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A red field with the white central cross that extends to the edges of the flag superimposed on the green diagonal cross that extends to the corners of the flag.
The name is a neologism by Luis and Sabino Arana, from ikur 'mark, sign' (itself a neologism extracted from irakurri 'to read'), comparable to the Catalan Senyera and Faroese Merkið. In Basque, it has the generic meaning of 'flag', but specially the one of the Basque Country, as defined by the Euskaltzaindia (Royal Academy of the Basque Language).[1] The original Biscayne spelling of the Aranas was ikuŕiñ (the final-a is the Basque definite article, in singular). The modern standard Basque spelling is ikurrin.
Designedit
The Ikurriña at the hill Urgull in San Sebastián (Gipuzkoa)The Ikurriña at the Town Hall in Arcangues (Labourd), 2012. The Ikurriña is the unofficial symbol of the Basque Country, (Euskal Herria).
Similar in pattern to the Union Jack, the flag was designed by the founders of the Basque Nationalist Party EAJ-PNV, Luis and Sabino Arana, and is commonly regarded as the national but unofficial symbol of the Basque Country (Euskal Herria). It is widely seen in the French Basque Country and forms part of the unofficial flag of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, the French overseas community in North America that was settled by French Basque and also many Spanish Basque sailors. The Ikurriña is also the flag of the Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ-PNV). A controversy exists because at first it was only the symbol of a section of the party (the section representing the province of Biscay) and many people thought that another flag must represent the entire country.
The red ground symbolizes the Biscayne people, the green saltire might represent the Oak of Guernica, a symbol of the old laws of Biscay, or Fueros; and over them, the white cross, God's symbol of Basque Catholic devotion. Thus, red, white and green have become the national Basque colors.
Historyedit
The flag was designed in 1894 to represent the province of Biscay in a set of one flag for each of the seven Basque provinces and one for the whole country; however, since PNV activity was scarce outside of Biscay, only the Biscayne flag was publicly recognized. It was hoisted for the first time in the "Euzkeldun Batzokija", the club that preceded EAJ-PNV. The party adopted it in 1895 and, in 1933, proposed it as the flag of the whole Basque Country.
Since the Basque people had accepted the "ikurriña", at the suggestion of the socialist counselor Aznar, the Basque Government adopted it as the flag of the Basque Autonomous Region in 1936. This flag was used as the Naval jack of the Basque Auxiliary Navy, a section of the Spanish Republican Navy operating in the Bay of Biscay during the Spanish Civil War.[3]
In 1938, after the military defeat of the Basque Government, the regime of General Franco prohibited this flag – although it continued to be used in the Northern Basque Country.[4] In the following decades it became a symbol of defiance – the first actions of the clandestine group ETA involved placing flags in public places.
In 1976, during a derby match between Athletic Club Bilbao and Real Sociedad, players from both teams united to sneak in and display the illegal Basque flag, Ikurrina, at Atotxa Stadium. The act was successful, as the authorities took no action, and it became a significant step towards the legalization of the flag.[5]
The Basque flag was legalised again in 1977 during the Spanish transition to democracy. Two years later, the Basque Government adopted it as the flag of the Basque autonomous community. It is also used as an unofficial flag for some sectors of Basque society in other provinces.
Galleryedit
A Basque flag.
Original design of Arana-Goiri brothers of Basque Flag or Ikurrina, 1894.
Initial design of the Ikurriña.
Original proposed flag to represent the entire Basque Country.
The Basque left-wing nationalist party Herri Batasuna used a logo inspired by the Ikurriña.
The flag of Navarre is also used by a sector of nationalism that considers the kingdom of Navarre as a precedent of a future Basque state. The three flags can be found side by side on some events.
The modern flag of Saint Pierre et Miquelon (French North America) recognizes its Basque heritage by including an ikurriña.
Apuntes para la historia del nacionalismo vasco:las banderas de los ex-Estados históricos vascos o regiones autónomas[permanent dead link], Luis de Arana Goiri, 1930. Scanned pages of a typewritten manuscript.
^ abEuskaltzaindia: Dictionary of the Standard Basque 2011-04-09 at the Wayback Machine, retrieved 2010-10-04.
^Real Academia Española (2001): «ikurriña», Diccionario de la Lengua Española, 22nd edition, available online. Retrieved 2014-03-30.
^La Marina de Guerra Auxiliar de Euzkadi 1936-1937
^Willis, Craig; Hughes, Will; Bober, Sergiusz. "ECMI Minorities Blog. National and Linguistic Minorities in the Context of Professional Football across Europe: Five Examples from Non-kin State Situations". ECMI. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
Photographs in which the Ikurriña appears outside the borders of Euskal Herria.
used a similar flag in the 18th century.
January 01, 1970
ikurriña, help, expand, this, article, with, text, translated, from, corresponding, article, basque, december, 2017, click, show, important, translation, instructions, machine, translation, like, deepl, google, translate, useful, starting, point, translations,. You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Basque December 2017 Click show for important translation instructions Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Basque Wikipedia article at eu Ikurrin see its history for attribution You may also add the template Translated eu Ikurrin to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Ikurrina news newspapers books scholar JSTOR July 2014 Learn how and when to remove this message The ikurrina flag in Basque 1 or ikurrina Spanish spelling of the Basque term 2 is a Basque symbol and the official flag of the Basque Country Autonomous Community of Spain This flag consists of a white cross over a green saltire on a red field Basque CountryIkurrinaIkurrinaUseCivil and state flagProportion14 25Adopted19 October 193618 December 1978DesignA red field with the white central cross that extends to the edges of the flag superimposed on the green diagonal cross that extends to the corners of the flag Designed byLuis Arana and Sabino Arana Contents 1 Terminology 2 Design 3 History 4 Gallery 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksTerminology editThe name is a neologism by Luis and Sabino Arana from ikur mark sign itself a neologism extracted from irakurri to read comparable to the Catalan Senyera and Faroese Merkid In Basque it has the generic meaning of flag but specially the one of the Basque Country as defined by the Euskaltzaindia Royal Academy of the Basque Language 1 The original Biscayne spelling of the Aranas was ikuŕin the final a is the Basque definite article in singular The modern standard Basque spelling is ikurrin Design edit nbsp The Ikurrina at the hill Urgull in San Sebastian Gipuzkoa nbsp The Ikurrina at the Town Hall in Arcangues Labourd 2012 The Ikurrina is the unofficial symbol of the Basque Country Euskal Herria Similar in pattern to the Union Jack the flag was designed by the founders of the Basque Nationalist Party EAJ PNV Luis and Sabino Arana and is commonly regarded as the national but unofficial symbol of the Basque Country Euskal Herria It is widely seen in the French Basque Country and forms part of the unofficial flag of Saint Pierre and Miquelon the French overseas community in North America that was settled by French Basque and also many Spanish Basque sailors The Ikurrina is also the flag of the Basque Nationalist Party EAJ PNV A controversy exists because at first it was only the symbol of a section of the party the section representing the province of Biscay and many people thought that another flag must represent the entire country The red ground symbolizes the Biscayne people the green saltire might represent the Oak of Guernica a symbol of the old laws of Biscay or Fueros and over them the white cross God s symbol of Basque Catholic devotion Thus red white and green have become the national Basque colors History editThe flag was designed in 1894 to represent the province of Biscay in a set of one flag for each of the seven Basque provinces and one for the whole country however since PNV activity was scarce outside of Biscay only the Biscayne flag was publicly recognized It was hoisted for the first time in the Euzkeldun Batzokija the club that preceded EAJ PNV The party adopted it in 1895 and in 1933 proposed it as the flag of the whole Basque Country Since the Basque people had accepted the ikurrina at the suggestion of the socialist counselor Aznar the Basque Government adopted it as the flag of the Basque Autonomous Region in 1936 This flag was used as the Naval jack of the Basque Auxiliary Navy a section of the Spanish Republican Navy operating in the Bay of Biscay during the Spanish Civil War 3 In 1938 after the military defeat of the Basque Government the regime of General Franco prohibited this flag although it continued to be used in the Northern Basque Country 4 In the following decades it became a symbol of defiance the first actions of the clandestine group ETA involved placing flags in public places In 1976 during a derby match between Athletic Club Bilbao and Real Sociedad players from both teams united to sneak in and display the illegal Basque flag Ikurrina at Atotxa Stadium The act was successful as the authorities took no action and it became a significant step towards the legalization of the flag 5 The Basque flag was legalised again in 1977 during the Spanish transition to democracy Two years later the Basque Government adopted it as the flag of the Basque autonomous community It is also used as an unofficial flag for some sectors of Basque society in other provinces Gallery edit nbsp A Basque flag nbsp Original design of Arana Goiri brothers of Basque Flag or Ikurrina 1894 nbsp Initial design of the Ikurrina nbsp Original proposed flag to represent the entire Basque Country nbsp The Basque left wing nationalist party Herri Batasuna used a logo inspired by the Ikurrina nbsp Riders with the Flag of Navarre ikurrina and the Arrano beltza nbsp Parade in Abadino Biscay nbsp Ikurrina Biarritz Olympique Pays Basque 2009 nbsp Mauleon SA rugby team nbsp Castle of Mauleon Licharre 2017 nbsp Saint Jean Pied de Port 4 flags in the Town Hall See also edit nbsp Heraldry portal nbsp Spain portal The arrano beltza black eagle is another flag often displayed by Basque leftist nationalists besides Ikurrina The flag of Navarre is also used by a sector of nationalism that considers the kingdom of Navarre as a precedent of a future Basque state The three flags can be found side by side on some events The modern flag of Saint Pierre et Miquelon French North America recognizes its Basque heritage by including an ikurrina Religion in national symbols Basque people Coat of arms of Basque Country autonomous community Zazpiak Bat Politics and sportsReferences editApuntes para la historia del nacionalismo vasco las banderas de los ex Estados historicos vascos o regiones autonomas permanent dead link Luis de Arana Goiri 1930 Scanned pages of a typewritten manuscript Basque Country Spain at Flags of the World a b Euskaltzaindia Dictionary of the Standard Basque Archived 2011 04 09 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 2010 10 04 Real Academia Espanola 2001 ikurrina Diccionario de la Lengua Espanola 22nd edition available online Retrieved 2014 03 30 La Marina de Guerra Auxiliar de Euzkadi 1936 1937 Willis Craig Hughes Will Bober Sergiusz ECMI Minorities Blog National and Linguistic Minorities in the Context of Professional Football across Europe Five Examples from Non kin State Situations ECMI Retrieved 27 March 2023 The Basque Flag Ikurrina A Brief HistoryExternal links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ikurrina www ikurrinamunduan com Photographs in which the Ikurrina appears outside the borders of Euskal Herria The French regiment des Cars used a similar flag in the 18th century Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ikurrina amp oldid 1211857738, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
