In culture, a "fig leaf" or "fig-leaf" is a literal or figurative method of obscuring an act or object considered embarrassing or distasteful with something of innocuous appearance. The use of an actual fig leaf for the purpose originates in Western painting and sculpture, where leaves would be used by the artist themselves or by later censors in order to hide the genitalia of a subject. Use of the fig plant in particular came about as a Biblical reference to the Book of Genesis, in which Adam and Eve used fig leaves to cover their nudity after eating the forbidden fruit from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil.[2][3]
A fig leaf cast in plaster used to cover the genitals of a copy of a statue of David in the Cast Courts of the Victoria and Albert Museum. Today, the fig leaf is no longer used, but it is displayed in a case at the back of the cast's plinth.[1]
Ancient Greek art was dominated by the tradition of heroic nudity and a more general normalization of male nakedness, including the genitals, although the female vulval area was generally covered in art for public display. This tradition continued in Ancient Roman art until the conversion of the Roman Empire to Christianity, when such practices vanished entirely. During the Middle Ages, only the unfortunate (most often the damned) were usually shown naked, although the depictions were then often rather explicit.[4] Adam and Eve were often shown wearing fig or other leaves, following the Biblical description. This was especially a feature of Northern Renaissance art.
From about 1530, the growing response of the Catholic church to the Reformation ideologies that swept Europe and that led to the Council of Trent also led to a number of artworks, especially in churches or public places, being altered to reduce the amount of nudity on display.[5] Often, as in the famous case of Michelangelo's The Last Judgement, drapery or extra branches from any nearby bush was used. This has been dubbed the "fig leaf campaign".[5] For free-standing statues this did not work well, and carved or cast fig leaves were sometimes added, such as with the plaster copy of Michelangelo's David displayed in Victorian eraLondon.[6] In the reign of Queen Victoria, display of male nudity was contentious and the Queen herself was said to find it shocking. The museum commissioned this fig leaf and kept it in readiness in case of a visit by the Queen or other female dignitaries: the fig leaf was then hung on the figure using a pair of hooks.[7] Historian Daniel J. Boorstin said that:
The age of the rising middle class in Victorian England was, or course, the age of the fig leaf. "The fig leaves of decent reticence" which Charles Kingsley described were applied not only to statuary but to literature as well.[8]
The Adam and Eve panels on the Ghent Altarpiece, already equipped with fig leaves by Jan van Eyck, were simply replaced with 19th-century panels copying the figures but clothed. Many of these alterations have since been reversed, damaging some of the statues.
Eugen Sandow, often considered the first modern-day bodybuilder, was an admirer of the masculine physique, encapsulated in a Greco-Roman musculature he termed the Grecian Ideal. In addition to strongman sideshows, he performed "muscle displays" by posing in the nude—save for a fig leaf that he would don in further emulation of statues he described seeing in Italy as a boy.[9]
Modern eraedit
The expression fig leaf has a pejorativemetaphorical sense meaning a flimsy or minimal cover for anything or behaviour that might be considered shameful, with the implication that the cover is only a token gesture and the truth is obvious to all who choose to see it.[10]
A metaphorical fig leaf is something visible but innocuous, as against a coverup in which the existence of something may be entirely hidden. In the context of negotiation, an offer might be characterized as a "fig leaf" if that offer is actually a ploy to conceal a sinister plan.[citation needed]
Kuh, Richard H (1967). Foolish Figleaves?: Pornography in and Out of Court (2nd ed.). Macmillan.
External linksedit
Museum Secrets: Fig leaf campaign 2018-03-19 at the Wayback Machine
Alberti's Window
A Timeline of Early Modern Censorship
The Prude Nude: Censorship and Cover-Ups in Art
BBC: Fig Leaf: The Biggest Cover Up in History
January 01, 1970
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This article is about the censorship practice For other uses see Fig leaf disambiguation In culture a fig leaf or fig leaf is a literal or figurative method of obscuring an act or object considered embarrassing or distasteful with something of innocuous appearance The use of an actual fig leaf for the purpose originates in Western painting and sculpture where leaves would be used by the artist themselves or by later censors in order to hide the genitalia of a subject Use of the fig plant in particular came about as a Biblical reference to the Book of Genesis in which Adam and Eve used fig leaves to cover their nudity after eating the forbidden fruit from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil 2 3 A fig leaf cast in plaster used to cover the genitals of a copy of a statue of David in the Cast Courts of the Victoria and Albert Museum Today the fig leaf is no longer used but it is displayed in a case at the back of the cast s plinth 1 A fig leaf edition of a work is known as an expurgation or Bowdlerization Contents 1 History 2 Modern era 3 Gallery 4 See also 5 Citations 6 General bibliography 7 External linksHistory editAncient Greek art was dominated by the tradition of heroic nudity and a more general normalization of male nakedness including the genitals although the female vulval area was generally covered in art for public display This tradition continued in Ancient Roman art until the conversion of the Roman Empire to Christianity when such practices vanished entirely During the Middle Ages only the unfortunate most often the damned were usually shown naked although the depictions were then often rather explicit 4 Adam and Eve were often shown wearing fig or other leaves following the Biblical description This was especially a feature of Northern Renaissance art nbsp Bodybuilding pioneer Eugen Sandow portraying The Dying Gaul a pose taken from an ancient Roman sculpture From about 1530 the growing response of the Catholic church to the Reformation ideologies that swept Europe and that led to the Council of Trent also led to a number of artworks especially in churches or public places being altered to reduce the amount of nudity on display 5 Often as in the famous case of Michelangelo s The Last Judgement drapery or extra branches from any nearby bush was used This has been dubbed the fig leaf campaign 5 For free standing statues this did not work well and carved or cast fig leaves were sometimes added such as with the plaster copy of Michelangelo s David displayed in Victorian era London 6 In the reign of Queen Victoria display of male nudity was contentious and the Queen herself was said to find it shocking The museum commissioned this fig leaf and kept it in readiness in case of a visit by the Queen or other female dignitaries the fig leaf was then hung on the figure using a pair of hooks 7 Historian Daniel J Boorstin said that The age of the rising middle class in Victorian England was or course the age of the fig leaf The fig leaves of decent reticence which Charles Kingsley described were applied not only to statuary but to literature as well 8 The Adam and Eve panels on the Ghent Altarpiece already equipped with fig leaves by Jan van Eyck were simply replaced with 19th century panels copying the figures but clothed Many of these alterations have since been reversed damaging some of the statues Eugen Sandow often considered the first modern day bodybuilder was an admirer of the masculine physique encapsulated in a Greco Roman musculature he termed the Grecian Ideal In addition to strongman sideshows he performed muscle displays by posing in the nude save for a fig leaf that he would don in further emulation of statues he described seeing in Italy as a boy 9 Modern era editThe expression fig leaf has a pejorative metaphorical sense meaning a flimsy or minimal cover for anything or behaviour that might be considered shameful with the implication that the cover is only a token gesture and the truth is obvious to all who choose to see it 10 A metaphorical fig leaf is something visible but innocuous as against a coverup in which the existence of something may be entirely hidden In the context of negotiation an offer might be characterized as a fig leaf if that offer is actually a ploy to conceal a sinister plan citation needed Gallery edit nbsp The Expulsion from the Garden of Eden by Masaccio before and after restoration It was painted in 1425 covered up in 1680 and restored in 1980 nbsp A statue of Mercury in the Vatican The fig leaf was applied under the more chaste Popes most such coverings were removed later nbsp The Fall of the Titans by Cornelis Cornelisz van Haarlem nbsp Perseus and Andromeda fig leaf copy of original relief work nbsp Adam is Tempted by Eve by James TissotSee also editCensorship Religion and sexuality Christian naturism Olive branchCitations edit Fig leaf for Michelangelo s David Collections V amp A Museum Retrieved 5 March 2009 Genesis 3 7 WikiSource and they sewed fig leaves and made themselves waist belts Genesis 3 7 several translations BibleGateway com Retrieved 2019 08 06 Clark Kenneth 1956 The Nude A Study in Ideal Form Princeton University Press ISBN 0 691 01788 3 a b Babbs Verity 2024 02 21 Art Bites How the Modesty Police Used Fig Leaves to Censor Nudes Artnet News Retrieved 2024 02 21 David s Fig Leaf Victoria amp Albert Museum Archived from the original on 2007 06 03 Retrieved 2017 02 08 Fig leaf for Michelangelo s David Collections V amp A Museum Retrieved 5 March 2009 Boorstin Daniel J 1962 The Image A Guide to Pseudo Events in America Knopf Doubleday Publishing ISBN 978 0679741800 Anderson R Christian Sandow Wearing a Figleaf SandowMuseum com Retrieved 2007 05 29 Cable derides fig leaf tax cuts news bbc co uk 2008 11 24 Retrieved 2010 09 16 General bibliography editKuh Richard H 1967 Foolish Figleaves Pornography in and Out of Court 2nd ed Macmillan External links editMuseum Secrets Fig leaf campaign Archived 2018 03 19 at the Wayback Machine Alberti s Window A Timeline of Early Modern Censorship The Prude Nude Censorship and Cover Ups in Art BBC Fig Leaf The Biggest Cover Up in History Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Fig leaf amp oldid 1218361001, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
