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Fluoropolymer

December 23, 2023

A fluoropolymer is a fluorocarbon-based polymer with multiple carbon–fluorine bonds. It is characterized by a high resistance to solvents, acids, and bases. The best known fluoropolymer is polytetrafluoroethylene under the brand name "Teflon," trademarked by the DuPont Company.

History edit

In 1938, polytetrafluoroethylene (DuPont brand name Teflon) was discovered by accident by a recently hired DuPont Ph.D., Roy J. Plunkett. While working with tetrafluoroethylene gas to develop refrigerants, he noticed that a previously pressurized cylinder had no pressure remaining. In dissecting the cylinder, he found a mass of white solid in a quantity similar to that of the tetrafluoroethylene gas. It was determined that this material was a new-to-the-world polymer. Tests showed the substance was resistant to corrosion from most acids, bases and solvents and had better high temperature stability than any other plastic. By early 1941, a crash program was making substantial quantities of PTFE for the Manhattan Project.[1][2][3][4]

Properties edit

Fluoropolymers share the properties of fluorocarbons in that they are not as susceptible to the van der Waals force as hydrocarbons. This contributes to their non-stick and friction reducing properties. Also, they are stable due to the stability multiple carbon–fluorine bonds add to a chemical compound. Fluoropolymers may be mechanically characterized as thermosets or thermoplastics. Fluoropolymers can be homopolymers or Copolymer.[citation needed]

Examples of monomers used to prepare fluoropolymers edit

Examples of fluoropolymers edit

Fluoropolymer Trade names Monomers Melting point (°C)
PVF (polyvinylfluoride) Tedlar[5] VF1 200[6]
PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) Kynar[7] Solef[8] Hylar[9] VF2 175
PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) Sold by AGC under the tradename Fluon PTFE; Sold by Dupont and Chemours Company under the tradename Teflon; sold by Solvay Specialty Polymers under the tradenames Algoflon Hyflon and Polymist; sold by Daikin under the tradename Polyflon TFE 327
PCTFE (polychlorotrifluoroethylene) Kel-F (3M), Neoflon (Daikin), Voltalef [10](Arkema) CTFE 220[6]
PFA, MFA[11] (perfluoroalkoxy polymer) Sold by AGC under the tradename Fluon PFA. Sold by DuPont under the tradename Teflon-PFA. Sold by Solvay Specialty Polymers under the tradename Hyflon.[12] Neoflon (Daikin) PPVE + TFE 305
FEP (fluorinated ethylene-propylene) Sold by DuPont under the tradename Teflon FEP. Also known as Neoflon (Daikin) and Hyflon HFP + TFE 260
ETFE (polyethylenetetrafluoroethylene) Sold by AGC under the trade name of FluonETFE[13] Tefzel,;[14] sold by Daikin under the tradename Neoflon TFE + E 265
ECTFE (polyethylenechlorotrifluoroethylene) Halar[15] sold by Solvay Specialty Polymers CTFE + E
FFPM/FFKM (Perfluorinated Elastomer [Perfluoroelastomer]) Kalrez.[16] Tecnoflon PFR[17] DAI-EL (Daikin)
FPM/FKM (Fluoroelastomer [Vinylidene Fluoride based copolymers]) Viton,[18] Tecnoflon FKM, DAI-EL (Daikin), Fluonox (Gujarat Fluorochemicals Limited)
FEPM (Fluoroelastomer [Tetrafluoroethylene-Propylene]) Sold by AGC under the trade name of AFLAS,[19] TFE + P
PFPE (Perfluoropolyether) Sold by DuPont under the tradename Krytox.[20] Sold by Solvay Specialty Polymers S.p.A. as Fomblin and Galden
PFSA (Perfluorosulfonic acid) Nafion
Perfluoropolyoxetane

Typical properties edit

[21]

Property Method No. Units PTFE FEP PFA ETFE ECTFE PCTFE PVDF
Specific gravity D792 - 2.17 2.15 2.15 1.7 1.7 2.15 1.78
Yield strength D638 MPa 10 12 15.5 24 31 40 46
Yield strength D638 PSI 1,450 1,740 2,250 3,480 4,500 5,800 6,670
Elongation % 200-500 250-350 300 200-500 200-300 80-250 20-150
Tensile modulus D638 MPa 600 500 700 1500 1655 1500 2400
Tensile modulus D638 ksi 87 72.5 101.5 217.5 240 218 348
Hardness D2240 Shore D 60 57 62 75 75 90 79
HDT, @ 66 PSI D648 °F 250 158 164 219 240 248 300
HDT, @ 264 PSI D648 °F 122 129 118 160 169 - 239
Limiting oxygen index D2863 % >95 >95 >95 30-36
Dielectric constant D150 1 MHz 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.6

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Iddon, Brian (1985). The Magic of Chemistry. Eastleigh:BDH. pp. 10–11. ISBN 0-9500439-6-6.
  2. ^ Kirsch, Peer (2004). "Fluorine". Modern Fluoroorganic Chemistry: Synthesis, reactivity, applications. pp. 3–10. ISBN 978-3-527-30691-6. Retrieved 2011-05-07.
  3. ^ Hounshell, David A.; Smith, John Kenly (1988). Science and Corporate Strategy: DuPont R&D, 1902–1980. Cambridge University Press. pp. 147, 156–57, 482–484. ISBN 0-521-32767-9.
  4. ^ Okazoe, Takashi (2009). "Overview on the history of organofluorine chemistry from the viewpoint of material industry". Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B. 85 (8): 276–89. Bibcode:2009PJAB...85..276O. doi:10.2183/pjab.85.276. PMC 3621566. PMID 19838009.
  5. ^ Tedlar is a registered trademark of DuPont
  6. ^ a b Christopher C. Ibeh (2011). THERMOPLASTIC MATERIALS Properties, Manufacturing Methods, and Applications. CRC Press. pp. 491–497. ISBN 978-1-4200-9383-4.
  7. ^ Kynar is a registered trademark of Arkema, Inc.
  8. ^ Solef is a registered trademark of Solvay specialty polymers S.p.A.
  9. ^ Hylar is a registered trademark of Solvay specialty polymers S.p.A.
  10. ^ "PCTFE plastic (polytetrafluoroethylene) - SPN technical plastic manufacturer". DEMGY Plastiques SPN. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  11. ^ . Fluoropolymer. Archived from the original on 2014-04-13. Retrieved 2014-04-09.
  12. ^ Hyflon is a registered trademark of Solvay Solexis S.p.A.
  13. ^ Fluon is a registered trademark of Asahi Glass Company
  14. ^ Tefzel is a registered trademark of DuPont
  15. ^ Halar is a registered trademark of Solvay Solexis S.p.A.
  16. ^ Kalrez is a registered trademark of DuPont
  17. ^ Tecnoflon is a registered trademark of Solvay Solexis S.p.A.
  18. ^ Viton is a registered trademark of DuPont
  19. ^ AFLAS is a registered trademark of AGC(Asahi Glass Co, Ltd.)
  20. ^ Krytox is a registered trademark of DuPont
  21. ^ . Fluorotherm. Archived from the original on 2014-04-13. Retrieved 2014-04-09.

December 23, 2023
fluoropolymer, fluoropolymer, fluorocarbon, based, polymer, with, multiple, carbon, fluorine, bonds, characterized, high, resistance, solvents, acids, bases, best, known, fluoropolymer, polytetrafluoroethylene, under, brand, name, teflon, trademarked, dupont, . A fluoropolymer is a fluorocarbon based polymer with multiple carbon fluorine bonds It is characterized by a high resistance to solvents acids and bases The best known fluoropolymer is polytetrafluoroethylene under the brand name Teflon trademarked by the DuPont Company Contents 1 History 2 Properties 3 Examples of monomers used to prepare fluoropolymers 4 Examples of fluoropolymers 5 Typical properties 6 See also 7 ReferencesHistory editIn 1938 polytetrafluoroethylene DuPont brand name Teflon was discovered by accident by a recently hired DuPont Ph D Roy J Plunkett While working with tetrafluoroethylene gas to develop refrigerants he noticed that a previously pressurized cylinder had no pressure remaining In dissecting the cylinder he found a mass of white solid in a quantity similar to that of the tetrafluoroethylene gas It was determined that this material was a new to the world polymer Tests showed the substance was resistant to corrosion from most acids bases and solvents and had better high temperature stability than any other plastic By early 1941 a crash program was making substantial quantities of PTFE for the Manhattan Project 1 2 3 4 Properties editFluoropolymers share the properties of fluorocarbons in that they are not as susceptible to the van der Waals force as hydrocarbons This contributes to their non stick and friction reducing properties Also they are stable due to the stability multiple carbon fluorine bonds add to a chemical compound Fluoropolymers may be mechanically characterized as thermosets or thermoplastics Fluoropolymers can be homopolymers or Copolymer citation needed Examples of monomers used to prepare fluoropolymers editPerfluorocycloalkene PFCA Ethylene Ethane E Vinyl fluoride fluoroethylene VF1 Vinylidene fluoride 1 1 difluoroethylene VDF or VF2 Tetrafluoroethylene TFE Chlorotrifluoroethylene CTFE Propylene P Hexafluoropropylene HFP Perfluoropropylvinylether PPVE Perfluoromethylvinylether PMVE Examples of fluoropolymers editFluoropolymer Trade names Monomers Melting point C PVF polyvinylfluoride Tedlar 5 VF1 200 6 PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride Kynar 7 Solef 8 Hylar 9 VF2 175PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene Sold by AGC under the tradename Fluon PTFE Sold by Dupont and Chemours Company under the tradename Teflon sold by Solvay Specialty Polymers under the tradenames Algoflon Hyflon and Polymist sold by Daikin under the tradename Polyflon TFE 327PCTFE polychlorotrifluoroethylene Kel F 3M Neoflon Daikin Voltalef 10 Arkema CTFE 220 6 PFA MFA 11 perfluoroalkoxy polymer Sold by AGC under the tradename Fluon PFA Sold by DuPont under the tradename Teflon PFA Sold by Solvay Specialty Polymers under the tradename Hyflon 12 Neoflon Daikin PPVE TFE 305FEP fluorinated ethylene propylene Sold by DuPont under the tradename Teflon FEP Also known as Neoflon Daikin and Hyflon HFP TFE 260ETFE polyethylenetetrafluoroethylene Sold by AGC under the trade name of FluonETFE 13 Tefzel 14 sold by Daikin under the tradename Neoflon TFE E 265ECTFE polyethylenechlorotrifluoroethylene Halar 15 sold by Solvay Specialty Polymers CTFE EFFPM FFKM Perfluorinated Elastomer Perfluoroelastomer Kalrez 16 Tecnoflon PFR 17 DAI EL Daikin FPM FKM Fluoroelastomer Vinylidene Fluoride based copolymers Viton 18 Tecnoflon FKM DAI EL Daikin Fluonox Gujarat Fluorochemicals Limited FEPM Fluoroelastomer Tetrafluoroethylene Propylene Sold by AGC under the trade name of AFLAS 19 TFE PPFPE Perfluoropolyether Sold by DuPont under the tradename Krytox 20 Sold by Solvay Specialty Polymers S p A as Fomblin and GaldenPFSA Perfluorosulfonic acid NafionPerfluoropolyoxetaneTypical properties edit 21 Property Method No Units PTFE FEP PFA ETFE ECTFE PCTFE PVDFSpecific gravity D792 2 17 2 15 2 15 1 7 1 7 2 15 1 78Yield strength D638 MPa 10 12 15 5 24 31 40 46Yield strength D638 PSI 1 450 1 740 2 250 3 480 4 500 5 800 6 670Elongation 200 500 250 350 300 200 500 200 300 80 250 20 150Tensile modulus D638 MPa 600 500 700 1500 1655 1500 2400Tensile modulus D638 ksi 87 72 5 101 5 217 5 240 218 348Hardness D2240 Shore D 60 57 62 75 75 90 79HDT 66 PSI D648 F 250 158 164 219 240 248 300HDT 264 PSI D648 F 122 129 118 160 169 239Limiting oxygen index D2863 gt 95 gt 95 gt 95 30 36Dielectric constant D150 1 MHz 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 6See also editOrganofluorine Organohalogen Fluorosurfactant Perfluorocycloalkene PFCA References edit Iddon Brian 1985 The Magic of Chemistry Eastleigh BDH pp 10 11 ISBN 0 9500439 6 6 Kirsch Peer 2004 Fluorine Modern Fluoroorganic Chemistry Synthesis reactivity applications pp 3 10 ISBN 978 3 527 30691 6 Retrieved 2011 05 07 Hounshell David A Smith John Kenly 1988 Science and Corporate Strategy DuPont R amp D 1902 1980 Cambridge University Press pp 147 156 57 482 484 ISBN 0 521 32767 9 Okazoe Takashi 2009 Overview on the history of organofluorine chemistry from the viewpoint of material industry Proceedings of the Japan Academy Series B 85 8 276 89 Bibcode 2009PJAB 85 276O doi 10 2183 pjab 85 276 PMC 3621566 PMID 19838009 Tedlar is a registered trademark of DuPont a b Christopher C Ibeh 2011 THERMOPLASTIC MATERIALS Properties Manufacturing Methods and Applications CRC Press pp 491 497 ISBN 978 1 4200 9383 4 Kynar is a registered trademark of Arkema Inc Solef is a registered trademark of Solvay specialty polymers S p A Hylar is a registered trademark of Solvay specialty polymers S p A PCTFE plastic polytetrafluoroethylene SPN technical plastic manufacturer DEMGY Plastiques SPN Retrieved 2022 03 07 Typical Properties of Fluropolymers Fluoropolymer Archived from the original on 2014 04 13 Retrieved 2014 04 09 Hyflon is a registered trademark of Solvay Solexis S p A Fluon is a registered trademark of Asahi Glass Company Tefzel is a registered trademark of DuPont Halar is a registered trademark of Solvay Solexis S p A Kalrez is a registered trademark of DuPont Tecnoflon is a registered trademark of Solvay Solexis S p A Viton is a registered trademark of DuPont AFLAS is a registered trademark of AGC Asahi Glass Co Ltd Krytox is a registered trademark of DuPont Typical Properties of Fluoropolymers Fluorotherm Archived from the original on 2014 04 13 Retrieved 2014 04 09 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Fluoropolymer amp oldid 1158051962, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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