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Felis margarita thinobia

August 31, 2023

Felis margarita thinobia, known as the Turkestan sand cat, Arabian sand cat, and Pakistan sand cat, is a sand cat subspecies native to deserts in the Arabian Peninsula, Iran, Pakistan and Central Asia.[1][2]

Felis margarita thinobia
Sand cat photographed in Iran
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Carnivora
Suborder: Feliformia
Family: Felidae
Subfamily: Felinae
Genus: Felis
Species:
F. margarita
Subspecies:
F. m. thinobia
Trinomial name
Felis margarita thinobia
(Ognev, 1926)
Synonyms[1]
  • F. m. scheffeli Hemmer, 1974
  • F. m. harrisoni Hemmer, Grubb, and Groves, 1976

Taxonomy Edit

In 1926, Russian zoologist Sergey Ognev described a sand cat collected in the Karakum Desert in Turkmenistan under the name Eremaelurus thinobius.[3] In 1938, British zoologist Reginald Innes Pocock considered this specimen a species under the name Felis thinobius.[4] Later he considered it a subspecies of the sand cat, which to date is widely recognised.[5][2][6][7]

In 1974, F. m. scheffeli was described based on seven specimens from Pakistan's Nushki desert.[8] In 1976, F. m. harrisoni was described based on a single specimen captured in Oman.[9]

In 2017, the Cat Classification Task Force of the Cat Specialist Group subordinated both F. m. harrisoni and F. m. scheffeli to F. m. thinobia.[1]

Characteristics Edit

Sand cat specimens collected in the Karakum Desert in Turkestan were described as darker and greyer in fur colour than the Saharan sand cat (F. m. margarita), with less pronounced markings and only 2–3 tail rings. Specimens from Pakistan were more strongly marked, had shorter carnassials and a less expanded occiput than ones from Turkestan.[9] Later studies confirmed that F. m. thinobia is larger in size with greyer fur and fewer markings than F. m. margarita.[1]

Distribution and habitat Edit

In the Arabian Peninsula, sand cats were recorded in Saudi Arabia's Mahazat as-Sayd Protected Area and in the country's Najdi region.[10][11] In the United Arab Emirates, sand cats were observed in Al Ain Region, Abu Dhabi, and recorded by camera-traps in Baynouna Protected Area.[12][13] A record in Oman's Umm al Samim area dates to the 1970s.[9]

In the Near East, sand cats were radio-collared and tracked in Israel's Arabah Valley, observed in a Jordanian desert, in the central Syrian desert near Palmyra, and captured in Iraq's Najaf desert.[14][15][16][17][18] In Iran, sand cats were recorded in sandy deserts of Abbas’abad Wildlife Reserve, Kavir National Park, Petergan Rural District, and in Sistan and Baluchestan Province.[19][20] In Pakistan, sand cats were captured between the early 1960s and mid 1970s in the Chagai Hills, an extremely arid area comprising rolling sand dunes and stony plains at an elevation of about 1,200 m (3,900 ft).[21]

In Central Asia, sand cats were captured in the east of the Karakum Desert in the early 1920s, and in the 1950s also in Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan for the fur trade.[3][22] In the southern Kyzylkum Desert, sand cats were recorded by camera-traps in 2013.[23]

Conservation Edit

 
An Arabian sand cat at Osnabrück Zoo, Germany

In 2003, the status of the Pakistan sand cat population was assessed as Critically Endangered during a workshop for the national 'Red List of Pakistan's Mammals'.[24] However, a survey targeting the sand cat population in the country has not been carried out since the 1960s.[25]

In captivity Edit

Since the mid 1960s, sand cats were captured in Pakistan for trade and export to Europe, until the Pakistani government rejected issuing of permits in 1974.[26] In 2013, a study revealed that the captive sand cat population kept in European zoos is descended from 18 founders.[27]

References Edit

  1. ^ a b c d Kitchener, A. C.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Eizirik, E.; Gentry, A.; Werdelin, L.; Wilting, A.; Yamaguchi, N.; Abramov, A. V.; Christiansen, P.; Driscoll, C.; Duckworth, J. W.; Johnson, W.; Luo, S.-J.; Meijaard, E.; O’Donoghue, P.; Sanderson, J.; Seymour, K.; Bruford, M.; Groves, C.; Hoffmann, M.; Nowell, K.; Timmons, Z.; Tobe, S. (2017). "A revised taxonomy of the Felidae: The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN Cat Specialist Group" (PDF). Cat News. Special Issue 11: 14–15.
  2. ^ a b Sliwa, A. (2009). "Sand Cat Felis margarita". In Wilson, D. E.; Mittermeier, R. A. (eds.). Handbook of the Mammals of the World, Volume 1: Order Carnivora. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions.
  3. ^ a b Ognev, S. (1926). "A new genus and species of cat from the Transcaspian region". Annuaire du Musée Zoologique Académie des Sciences USSR. 27: 356–362.
  4. ^ Pocock, R.I. (1938). "The Algerian Sand Cat (Felis margarita Loche)". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. B108 (1): 41–46. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1938.tb00021.x.
  5. ^ Pocock, R. I. (1951). Catalogue of the genus Felis. London: British Museum (Natural History).
  6. ^ Cole, F.R.; Wilson, D.E. (2015). "Felis margarita (Carnivora: Felidae)" (PDF). Mammalian Species. 47 (924): 63–77. doi:10.1093/mspecies/sev007.
  7. ^ Sliwa, A. (2013). "Felis margarita Sand Cat". In Kingdon, J.; Happold, D. (eds.). Mammals of Africa, Volume V: Carnivores, Pangolins, Equids and Rhinoceroses. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 199–202.
  8. ^ Hemmer, H. (1974). "Studien zur Systematik und Biologie der Sandkatze (Felis margarita Loche, 1858)" [Studies on the systematics and biology of the sand cat]. Zeitschrift des Kölner Zoo (in German). 17 (1): 11–20.
  9. ^ a b c Hemmer, H.; Grubb, P.; Groves, C. P. (1976). "Notes on the sand cat, Felis margarita Loche 1858" (PDF). Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde. 41: 286–303.
  10. ^ Ostrowski, S., Van Vuuren, M., Lenain, D. M. and Durand, A. (2003). "A serologic survey of wild felids from central west Saudi Arabia". Journal of Wildlife Diseases. 39 (3): 696–701. doi:10.7589/0090-3558-39.3.696. PMID 14567233. S2CID 25416007.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  11. ^ Sher Shah, M.; Cunningham, P. (2008). "Fences as a threat to Sand cats Felis margarita Loche, 1958, in Saudi Arabia". Zoology in the Middle East. 42: 99–101.
  12. ^ Cunningham, P. (2002). "Status of the Sand Cat, Felis margarita, in the United Arab Emirates". Zoology in the Middle East. 25: 9–14. doi:10.1080/09397140.2002.10637898. S2CID 83659961.
  13. ^ Ahmed, S.; Al Zaabi, R.; Soorae, P.; Shah, J. N.; Al Hammadi, E.; Pusey, R.; Al Dhaheri, S. (2016). "Rediscovering the Arabian sand cat (Felis margarita harrisoni) after a gap of 10 years using camera traps in the Western Region of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates". European Journal of Wildlife Research. 62 (5): 627–631. doi:10.1007/s10344-016-1035-8. S2CID 779635.
  14. ^ Abbadi, M. (1991). "Israel' s elusive feline: Sand Cats". Israel Land and Nature. 16 (3): 111–115.
  15. ^ Hemmer, H. (1978). "Nachweis der Sandkatze (Felis margarita harrisoni Hemmer, Grubb und Groves, 1976) in Jordanien". Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde. 43: 62–64.
  16. ^ Bunaian, F.; Mashaqbeh, S.; Yousef, M.; Buduri, A.; Amr, Z. S. (1998). "A new record of the Sand Cat, Felis margarita, from Jordan". Zoology in the Middle East. 16: 5–7. doi:10.1080/09397140.1998.10637748.
  17. ^ Serra, G.; Abdallah, M. S.; Al Quaim, G. (2007). "Occurrence of Ruppell's fox Vulpes rueppelli and Sand cat Felis margarita in Syria" (PDF). Zoology in the Middle East. 42: 99–101. doi:10.1080/09397140.2007.10638252. S2CID 84492343.
  18. ^ Mohammad, M. K.; Lahony, S. R.; Al-Rammahi, H. M. (2013). "First record of the Sand Cat, Felis margarita Loche, 1858 (Mammalia: Carnivora, Felidae), from Iraq". Zoology in the Middle East. 59 (4): 358–359. doi:10.1080/09397140.2013.868144. S2CID 85019590.
  19. ^ Ghadirian, T.; Akbari, H.; Besmeli, M.; Ghoddousi, A.; Hamidi, A. K. & Dehkordi, M. E. (2016). "Sand cat in Iran – present status, distribution and conservation challenges" (PDF). Cat News (Special Issue 10): 56–59.
  20. ^ Ghafaripour, S.; Naderi, M. & Rezaei, H. R. (2017). "Investigating abundance, density and potential threats of Sand Cat in the South-Eastern parts of Iran" (PDF). Journal of Wildlife and Biodiversity. 1 (1): 47−55.
  21. ^ Roberts, T. (1977). "Felis margarita". The Mammals of Pakistan. London: Ernest Benn. pp. 142−143. ISBN 9780510399009.
  22. ^ Geptner, V. G., Sludskij, A. A. (1992) [1972]. "Sand Cat". Mlekopitajuščie Sovetskogo Soiuza. Moskva: Vysšaia Škola [Mammals of the Soviet Union. Volume II, Part 2. Carnivora (Hyaenas and Cats)]. Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution and the National Science Foundation. pp. 636–665.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  23. ^ Burnside, J. R.; Koshkin, M. & Dolman, P. M. (2014). "Breeding population of sand cat in the Southern Kyzylkum Desert, Uzbekistan". Cat News (60): 25−26.
  24. ^ Sheikh, K. M., Molur, S. (Eds.) (2004). Status and Red List of Pakistan's Mammals. Based on the Conservation Assessment and Management Plan. Karachi: IUCN Pakistan.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  25. ^ Sliwa, A.; Ghadirian, T.; Appel, A.; Banfield, L.; Sher Shah, M. & Wacher, T. (2016). "Felis margarita". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN. 2016: e.T8541A50651884. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T8541A50651884.en. Retrieved 29 November 2018.
  26. ^ Roberts, T. (1984). "Cats in Pakistan". In Jackson, P. (ed.). The plight of the cats: Proceedings from the Cat Specialist Group meeting in Kanha National Park, India, 9–12 April 1984. Gland: Cat Specialist Group. pp. 151–154.
  27. ^ Witzenberger, K. A. & Hochkirch, A. (2013). "Evaluating ex situ conservation projects: Genetic structure of the captive population of the Arabian sand cat" (PDF). Mammalian Biology. 78 (5): 379–382. doi:10.1016/j.mambio.2013.03.001.

External links Edit

  • Elusive Arabian sand cat spotted after 10 years' disappearance (New Scientist)

August 31, 2023
felis, margarita, thinobia, known, turkestan, sand, arabian, sand, pakistan, sand, sand, subspecies, native, deserts, arabian, peninsula, iran, pakistan, central, asia, sand, photographed, iranscientific, classificationdomain, eukaryotakingdom, animaliaphylum,. Felis margarita thinobia known as the Turkestan sand cat Arabian sand cat and Pakistan sand cat is a sand cat subspecies native to deserts in the Arabian Peninsula Iran Pakistan and Central Asia 1 2 Felis margarita thinobiaSand cat photographed in IranScientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass MammaliaOrder CarnivoraSuborder FeliformiaFamily FelidaeSubfamily FelinaeGenus FelisSpecies F margaritaSubspecies F m thinobiaTrinomial nameFelis margarita thinobia Ognev 1926 Synonyms 1 F m scheffeli Hemmer 1974 F m harrisoni Hemmer Grubb and Groves 1976 Contents 1 Taxonomy 2 Characteristics 3 Distribution and habitat 4 Conservation 4 1 In captivity 5 References 6 External linksTaxonomy EditIn 1926 Russian zoologist Sergey Ognev described a sand cat collected in the Karakum Desert in Turkmenistan under the name Eremaelurus thinobius 3 In 1938 British zoologist Reginald Innes Pocock considered this specimen a species under the name Felis thinobius 4 Later he considered it a subspecies of the sand cat which to date is widely recognised 5 2 6 7 In 1974 F m scheffeli was described based on seven specimens from Pakistan s Nushki desert 8 In 1976 F m harrisoni was described based on a single specimen captured in Oman 9 In 2017 the Cat Classification Task Force of the Cat Specialist Group subordinated both F m harrisoni and F m scheffeli to F m thinobia 1 Characteristics EditSand cat specimens collected in the Karakum Desert in Turkestan were described as darker and greyer in fur colour than the Saharan sand cat F m margarita with less pronounced markings and only 2 3 tail rings Specimens from Pakistan were more strongly marked had shorter carnassials and a less expanded occiput than ones from Turkestan 9 Later studies confirmed that F m thinobia is larger in size with greyer fur and fewer markings than F m margarita 1 Distribution and habitat EditIn the Arabian Peninsula sand cats were recorded in Saudi Arabia s Mahazat as Sayd Protected Area and in the country s Najdi region 10 11 In the United Arab Emirates sand cats were observed in Al Ain Region Abu Dhabi and recorded by camera traps in Baynouna Protected Area 12 13 A record in Oman s Umm al Samim area dates to the 1970s 9 In the Near East sand cats were radio collared and tracked in Israel s Arabah Valley observed in a Jordanian desert in the central Syrian desert near Palmyra and captured in Iraq s Najaf desert 14 15 16 17 18 In Iran sand cats were recorded in sandy deserts of Abbas abad Wildlife Reserve Kavir National Park Petergan Rural District and in Sistan and Baluchestan Province 19 20 In Pakistan sand cats were captured between the early 1960s and mid 1970s in the Chagai Hills an extremely arid area comprising rolling sand dunes and stony plains at an elevation of about 1 200 m 3 900 ft 21 In Central Asia sand cats were captured in the east of the Karakum Desert in the early 1920s and in the 1950s also in Turkmenistan Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan for the fur trade 3 22 In the southern Kyzylkum Desert sand cats were recorded by camera traps in 2013 23 Conservation Edit An Arabian sand cat at Osnabruck Zoo GermanyIn 2003 the status of the Pakistan sand cat population was assessed as Critically Endangered during a workshop for the national Red List of Pakistan s Mammals 24 However a survey targeting the sand cat population in the country has not been carried out since the 1960s 25 In captivity Edit Since the mid 1960s sand cats were captured in Pakistan for trade and export to Europe until the Pakistani government rejected issuing of permits in 1974 26 In 2013 a study revealed that the captive sand cat population kept in European zoos is descended from 18 founders 27 References Edit a b c d Kitchener A C Breitenmoser Wursten C Eizirik E Gentry A Werdelin L Wilting A Yamaguchi N Abramov A V Christiansen P Driscoll C Duckworth J W Johnson W Luo S J Meijaard E O Donoghue P Sanderson J Seymour K Bruford M Groves C Hoffmann M Nowell K Timmons Z Tobe S 2017 A revised taxonomy of the Felidae The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN Cat Specialist Group PDF Cat News Special Issue 11 14 15 a b Sliwa A 2009 Sand Cat Felis margarita In Wilson D E Mittermeier R A eds Handbook of the Mammals of the World Volume 1 Order Carnivora Barcelona Lynx Edicions a b Ognev S 1926 A new genus and species of cat from the Transcaspian region Annuaire du Musee Zoologique Academie des Sciences USSR 27 356 362 Pocock R I 1938 The Algerian Sand Cat Felis margarita Loche Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London B108 1 41 46 doi 10 1111 j 1096 3642 1938 tb00021 x Pocock R I 1951 Catalogue of the genus Felis London British Museum Natural History Cole F R Wilson D E 2015 Felis margarita Carnivora Felidae PDF Mammalian Species 47 924 63 77 doi 10 1093 mspecies sev007 Sliwa A 2013 Felis margarita Sand Cat In Kingdon J Happold D eds Mammals of Africa Volume V Carnivores Pangolins Equids and Rhinoceroses London Bloomsbury Publishing pp 199 202 Hemmer H 1974 Studien zur Systematik und Biologie der Sandkatze Felis margarita Loche 1858 Studies on the systematics and biology of the sand cat Zeitschrift des Kolner Zoo in German 17 1 11 20 a b c Hemmer H Grubb P Groves C P 1976 Notes on the sand cat Felis margarita Loche 1858 PDF Zeitschrift fur Saugetierkunde 41 286 303 Ostrowski S Van Vuuren M Lenain D M and Durand A 2003 A serologic survey of wild felids from central west Saudi Arabia Journal of Wildlife Diseases 39 3 696 701 doi 10 7589 0090 3558 39 3 696 PMID 14567233 S2CID 25416007 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a CS1 maint uses authors parameter link Sher Shah M Cunningham P 2008 Fences as a threat to Sand cats Felis margarita Loche 1958 in Saudi Arabia Zoology in the Middle East 42 99 101 Cunningham P 2002 Status of the Sand Cat Felis margarita in the United Arab Emirates Zoology in the Middle East 25 9 14 doi 10 1080 09397140 2002 10637898 S2CID 83659961 Ahmed S Al Zaabi R Soorae P Shah J N Al Hammadi E Pusey R Al Dhaheri S 2016 Rediscovering the Arabian sand cat Felis margarita harrisoni after a gap of 10 years using camera traps in the Western Region of Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates European Journal of Wildlife Research 62 5 627 631 doi 10 1007 s10344 016 1035 8 S2CID 779635 Abbadi M 1991 Israel s elusive feline Sand Cats Israel Land and Nature 16 3 111 115 Hemmer H 1978 Nachweis der Sandkatze Felis margarita harrisoni Hemmer Grubb und Groves 1976 in Jordanien Zeitschrift fur Saugetierkunde 43 62 64 Bunaian F Mashaqbeh S Yousef M Buduri A Amr Z S 1998 A new record of the Sand Cat Felis margarita from Jordan Zoology in the Middle East 16 5 7 doi 10 1080 09397140 1998 10637748 Serra G Abdallah M S Al Quaim G 2007 Occurrence of Ruppell s fox Vulpes rueppelli and Sand cat Felis margarita in Syria PDF Zoology in the Middle East 42 99 101 doi 10 1080 09397140 2007 10638252 S2CID 84492343 Mohammad M K Lahony S R Al Rammahi H M 2013 First record of the Sand Cat Felis margarita Loche 1858 Mammalia Carnivora Felidae from Iraq Zoology in the Middle East 59 4 358 359 doi 10 1080 09397140 2013 868144 S2CID 85019590 Ghadirian T Akbari H Besmeli M Ghoddousi A Hamidi A K amp Dehkordi M E 2016 Sand cat in Iran present status distribution and conservation challenges PDF Cat News Special Issue 10 56 59 Ghafaripour S Naderi M amp Rezaei H R 2017 Investigating abundance density and potential threats of Sand Cat in the South Eastern parts of Iran PDF Journal of Wildlife and Biodiversity 1 1 47 55 Roberts T 1977 Felis margarita The Mammals of Pakistan London Ernest Benn pp 142 143 ISBN 9780510399009 Geptner V G Sludskij A A 1992 1972 Sand Cat Mlekopitajuscie Sovetskogo Soiuza Moskva Vyssaia Skola Mammals of the Soviet Union Volume II Part 2 Carnivora Hyaenas and Cats Washington DC Smithsonian Institution and the National Science Foundation pp 636 665 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Burnside J R Koshkin M amp Dolman P M 2014 Breeding population of sand cat in the Southern Kyzylkum Desert Uzbekistan Cat News 60 25 26 Sheikh K M Molur S Eds 2004 Status and Red List of Pakistan s Mammals Based on the Conservation Assessment and Management Plan Karachi IUCN Pakistan a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint uses authors parameter link Sliwa A Ghadirian T Appel A Banfield L Sher Shah M amp Wacher T 2016 Felis margarita The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species IUCN 2016 e T8541A50651884 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2016 2 RLTS T8541A50651884 en Retrieved 29 November 2018 Roberts T 1984 Cats in Pakistan In Jackson P ed The plight of the cats Proceedings from the Cat Specialist Group meeting in Kanha National Park India 9 12 April 1984 Gland Cat Specialist Group pp 151 154 Witzenberger K A amp Hochkirch A 2013 Evaluating ex situ conservation projects Genetic structure of the captive population of the Arabian sand cat PDF Mammalian Biology 78 5 379 382 doi 10 1016 j mambio 2013 03 001 External links EditElusive Arabian sand cat spotted after 10 years disappearance New Scientist Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Felis margarita thinobia amp oldid 1154132463, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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