The Fort of São Filipe de Setúbal, also referred to as the São Filipe Castle or the São Filipe Fortress, is in the city of Setúbal in the Setúbal District, of Portugal. The fort was built on the orders of Philip II of Spain (Philip I of Portugal), who personally witnessed the laying of the cornerstone of the new fortification in 1582. It stands in a dominant position on the right bank of the mouth of the Sado River, overlooking the centre of Setúbal to its east[1][2] and guarding access to the river. Named after the king during the Iberian Union, the fortress was designed by Giovan Giacomo Paleari Fratino and had the Italian military engineer Filipe Terzi, who worked for the Spanish Royal Court, as its chief engineer. It was completed in 1600 under the guidance of Leonardo Torreano due to the death of Terzi.[3]
The fortification of the stretch of coastline around Setúbal dates back to the 14th century, with the construction at sea level of the Fort of Santiago do Outão, which was intended to control the Sado river access to the medieval village. During the reign of King John III in the first half of the 16th century there were plans to expand Setubal’s defences with the construction of a castle, but the financial difficulties faced at that time by the Crown made this impossible.[1][4]
At the time of the Philippine Dynasty (1580-1640), Philip II of Spain ordered the construction of a new fortification on a hill adjacent to the city, to reinforce the defence of Setúbal. Recent scholars, however, have argued that the intention of the fort was also to protect a garrison loyal to the Philippine Dynasty and provide a clear indication of the Spanish king’s power, as the people of Setúbal had shown considerable opposition to Spanish rule.[2] It was designed by Giovan Giacomo Paleari Fratino in 1583. Work on the fortress began in 1590 and was completed in 1600. During the Portuguese Restoration War the fort was the last part of Setúbal to fall to the Portuguese. Between 1649 and 1655 a “low battery” was added to provide additional defence against ships in the port.[1][2]
The chapel
The fort was damaged during the 1755 earthquake and the Command House, then the residence of the Governor of Setúbal, was destroyed by fire in the mid-19th century. It was classified as a National Monument in 1933 and was included in the Nature Park of Arrábida when that was established in 1976. Conservation work was undertaken in the 1940s and in 1962 parts were converted to a hotel, which opened in 1965 as part of the Pousadas de Portugal chain. Some damage occurred as a result of an earthquake in February, 1969. Repairs and further conservation work have been carried out since then but the hotel closed in 2014 due to problems of structural instability.[1] The fort was reopened to the public on 31 March 2017, under the management of the city council, with an information centre and restaurant.[4]
Characteristicsedit
The Fort of São Filipe de Setúbal is said to have been inspired by the Castel Sant'Elmo of Naples. It features an irregular polygonal floor plan that is adapted to the ground’s contours. There are six tall, sloping ramparts and six bastions. It has excellent visibility over the surrounding area and the Sado estuary. The fortress buildings are on an upper platform, and there is also a small baroque chapel with azulejo tiles showing scenes from the life of Saint Philip.[1][2]
Referencesedit
^ abcde"Forte de São Filipe de Setúbal". Fortalezas.org. Retrieved 3 January 2020.
^ abcdMOREIRA, Rafael (1986). "A Arquitectura Militar". História da Arte. 7.
^"Castelo ou Forte de São Filipe | www.visitportugal.com". www.visitportugal.com. Retrieved 2023-01-13.
^ ab"Castelo de São Filipe". Patrimonio Cultural. Retrieved 3 January 2020.
Media related to Castelo de São Filipe at Wikimedia Commons
November 01, 2023
fort, são, filipe, setúbal, also, referred, são, filipe, castle, são, filipe, fortress, city, setúbal, setúbal, district, portugal, fort, built, orders, philip, spain, philip, portugal, personally, witnessed, laying, cornerstone, fortification, 1582, stands, d. The Fort of Sao Filipe de Setubal also referred to as the Sao Filipe Castle or the Sao Filipe Fortress is in the city of Setubal in the Setubal District of Portugal The fort was built on the orders of Philip II of Spain Philip I of Portugal who personally witnessed the laying of the cornerstone of the new fortification in 1582 It stands in a dominant position on the right bank of the mouth of the Sado River overlooking the centre of Setubal to its east 1 2 and guarding access to the river Named after the king during the Iberian Union the fortress was designed by Giovan Giacomo Paleari Fratino and had the Italian military engineer Filipe Terzi who worked for the Spanish Royal Court as its chief engineer It was completed in 1600 under the guidance of Leonardo Torreano due to the death of Terzi 3 Fort of Sao Filipe de SetubalForte de Sao Filipe de SetubalSetubal Setubal District Lisbon Region in PortugalDistant view of the fortCoordinates38 31 05 N 8 54 34 W 38 51806 N 8 90944 W 38 51806 8 90944TypeFortSite informationOwnerPortuguese RepublicOpen tothe publicYesSite historyBuilt1600FatePreservedHistory editThe fortification of the stretch of coastline around Setubal dates back to the 14th century with the construction at sea level of the Fort of Santiago do Outao which was intended to control the Sado river access to the medieval village During the reign of King John III in the first half of the 16th century there were plans to expand Setubal s defences with the construction of a castle but the financial difficulties faced at that time by the Crown made this impossible 1 4 At the time of the Philippine Dynasty 1580 1640 Philip II of Spain ordered the construction of a new fortification on a hill adjacent to the city to reinforce the defence of Setubal Recent scholars however have argued that the intention of the fort was also to protect a garrison loyal to the Philippine Dynasty and provide a clear indication of the Spanish king s power as the people of Setubal had shown considerable opposition to Spanish rule 2 It was designed by Giovan Giacomo Paleari Fratino in 1583 Work on the fortress began in 1590 and was completed in 1600 During the Portuguese Restoration War the fort was the last part of Setubal to fall to the Portuguese Between 1649 and 1655 a low battery was added to provide additional defence against ships in the port 1 2 nbsp The chapelThe fort was damaged during the 1755 earthquake and the Command House then the residence of the Governor of Setubal was destroyed by fire in the mid 19th century It was classified as a National Monument in 1933 and was included in the Nature Park of Arrabida when that was established in 1976 Conservation work was undertaken in the 1940s and in 1962 parts were converted to a hotel which opened in 1965 as part of the Pousadas de Portugal chain Some damage occurred as a result of an earthquake in February 1969 Repairs and further conservation work have been carried out since then but the hotel closed in 2014 due to problems of structural instability 1 The fort was reopened to the public on 31 March 2017 under the management of the city council with an information centre and restaurant 4 Characteristics editThe Fort of Sao Filipe de Setubal is said to have been inspired by the Castel Sant Elmo of Naples It features an irregular polygonal floor plan that is adapted to the ground s contours There are six tall sloping ramparts and six bastions It has excellent visibility over the surrounding area and the Sado estuary The fortress buildings are on an upper platform and there is also a small baroque chapel with azulejo tiles showing scenes from the life of Saint Philip 1 2 References edit a b c d e Forte de Sao Filipe de Setubal Fortalezas org Retrieved 3 January 2020 a b c d MOREIRA Rafael 1986 A Arquitectura Militar Historia da Arte 7 Castelo ou Forte de Sao Filipe www visitportugal com www visitportugal com Retrieved 2023 01 13 a b Castelo de Sao Filipe Patrimonio Cultural Retrieved 3 January 2020 nbsp Media related to Castelo de Sao Filipe at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Fort of Sao Filipe de Setubal amp oldid 1135594350, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
