nitti in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW Political offices Preceded byVittorio Emanuele Orlando Prime Minister of Italy1919 1920 Succeeded byGiovanni Giolitti Italian Minister of the Interior1919 1920 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Francesco Saverio Nitti amp oldid 1217896848, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
