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Fort Marshall

November 23, 2023

Fort Marshall was a historical American coastal four-point bastion fort located in what is now the Highlandtown and Canton neighborhoods of Baltimore, Maryland. It was built at the outset the American Civil War in 1861, to protect the eastern approaches of Baltimore from Confederate attacks. The fort remained garrisoned for the duration of the war. After 1866, the fort's buildings were salvaged for other purposes and the area ultimately became the site of the Sacred Heart of Jesus Roman Catholic Church, surrounded by the developing residential neighborhoods of southeast Baltimore.[1]

Fort Marshall
Baltimore, Maryland
Fort Marshall in 1863
TypeBastion fort
Site information
OwnerUnited States Army
Site history
Built1861
Built by7th Maine Volunteer Infantry Regiment
In use1861-1866
MaterialsEarth & timber
FateDemolished 1866, Redeveloped as a Catholic Church 1873
EventsDefense of Baltimore, part of the American Civil War
Garrison information
Garrison400 capacity

Establishment edit

 
The fort was named for deceased Col. Thomas H. Marshall of the 7th Maine Volunteer Infantry Regiment

After hostilities broke out between the United States and the Confederacy in 1861, Lt. Col. Henry Brewerton of the Union Army was charged in August of that year with strengthening the defenses of Baltimore. The extant Fort McHenry and Fort Carroll were found to be dilapidated and inadequate to the city's protection.[2] Brewerton launched a refurbishment of these fortifications, and established many new forts, such as Forts Federal Hill and Worthington.[3] Lines of elaborate barricades on every approach to the city, and homes fortified for the occupancy of riflemen and sharpshooters demonstrated the military's commitment to holding the city at all costs, or at least denying it to the Confederates.[4] The number of Union installations in the city was such that the army had "transformed Baltimore into something just short of a military base."[5]

A key part of Brewerton's extensive defensive plan for the city, Fort Marshall was established on "Snake Hill," in a still rural area east of the city border.[6] This site, also known as "Murray Hill" or "Potter's Hill," was located approximately a mile and a half from the city center, and was on higher ground than Fort McHenry, allowing its guns to survey a wider area.[7][4] Designed as a four-pointed star fort,[1] Fort Marshall was built principally by the 7th Maine Volunteer Infantry Regiment in the fall of 1861, and named for Colonel Thomas H. Marshall.[8] Marshall had been an officer in the Maine 7th, but died at Baltimore shortly before, on October 25, 1861.[9] The encampment outside the walls of the fort structure proper was known as Camp Emory, named for Union General Emory Upton.[10][6] Armed with thirty-three heavy artillery pieces, the fort operated in tandem with Fort McHenry, which sat on the opposite side of Baltimore's Northwest Harbor.[11] By war's end, its gun complement would further increase to 60 pieces.[12] The fort also boasted a barracks capable of housing 400 soldiers, with a fully subterranean magazine.[3]

History edit

 
"Ft. Marschal (sic)" overlooking the harbor in an 1862 map, with Forts Federal Hill & McHenry across the water.

Fort Marshall was considered one of Baltimore's more important defenses during the war.[10] Its strong earthwork fortifications were positioned near to the center of the city.[13] There it protected the eastern flank of the city, along with nearby Fort Worthington, from the threat of Confederate raid or invasion.[14] Fort Marshall also shielded the Union military hospital at nearby Patterson Park, half a mile to the west.[15][16] In addition, as the riots of April 1861 had proven, Baltimore itself was hardly a bastion of Union sympathizers, and so the fortifications served the dual role of enforcing the compliance of hostile Baltimoreans within, while protecting the city from Confederate attack from without.[17] To this end, units from the Fort conducted regular patrols and drills in the city proper, for the purpose of, as one contemporary Union account put it, "reminding the city rebels that their masters were not far away."[18] Celebrations of the Fourth of July at the forts of Baltimore involved large artillery salutes, both to commemorate the day as well as to serve as a "gentle reminder to the Secesh [secessionists] of that city that Fort Marshall was prepared for any emergency."[19] Patrols from the fort also guarded lines and bridges along the Baltimore and Philadelphia Railroad after several bridges had been burned by saboteurs.[6] Detachments from the fort were sent to various towns in Maryland's Eastern Shore in order to defend the polls during the 1864 United States elections, when pro-Union voters were facing voter intimidation.[20][21] Troops were also sent on raids of nearby warehouses suspected of dealing in contraband or goods intended for smuggling to the South. One such incident uncovered a stock of gunpowder, bowie knives and short rifled muskets, worth at least $4000 (equivalent to $117,253 in 2022) in a stash below Canton.[22]

Life at the fort edit

Service at Fort Marshall (as well as the other fortifications and encampments around Baltimore) served as useful and conveniently-supplied training camps for recently raised Union regiments, prior to their deployment to active theaters.[23] Reports from soldiers stationed there described service at Fort Marshall as "rather monotonous," but that they enjoyed the "greater privileges and more liberty than had been allowed in Fort McHenry."[24] The fort's reputation for placidity was such that the 5th New York Heavy Artillery Regiment was able to offer "many inducements" in a recruitment advertisement in the Brooklyn Daily Eagle in 1862: "no long toilsome marches, no exposure in damp cold tents. Good warm and comfortable barracks in a healthy locality, provided for each man."[25] Despite the relative peace of the post, it was subject to occasional night raids from Confederacy-aligned attackers, but without great effect or losses to the garrison.[26] Diseases were also a frequent issue within the barracks.[7] What casualties did occur were mostly the result of periodic weapons accidents.[27] One dramatic instance was that of Commander Woodhall of the Navy, whose body was flung 30 feet when he walked in front of a firing artillery piece, part of a salute for the tour of visiting army brass including Major General Benjamin Butler.[28]

Decline and abandonment edit

The defenses at Fort Marshall were never seriously called upon for the duration of the war. By late 1864, the site was primarily used only as a hospital.[29] Visitors in May of that year noted the 'dilapidated' nature of its buildings.[30] In November 1865, with the Civil War now over, Capt. William Price Craighill was named the replacement for Lt. Col. Brewerton, and set about making upkeep repairs at Fort Marshall, which remained a military installation.[31] Half a year later however, plans had changed, and the Chief of Ordnance announced in May 1866 that the stocks of the fort would be sold at cash auction, including nearly 3,000 kegs of rifle powder, almost 10,000 cartridges of cannon powder, and many gun carriages and chassis.[32] Four days after the auction, the Ordnance sergeant and quartermasters themselves were either reassigned or discharged.[33] By July, even the fort's buildings were being sold off as firewood.[34] Much of the building's lumber was salvaged by the Freedmen's Bureau, which used the material from Marshall and nearby Hicks U.S. Army General Hospital to construct more than sixty new schoolhouses.[35] The fort was so thoroughly dismantled that an 1869 account described its outline on the horizon as "but a mark of the times gone by," where "the cows and goats now pasture on its green bastions and parapets."[36]

The final abandonment of the site by the Federal government had cleared the way for the area to begin redevelopment as a residential district, which around 1870 became known as "Highland Town."[37] A congregation of Baltimore German Redemptorists purchased the site of the former Fort Marshall in 1872-1873, and leveled the hill (which had given 'Highland Town' its name), building in its place the Sacred Heart of Jesus Roman Catholic Church.[29][38][39] One final legacy of the Fort was the Fort Marshall Brewing Company, established in 1869 and located near to the site of the fortifications, at Highland and Eastern avenues. It would operate until 1899, but established the southeast of Baltimore as a hub for German-American brewing operations, a trend which would continue a bit further east into what would become the "Brewer's Hill" region of the city.[40]

Garrisoned units edit

 
Lithograph of Fort Marshall ca.1862

Notes edit

  1. ^ a b c Swank & Swank 2013, p. 15.
  2. ^ Kanarek 1976, p. 34.
  3. ^ a b Kanarek 1976, p. 35.
  4. ^ a b Scharf 1879, p. 539.
  5. ^ Crenson 2017, p. 253.
  6. ^ a b c Lynch 1915, p. 11.
  7. ^ a b Wilder 1887, p. 78.
  8. ^ "The new fort at Baltimore". Chicago Tribune. Chicago, Illinois. 1861-11-30. p. 2. Retrieved 2019-03-28.
  9. ^ Stanley & Hall 1887, p. 102.
  10. ^ a b c Walker 1885, p. 53.
  11. ^ a b Davenport 1879, p. 143.
  12. ^ Crenson 2017, p. 254.
  13. ^ Roe 1911, p. 285.
  14. ^ Scharf 1874, p. 615.
  15. ^ Walker 1885, p. 84.
  16. ^ Melchior, Louis (1925-04-30). "Early fortifications in Baltimore Harbor". University of Maryland. Retrieved 2019-03-30.
  17. ^ a b Roe 1911, p. 300.
  18. ^ Walker 1885, p. 71.
  19. ^ a b "Fourth of July in Baltimore - How it was celebrated by the 5th Regiment Artillery, N.Y.V." Brooklyn Daily Eagle. Brooklyn, New York. 1862-07-09. p. 2. Retrieved 2019-03-30.
  20. ^ Robinson 1879, p. 232.
  21. ^ Wilder 1887, p. 79.
  22. ^ "The War in Virginia". Alexandria Gazette. Alexandria, Virginia. 1862-11-18. p. 1. Retrieved 2019-03-31.
  23. ^ Lerch, Kathryn (1997). "The 8th New York Heavy Artillery in Baltimore 1862-1864". Maryland Historical Magazine Spring 1997. p. 95. Retrieved 2019-03-30.
  24. ^ Walker 1885, p. 65.
  25. ^ "A Few More Recruits Wanted". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. Brooklyn, New York. 1862-06-16. p. 3. Retrieved 2019-03-30.
  26. ^ Walker 1885, p. 66.
  27. ^ a b "Fatal Accident". The Baltimore Sun. Baltimore, Maryland. 1862-06-24. p. 1. Retrieved 2019-03-28.
  28. ^ Walker 1885, p. 78.
  29. ^ a b Foertschbeck 2013, p. 75.
  30. ^ Fenton 1864, p. 441.
  31. ^ Kanarek 1976, p. 36.
  32. ^ "Sale of Ordnance and Ordnance Stores at Baltimore, MD". Baltimore Daily Commercial. Baltimore, Maryland. 1866-05-09. p. 3. Retrieved 2019-03-31.
  33. ^ "Ordnance Sergeant John O'Hara". New York Daily Herald. New York, New York. 1866-05-25. p. 9. Retrieved 2019-03-31.
  34. ^ "Firewood!". The Baltimore Sun. Baltimore, Maryland. 1866-07-14. p. 1. Retrieved 2019-03-31.
  35. ^ Fuke, Richard (1971). "The Baltimore Association for the Moral and Educational Improvement of the Colored People 1864-1870". Maryland Historical Magazine Winter 1971. p. 392. Retrieved 2019-03-30.
  36. ^ "A Virginia Letter". Philadelphia Evening Telegraph. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 1869-04-05. p. 6. Retrieved 2019-03-31.
  37. ^ Plant et al. 2002, p. 21.
  38. ^ Plant et al. 2002, p. 28.
  39. ^ "New Church in Canton, Maryland". Catholic Union and Times. Buffalo, New York. 1873-08-28. p. 5. Retrieved 2019-03-31.
  40. ^ Foertschbeck 2013, p. 70.
  41. ^ Huntington 1869, p. 66.
  42. ^ "Sword Presentation". The Baltimore Sun. Baltimore, Maryland. 1862-05-24. p. 1. Retrieved 2019-03-30.
  43. ^ "Fort Marshall: Indiana 21st regiment". The Indianapolis Star. Indianapolis, Indiana. 1862-02-08. p. 3. Retrieved 2019-03-28.
  44. ^ "Wanted Immediately". The Baltimore Sun. 1865-01-27. p. 3. Retrieved 2019-03-31.
  45. ^ Robinson 1879, p. 71.
  46. ^ Kirwan 1864, p. 22.
  47. ^ Croffut & Morris 1869, p. 348.
  48. ^ Townsend 1889, p. 268.
  49. ^ Hudnut 1887, p. 17.
  50. ^ a b Swinton 1870, p. 300.
  51. ^ a b Townsend 1889, p. 237.
  52. ^ "The 131st O.N.G." The Daily Empire. Dayton, Ohio. 1864-05-03. p. 3. Retrieved 2019-03-31.
  53. ^ Ohio 1888, p. 650.

References edit

  • Crenson, Matthew A. (2017). Baltimore: A Political History. JHU Press. ISBN 978-1-4214-2207-7.
  • Croffut, W. A. (William Augustus); Morris, John Moses (1869). The military and civil history of Connecticut during the war of 1861-65. New York: Ledyard Bill. Retrieved 2019-03-30.
  • Davenport, Alfred (1879). Camp and field life of the Fifth New York volunteer infantry. (Duryee zouaves.). New York: Dick and Fitzgerald. Retrieved 2019-03-30.
  • Fenton, R.E. (1864). Fifth Annual Report of the Chief of the Bureau of Military Statistics. Albany: C. Van Benthuysen & Sons'. Retrieved 2019-03-30.
  • Foertschbeck, John H. (2013). German Catholic Parishes of Maryland and Pennsylvania. Ellicott City, MD: Checkmate Graphics Pre-Press, Inc. ISBN 978-0-9829344-2-5.
  • Hudnut, James Monroe (1887). Historical roll of Company D, 8th Regiment, New-York Heavy Artillery. Originally 129th N. Y. Infantry. New York: The De Vinne Press.
  • Huntington, E. B. (Elijah Baldwin) (1869). Stamford soldiers' memorial. Stamford, Conn.: Self-published.
  • Kanarek, Harold (1976-08-01). DTIC ADA637217: The Mid-Atlantic Engineers: A History of the Baltimore District U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 1774-1974. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. Retrieved 2019-03-30.
  • Kirwan, Thomas (1864). Soldiering in North Carolina. Boston, Mass.: T. Kirwan.
  • Lynch, Charles H. (1915). The civil war diary, 1862-1865, of Charles H. Lynch, 18th Conn. vol's. Hartford, Conn.: Priv. print. by the Case, Lockwood & Brainard co.
  • Ohio, Roster Commission (1888). Official roster of the soldiers of the state of Ohio in the War of the Rebellion, 1861-1866. Cincinnati, Ohio: The Ohio Valley Press. Retrieved 2019-03-30.
  • Plant, Rebecca; Goold, Jennifer; Darsie, Julie; Bird, Betty (2002). National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: Patterson Park / Highlandtown Historic District (B-1337) (PDF). Washington, D.C.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Robinson, Frank T. (1879). History of the Fifth Regiment, M. V. M. Boston, Mass.: W. F. Brown & co., printers.
  • Roe, Alfred Seelye (1911). The Fifth regiment Massachusetts volunteer infantry in its three tours of duty 1861, 1862-'63, 1864. Boston, Mass.: Fifth Regiment Veteran Association.
  • Scharf, J. Thomas (1874). The chronicles of Baltimore : being a complete history of "Baltimore town" and Baltimore city from the earliest period to the present time. Baltimore, Maryland: Turnbull Bros.
  • Scharf, J. Thomas (1879). History of Maryland, from the earliest period to the present day. Baltimore, Maryland: J.B. Piet. Retrieved 2019-03-30.
  • Stanley, Ruel H.; Hall, George O. (1887). Eastern Maine and the Rebellion: Being an Account of the Principal Local Events in Eastern Maine During the War. Bangor, Maine: R. H. Stanley & Company.
  • Swank, Mark A.; Swank, Dreama J. (2013-11-25). Maryland in the Civil War. Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4396-4433-1.
  • Swinton, William (1870). History of the Seventh Regiment, National Guard, State of New York, during the War of the Rebellion. New York: Fields, Osgood & Co.
  • Townsend, Thomas S. (1889). The honors of the Empire State in the War of the Rebellion. New York: A. Lovell & Co. Retrieved 2019-03-30.
  • Walker, William Carey (1885). History of the Eighteenth regiment Conn. volunteers in the war for the Union. Norwich, Connecticut: The Committee.
  • Wilder, S. Fannie Gerry (1887). The story of a useful life : Edwin J. Gerry, 1820-1885. A memoir. Boston, Mass.: Wilder.

November 23, 2023
fort, marshall, historical, american, coastal, four, point, bastion, fort, located, what, highlandtown, canton, neighborhoods, baltimore, maryland, built, outset, american, civil, 1861, protect, eastern, approaches, baltimore, from, confederate, attacks, fort,. Fort Marshall was a historical American coastal four point bastion fort located in what is now the Highlandtown and Canton neighborhoods of Baltimore Maryland It was built at the outset the American Civil War in 1861 to protect the eastern approaches of Baltimore from Confederate attacks The fort remained garrisoned for the duration of the war After 1866 the fort s buildings were salvaged for other purposes and the area ultimately became the site of the Sacred Heart of Jesus Roman Catholic Church surrounded by the developing residential neighborhoods of southeast Baltimore 1 Fort MarshallBaltimore MarylandFort Marshall in 1863TypeBastion fortSite informationOwnerUnited States ArmySite historyBuilt1861Built by7th Maine Volunteer Infantry RegimentIn use1861 1866MaterialsEarth amp timberFateDemolished 1866 Redeveloped as a Catholic Church 1873EventsDefense of Baltimore part of the American Civil WarGarrison informationGarrison400 capacity Contents 1 Establishment 2 History 2 1 Life at the fort 3 Decline and abandonment 4 Garrisoned units 5 Notes 6 ReferencesEstablishment edit nbsp The fort was named for deceased Col Thomas H Marshall of the 7th Maine Volunteer Infantry RegimentAfter hostilities broke out between the United States and the Confederacy in 1861 Lt Col Henry Brewerton of the Union Army was charged in August of that year with strengthening the defenses of Baltimore The extant Fort McHenry and Fort Carroll were found to be dilapidated and inadequate to the city s protection 2 Brewerton launched a refurbishment of these fortifications and established many new forts such as Forts Federal Hill and Worthington 3 Lines of elaborate barricades on every approach to the city and homes fortified for the occupancy of riflemen and sharpshooters demonstrated the military s commitment to holding the city at all costs or at least denying it to the Confederates 4 The number of Union installations in the city was such that the army had transformed Baltimore into something just short of a military base 5 A key part of Brewerton s extensive defensive plan for the city Fort Marshall was established on Snake Hill in a still rural area east of the city border 6 This site also known as Murray Hill or Potter s Hill was located approximately a mile and a half from the city center and was on higher ground than Fort McHenry allowing its guns to survey a wider area 7 4 Designed as a four pointed star fort 1 Fort Marshall was built principally by the 7th Maine Volunteer Infantry Regiment in the fall of 1861 and named for Colonel Thomas H Marshall 8 Marshall had been an officer in the Maine 7th but died at Baltimore shortly before on October 25 1861 9 The encampment outside the walls of the fort structure proper was known as Camp Emory named for Union General Emory Upton 10 6 Armed with thirty three heavy artillery pieces the fort operated in tandem with Fort McHenry which sat on the opposite side of Baltimore s Northwest Harbor 11 By war s end its gun complement would further increase to 60 pieces 12 The fort also boasted a barracks capable of housing 400 soldiers with a fully subterranean magazine 3 History edit nbsp Ft Marschal sic overlooking the harbor in an 1862 map with Forts Federal Hill amp McHenry across the water Fort Marshall was considered one of Baltimore s more important defenses during the war 10 Its strong earthwork fortifications were positioned near to the center of the city 13 There it protected the eastern flank of the city along with nearby Fort Worthington from the threat of Confederate raid or invasion 14 Fort Marshall also shielded the Union military hospital at nearby Patterson Park half a mile to the west 15 16 In addition as the riots of April 1861 had proven Baltimore itself was hardly a bastion of Union sympathizers and so the fortifications served the dual role of enforcing the compliance of hostile Baltimoreans within while protecting the city from Confederate attack from without 17 To this end units from the Fort conducted regular patrols and drills in the city proper for the purpose of as one contemporary Union account put it reminding the city rebels that their masters were not far away 18 Celebrations of the Fourth of July at the forts of Baltimore involved large artillery salutes both to commemorate the day as well as to serve as a gentle reminder to the Secesh secessionists of that city that Fort Marshall was prepared for any emergency 19 Patrols from the fort also guarded lines and bridges along the Baltimore and Philadelphia Railroad after several bridges had been burned by saboteurs 6 Detachments from the fort were sent to various towns in Maryland s Eastern Shore in order to defend the polls during the 1864 United States elections when pro Union voters were facing voter intimidation 20 21 Troops were also sent on raids of nearby warehouses suspected of dealing in contraband or goods intended for smuggling to the South One such incident uncovered a stock of gunpowder bowie knives and short rifled muskets worth at least 4000 equivalent to 117 253 in 2022 in a stash below Canton 22 Life at the fort edit Service at Fort Marshall as well as the other fortifications and encampments around Baltimore served as useful and conveniently supplied training camps for recently raised Union regiments prior to their deployment to active theaters 23 Reports from soldiers stationed there described service at Fort Marshall as rather monotonous but that they enjoyed the greater privileges and more liberty than had been allowed in Fort McHenry 24 The fort s reputation for placidity was such that the 5th New York Heavy Artillery Regiment was able to offer many inducements in a recruitment advertisement in the Brooklyn Daily Eagle in 1862 no long toilsome marches no exposure in damp cold tents Good warm and comfortable barracks in a healthy locality provided for each man 25 Despite the relative peace of the post it was subject to occasional night raids from Confederacy aligned attackers but without great effect or losses to the garrison 26 Diseases were also a frequent issue within the barracks 7 What casualties did occur were mostly the result of periodic weapons accidents 27 One dramatic instance was that of Commander Woodhall of the Navy whose body was flung 30 feet when he walked in front of a firing artillery piece part of a salute for the tour of visiting army brass including Major General Benjamin Butler 28 Decline and abandonment editThe defenses at Fort Marshall were never seriously called upon for the duration of the war By late 1864 the site was primarily used only as a hospital 29 Visitors in May of that year noted the dilapidated nature of its buildings 30 In November 1865 with the Civil War now over Capt William Price Craighill was named the replacement for Lt Col Brewerton and set about making upkeep repairs at Fort Marshall which remained a military installation 31 Half a year later however plans had changed and the Chief of Ordnance announced in May 1866 that the stocks of the fort would be sold at cash auction including nearly 3 000 kegs of rifle powder almost 10 000 cartridges of cannon powder and many gun carriages and chassis 32 Four days after the auction the Ordnance sergeant and quartermasters themselves were either reassigned or discharged 33 By July even the fort s buildings were being sold off as firewood 34 Much of the building s lumber was salvaged by the Freedmen s Bureau which used the material from Marshall and nearby Hicks U S Army General Hospital to construct more than sixty new schoolhouses 35 The fort was so thoroughly dismantled that an 1869 account described its outline on the horizon as but a mark of the times gone by where the cows and goats now pasture on its green bastions and parapets 36 The final abandonment of the site by the Federal government had cleared the way for the area to begin redevelopment as a residential district which around 1870 became known as Highland Town 37 A congregation of Baltimore German Redemptorists purchased the site of the former Fort Marshall in 1872 1873 and leveled the hill which had given Highland Town its name building in its place the Sacred Heart of Jesus Roman Catholic Church 29 38 39 One final legacy of the Fort was the Fort Marshall Brewing Company established in 1869 and located near to the site of the fortifications at Highland and Eastern avenues It would operate until 1899 but established the southeast of Baltimore as a hub for German American brewing operations a trend which would continue a bit further east into what would become the Brewer s Hill region of the city 40 Garrisoned units edit nbsp Lithograph of Fort Marshall ca 186217th Connecticut Infantry Regiment 1862 41 18th Connecticut Infantry Regiment 1862 1863 10 2nd Delaware Infantry Regiment 1862 42 21st Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry 1861 1862 43 11th Indiana Infantry Regiment Wallace s Zouaves 1865 44 7th Maine Volunteer Infantry Regiment 1861 1 5th Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Militia 1864 17 45 17th Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry 1862 46 18th Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry 1863 47 5th New York Heavy Artillery Regiment 1862 27 48 5th New York Volunteer Infantry Duryee s Zouaves 1862 11 8th New York Heavy Artillery Regiment 1863 49 7th New York Militia 1863 50 17th Regiment New York National Guard Infantry 1863 51 18th Regiment New York National Guard Infantry 1863 51 19th Regiment New York National Guard Infantry 1862 19 150th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment 1862 1863 50 131st Ohio Infantry 1864 52 137th Ohio Infantry 1864 53 Notes edit a b c Swank amp Swank 2013 p 15 Kanarek 1976 p 34 a b Kanarek 1976 p 35 a b Scharf 1879 p 539 Crenson 2017 p 253 a b c Lynch 1915 p 11 a b Wilder 1887 p 78 The new fort at Baltimore Chicago Tribune Chicago Illinois 1861 11 30 p 2 Retrieved 2019 03 28 Stanley amp Hall 1887 p 102 a b c Walker 1885 p 53 a b Davenport 1879 p 143 Crenson 2017 p 254 Roe 1911 p 285 Scharf 1874 p 615 Walker 1885 p 84 Melchior Louis 1925 04 30 Early fortifications in Baltimore Harbor University of Maryland Retrieved 2019 03 30 a b Roe 1911 p 300 Walker 1885 p 71 a b Fourth of July in Baltimore How it was celebrated by the 5th Regiment Artillery N Y V Brooklyn Daily Eagle Brooklyn New York 1862 07 09 p 2 Retrieved 2019 03 30 Robinson 1879 p 232 Wilder 1887 p 79 The War in Virginia Alexandria Gazette Alexandria Virginia 1862 11 18 p 1 Retrieved 2019 03 31 Lerch Kathryn 1997 The 8th New York Heavy Artillery in Baltimore 1862 1864 Maryland Historical Magazine Spring 1997 p 95 Retrieved 2019 03 30 Walker 1885 p 65 A Few More Recruits Wanted Brooklyn Daily Eagle Brooklyn New York 1862 06 16 p 3 Retrieved 2019 03 30 Walker 1885 p 66 a b Fatal Accident The Baltimore Sun Baltimore Maryland 1862 06 24 p 1 Retrieved 2019 03 28 Walker 1885 p 78 a b Foertschbeck 2013 p 75 Fenton 1864 p 441 Kanarek 1976 p 36 Sale of Ordnance and Ordnance Stores at Baltimore MD Baltimore Daily Commercial Baltimore Maryland 1866 05 09 p 3 Retrieved 2019 03 31 Ordnance Sergeant John O Hara New York Daily Herald New York New York 1866 05 25 p 9 Retrieved 2019 03 31 Firewood The Baltimore Sun Baltimore Maryland 1866 07 14 p 1 Retrieved 2019 03 31 Fuke Richard 1971 The Baltimore Association for the Moral and Educational Improvement of the Colored People 1864 1870 Maryland Historical Magazine Winter 1971 p 392 Retrieved 2019 03 30 A Virginia Letter Philadelphia Evening Telegraph Philadelphia Pennsylvania 1869 04 05 p 6 Retrieved 2019 03 31 Plant et al 2002 p 21 Plant et al 2002 p 28 New Church in Canton Maryland Catholic Union and Times Buffalo New York 1873 08 28 p 5 Retrieved 2019 03 31 Foertschbeck 2013 p 70 Huntington 1869 p 66 Sword Presentation The Baltimore Sun Baltimore Maryland 1862 05 24 p 1 Retrieved 2019 03 30 Fort Marshall Indiana 21st regiment The Indianapolis Star Indianapolis Indiana 1862 02 08 p 3 Retrieved 2019 03 28 Wanted Immediately The Baltimore Sun 1865 01 27 p 3 Retrieved 2019 03 31 Robinson 1879 p 71 Kirwan 1864 p 22 Croffut amp Morris 1869 p 348 Townsend 1889 p 268 Hudnut 1887 p 17 a b Swinton 1870 p 300 a b Townsend 1889 p 237 The 131st O N G The Daily Empire Dayton Ohio 1864 05 03 p 3 Retrieved 2019 03 31 Ohio 1888 p 650 References editCrenson Matthew A 2017 Baltimore A Political History JHU Press ISBN 978 1 4214 2207 7 Croffut W A William Augustus Morris John Moses 1869 The military and civil history of Connecticut during the war of 1861 65 New York Ledyard Bill Retrieved 2019 03 30 Davenport Alfred 1879 Camp and field life of the Fifth New York volunteer infantry Duryee zouaves New York Dick and Fitzgerald Retrieved 2019 03 30 Fenton R E 1864 Fifth Annual Report of the Chief of the Bureau of Military Statistics Albany C Van Benthuysen amp Sons Retrieved 2019 03 30 Foertschbeck John H 2013 German Catholic Parishes of Maryland and Pennsylvania Ellicott City MD Checkmate Graphics Pre Press Inc ISBN 978 0 9829344 2 5 Hudnut James Monroe 1887 Historical roll of Company D 8th Regiment New York Heavy Artillery Originally 129th N Y Infantry New York The De Vinne Press Huntington E B Elijah Baldwin 1869 Stamford soldiers memorial Stamford Conn Self published Kanarek Harold 1976 08 01 DTIC ADA637217 The Mid Atlantic Engineers A History of the Baltimore District U S Army Corps of Engineers 1774 1974 Washington D C U S Government Printing Office Retrieved 2019 03 30 Kirwan Thomas 1864 Soldiering in North Carolina Boston Mass T Kirwan Lynch Charles H 1915 The civil war diary 1862 1865 of Charles H Lynch 18th Conn vol s Hartford Conn Priv print by the Case Lockwood amp Brainard co Ohio Roster Commission 1888 Official roster of the soldiers of the state of Ohio in the War of the Rebellion 1861 1866 Cincinnati Ohio The Ohio Valley Press Retrieved 2019 03 30 Plant Rebecca Goold Jennifer Darsie Julie Bird Betty 2002 National Register of Historic Places Registration Form Patterson Park Highlandtown Historic District B 1337 PDF Washington D C a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Robinson Frank T 1879 History of the Fifth Regiment M V M Boston Mass W F Brown amp co printers Roe Alfred Seelye 1911 The Fifth regiment Massachusetts volunteer infantry in its three tours of duty 1861 1862 63 1864 Boston Mass Fifth Regiment Veteran Association Scharf J Thomas 1874 The chronicles of Baltimore being a complete history of Baltimore town and Baltimore city from the earliest period to the present time Baltimore Maryland Turnbull Bros Scharf J Thomas 1879 History of Maryland from the earliest period to the present day Baltimore Maryland J B Piet Retrieved 2019 03 30 Stanley Ruel H Hall George O 1887 Eastern Maine and the Rebellion Being an Account of the Principal Local Events in Eastern Maine During the War Bangor Maine R H Stanley amp Company Swank Mark A Swank Dreama J 2013 11 25 Maryland in the Civil War Arcadia Publishing ISBN 978 1 4396 4433 1 Swinton William 1870 History of the Seventh Regiment National Guard State of New York during the War of the Rebellion New York Fields Osgood amp Co Townsend Thomas S 1889 The honors of the Empire State in the War of the Rebellion New York A Lovell amp Co Retrieved 2019 03 30 Walker William Carey 1885 History of the Eighteenth regiment Conn volunteers in the war for the Union Norwich Connecticut The Committee Wilder S Fannie Gerry 1887 The story of a useful life Edwin J Gerry 1820 1885 A memoir Boston Mass Wilder Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Fort Marshall amp oldid 1170916473, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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