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The Federal War (Spanish: Guerra Federal) — also known as the Great War or the Five Year War — was a civil war (1859–1863) in Venezuela between the Conservative party and the Liberal party over the monopoly the Conservatives held over government positions and land ownership, and their intransigence to granting any reforms. This drove the Liberals – known as the Federalists – to look for greater autonomy for the provinces: a new federalism for Venezuela, as it were. It was the biggest and bloodiest civil war that Venezuela had since its independence from Spain on 5 July 1811. Hundreds of thousands died in the violence of the war, or from hunger or disease, in a country with a population of just over a million people.
Venezuela was facing many social and governmental struggles during this time period. Many factors contributed to the start of the war within the country, including social problems inherited from the struggle for independence, tensions among the diverse economic and political groups, a succession of armed movements in rural areas, and the hopes for a change in the government structure which was a centralist-federalist government.[2]
Start of the war
On February 20, 1859, in the city of Coro (Falcon state), northern Venezuela federalist proclaimed the creation of a federation, the abolition of the death penalty, universal suffrage and political pluralism. As a result, fighting broke out in various parts of the country, starting the Federal War in Venezuela.[3]
Important people
Ezequiel Zamora was the federalist who won the battle of Santa Ines in 1859 giving the feds a taste of victory. Zamora was a venezuelan soldier and leader of the federalists in the Federal War. Thanks to his friend who was a lawyer, Zamora learned a lot about philosophy and the foundations of Roman law, and soon advocated the "principles of equality" and the need for Venezuela to have this implemented. He was named the Federalist's "Chief Operating Officer of the West" after the battles he won there.
León de Febres Cordero y Oberto was an army and political conservative from Venezuela who was a key leader in the war for independence of the country. He was also a key person in the Federal War, he won many battles for the conservatives including the battle of Coplé. Leon lost the battle of Santa Inés, he retrieved to save his troops, later on he gathered strenght and in Caracas, Febres Cordero defeated the federalists and celebrated the victory in the battle of Coplé.
Ezequiel Zamora, the federalist who won the battle of Santa Inés, 1859.
León de Febres Cordero y Oberto the leader of the conservatives who won the battle of Coplé.
Course of the war
The Federal war was characterized by the guerrillas that were provoked in the intertior of the country, this is why the battle had only two major battles, the battle of Santa Inés, and the battle of the Coplé.
Battle of Santa Inés, the first major conflict during the Federal War
Battle of Santa Inés[4] took place on December 10, 1859, and won the feds under the command of Ezequiel Zamora.
The conservative government with the leadership of Pedro Estanislao Ramos had 12,000 soldiers at his disposal while the Federalists with the leadership of Ezequiel Zamora had 20,000 soldiers on his disposal. The war was fought on land with General Ramos being seriously injured, many of his soldiers, horses, and artillery died in the battle. He withdrew from the battle and ran, only 2,000 troops came with him the others passed away. On the other side, the federalists with the leadership of Zamora were left with 6,000 soldiers after the devastating battle. In total, around 24,000 people died in the event.
A month later, on February 17, 1860, the battle of Coplé[5] took place. The conservative side in charge of the lion of Febres Cordero was victorious.
In the battle of Cople, Juan Crisostomo Falcon was the leader of the federalists while Leon de Febres Cordero y Oberto was the leader of the Conservatives. The federalists army had 24,400 troops while on the other hand, the conservatives army had between 14,380 - 15000 troops. After the battle, the federalists had lost 5,000 men, and the casualties from the conservatives is unknown.
It is estimated that the total number of casualties almost reaches 100,000.
End of the war
The Federal War in Venezuela went on for four years until April 1863 due to the signing of the treaty of Coche that put an end to it. Many changes came with the end of the war:
Abolition of the death penalty.
Establishment of the Federation, with the entry into force of the constitution of 1864.
Shortage of the agricultural activity in the plains due to the fires.
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February 07, 2023
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This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in German September 2016 Click show for important translation instructions Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Consider adding a topic to this template there are already 9 676 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing German Wikipedia article at de Foderaler Krieg see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated de Foderaler Krieg to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Federal War news newspapers books scholar JSTOR June 2020 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Federal War Spanish Guerra Federal also known as the Great War or the Five Year War was a civil war 1859 1863 in Venezuela between the Conservative party and the Liberal party over the monopoly the Conservatives held over government positions and land ownership and their intransigence to granting any reforms This drove the Liberals known as the Federalists to look for greater autonomy for the provinces a new federalism for Venezuela as it were It was the biggest and bloodiest civil war that Venezuela had since its independence from Spain on 5 July 1811 Hundreds of thousands died in the violence of the war or from hunger or disease in a country with a population of just over a million people Federal WarPart of the Venezuelan Civil WarsCombat of Maiquetia during the beginning of the Federal War 2 September 1859Date20 February 1859 24 April 1863LocationMainly the Barinas Portuguesa Cojedes Apure and Guarico states of VenezuelaResultTreaty of Coche Establishment of a Federalist GovernmentBelligerentsFederalistsConservative GovernmentCommanders and leadersEzequiel Zamora Juan Crisostomo FalconAntonio Guzman BlancoJose Antonio PaezJulian CastroCasualties and losses100 000 dead 1 Contents 1 Struggles in the government and society 2 Start of the war 3 Important people 4 Course of the war 5 End of the war 6 References 7 External linksStruggles in the government and society EditVenezuela was facing many social and governmental struggles during this time period Many factors contributed to the start of the war within the country including social problems inherited from the struggle for independence tensions among the diverse economic and political groups a succession of armed movements in rural areas and the hopes for a change in the government structure which was a centralist federalist government 2 Start of the war EditOn February 20 1859 in the city of Coro Falcon state northern Venezuela federalist proclaimed the creation of a federation the abolition of the death penalty universal suffrage and political pluralism As a result fighting broke out in various parts of the country starting the Federal War in Venezuela 3 Important people EditEzequiel Zamora was the federalist who won the battle of Santa Ines in 1859 giving the feds a taste of victory Zamora was a venezuelan soldier and leader of the federalists in the Federal War Thanks to his friend who was a lawyer Zamora learned a lot about philosophy and the foundations of Roman law and soon advocated the principles of equality and the need for Venezuela to have this implemented He was named the Federalist s Chief Operating Officer of the West after the battles he won there Leon de Febres Cordero y Oberto was an army and political conservative from Venezuela who was a key leader in the war for independence of the country He was also a key person in the Federal War he won many battles for the conservatives including the battle of Cople Leon lost the battle of Santa Ines he retrieved to save his troops later on he gathered strenght and in Caracas Febres Cordero defeated the federalists and celebrated the victory in the battle of Cople Ezequiel Zamora the federalist who won the battle of Santa Ines 1859 Leon de Febres Cordero y Oberto the leader of the conservatives who won the battle of Cople Course of the war EditThe Federal war was characterized by the guerrillas that were provoked in the intertior of the country this is why the battle had only two major battles the battle of Santa Ines and the battle of the Cople Battle of Santa Ines the first major conflict during the Federal War Battle of Santa Ines 4 took place on December 10 1859 and won the feds under the command of Ezequiel Zamora The conservative government with the leadership of Pedro Estanislao Ramos had 12 000 soldiers at his disposal while the Federalists with the leadership of Ezequiel Zamora had 20 000 soldiers on his disposal The war was fought on land with General Ramos being seriously injured many of his soldiers horses and artillery died in the battle He withdrew from the battle and ran only 2 000 troops came with him the others passed away On the other side the federalists with the leadership of Zamora were left with 6 000 soldiers after the devastating battle In total around 24 000 people died in the event A month later on February 17 1860 the battle of Cople 5 took place The conservative side in charge of the lion of Febres Cordero was victorious In the battle of Cople Juan Crisostomo Falcon was the leader of the federalists while Leon de Febres Cordero y Oberto was the leader of the Conservatives The federalists army had 24 400 troops while on the other hand the conservatives army had between 14 380 15000 troops After the battle the federalists had lost 5 000 men and the casualties from the conservatives is unknown It is estimated that the total number of casualties almost reaches 100 000 End of the war EditThe Federal War in Venezuela went on for four years until April 1863 due to the signing of the treaty of Coche that put an end to it Many changes came with the end of the war Abolition of the death penalty Establishment of the Federation with the entry into force of the constitution of 1864 Shortage of the agricultural activity in the plains due to the fires Decrease in foreign trade Reduction of the central government army 6 References Edit Salas Miguel Tinker 2015 Venezuela What Everyone Needs to Know Oxford Oxford University Press p 46 ISBN 9780199783281 Federal War Encyclopedia Retrieved 14 November 2022 10 Characteristics of the Federal War in Venezuela Life Persona Retrieved 14 November 2022 10 Characteristics of the Federal War in Venezuela Life Persona Retrieved 14 November 2022 10 Characteristics of the Federal War in Venezuela Life Persona Retrieved 14 November 2022 10 Characteristics of the Federal War in Venezuela Life Persona Retrieved 14 November 2022 Bednar R 2017c April 25 10 Characteristics of the Federal War in Venezuela Life Persona https www lifepersona com 10 characteristics of the federal war in venezuelaEncyclopedia com https www encyclopedia com humanities encyclopedias almanacs transcripts and maps federal war venezuela 1859 1863External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Federal War Great War Virtual Gallery Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Federal War amp oldid 1136188405, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
