Fascist architecture encompasses various stylistic trends in architecture developed by architects of fascist states, primarily in the early 20th century. Fascist architectural styles gained popularity in the late 1920s with the rise of modernism along with the ultranationalism associated with fascist governments in western Europe. Fascist styles often resemble that of ancient Rome, but can extend to modern aesthetics as well. Fascist-era buildings are frequently constructed with particular concern given to symmetry and simplicity.
Both Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler utilised new styles of architecture (variations of Rationalism, and Stripped Classicism respectively) as one of many attempts to unify the citizens of their states, mark a new era of nationalist culture, and exhibit the absolute rule of the state.[1]
The fascist styles of architecture reflect the values of Fascism as a political ideology that developed in the early 20th century after World War I. The philosophy is defined by a strong nationalist people governed by a totalitarian government. The vision of a strong, unified, and economically stable nation seemed appealing to western Europe after the physical and economic destruction after World War I, which contributed to the rise of fascism and corporatism.
Italian and German fascism
Fascist architecture in the form of Rationalism became popular under Benito Mussolini's rule of Italy from 1922 to 1943. Within this period he transformed the Italian executive role from that of a prime minister to a dictatorship. A few years after his taking of office he was referred to as Il Duce (the leader). When Mussolini took office, he took on the role of bringing about fascism and idealism to replace democracy in Italy. He utilized all forms of media along with architectural identity. The new modernist style of architecture was one way to help build his vision of a unified fascist Italy. When Mussolini called for a fascist style of architecture, architects used the style to imitate that of imperial Rome and to bring historical pride and a sense of nationalism to the Italian people. Fascist architecture was one of many ways for Mussolini to invigorate a cultural rebirth in Italy and to mark a new era of Italian culture under fascism.[2][3][4][5]
Similarly, once Hitler came to power in 1933 and transformed the German Chancellery to a dictatorship, he used fascist architecture in the form of Stripped Classicism as one of many tools to help unify and nationalize Germany under his rule. Hitler had plans to rebuild Berlin after the axis powers won World War II under the name Germania, or Welthauptstadt Germania. Hitler had his favorite architect, Albert Speer, design this new metropolis using fascist architecture design.[6]
Style
Fascist-styles of architecture are a branch of modernist architecture which became popular in the early 20th century. The Italian Fascist style was also greatly influenced by the rationalist movement in Italy in the 1920s. Rationalist architecture, with the help of Italian government support, celebrated the new fascist age of culture and government in Italy.[7]
In Nazi Germany, the extremely large and spacious Fascist architecture was one way envisioned by Hitler to unify Germany for what he described as "mass experiences", in which thousands of citizens could gather and take part in the patriotism of community events, and listen to speeches made by Hitler and other Nazi party leaders.
The fascist styles of architecture took design cues from Ancient Rome in that buildings of the styles were generally very large and symmetric with sharp non-rounded edges. The buildings purposefully conveyed a sense of awe and intimidation through their size, and were made of limestone and other durable stones in order to last the entirety of the fascist era and create impressive ruins. The buildings were also very plain, with little or no decoration, and lacked much complexity in design. These generalities of fascist architecture contributed to the simple aesthetics the edifices display. All these aspects helped the fascist dictatorships exhibit absolute and total rule of the population. Hitler and Mussolini used fascist architecture as another source of propaganda to display to the world the strength, pride and power their regimes had.[8]
Architects
The most prominent Italian and German fascist architects of the era were:
Albert Speer – Speer was Hitler's favorite German architect. He designed the Deutsches Stadion and had plans of rebuilding Berlin, using fascist style architecture, around a massive hall called the Volkshalle.[9]
A few of the notable fascist architecture projects of the 20th century include
EUR, Rome (Esposizione Universale Roma) – Construction of the EUR began in 1936 in anticipation for Mussolini's World Fair in 1942 to mark the 20th anniversary of the Italian fascist era
Deutsches Stadion – the component of the Nazi party grounds Albert Speer designed and Hitler envisioned would host all the future Olympic games during the Third Reich[10]
See also
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Fascist architecture.
^"The Fascinating World of Fascist Architecture". Retrieved 2012-02-04.
^"Fascist Architecture in Italy". Retrieved 2012-02-04.
^Mathews, Jeff. . Archived from the original on 2011-09-17. Retrieved 2012-02-04.
^Payne, Stanley. . Archived from the original on 2012-04-01. Retrieved 2012-02-12.
^Mathews, Jeff. . Archived from the original on 2011-09-17. Retrieved 2012-02-12.
^. Archived from the original on 2016-09-03. Retrieved 2012-02-12.
^Ghirardo, Diane (May 1980). "Italian Architects and Fascist Politics: An Evaluation of the Rationalist's Role in Regime Building". Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians. 39 (2): 109–127. doi:10.2307/989580. JSTOR 989580.
^. Archived from the original on 2014-07-24. Retrieved 2012-02-04.
^Piperno, Roberto. "A XXth century New Rome". Retrieved 2012-02-04.
Fascismo - Architettura - Arte. Arte fascista web site
August 21, 2023
fascist, architecture, encompasses, various, stylistic, trends, architecture, developed, architects, fascist, states, primarily, early, 20th, century, fascist, architectural, styles, gained, popularity, late, 1920s, with, rise, modernism, along, with, ultranat. Fascist architecture encompasses various stylistic trends in architecture developed by architects of fascist states primarily in the early 20th century Fascist architectural styles gained popularity in the late 1920s with the rise of modernism along with the ultranationalism associated with fascist governments in western Europe Fascist styles often resemble that of ancient Rome but can extend to modern aesthetics as well Fascist era buildings are frequently constructed with particular concern given to symmetry and simplicity Both Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler utilised new styles of architecture variations of Rationalism and Stripped Classicism respectively as one of many attempts to unify the citizens of their states mark a new era of nationalist culture and exhibit the absolute rule of the state 1 The New Reich Chancellery in Berlin Germany Stadio dei Marmi with Palace of the Italian Olympic Committee in the background Rome The CSIC honouring Franco s victory in the Spanish Civil War in Madrid Spain Contents 1 History 2 Italian and German fascism 3 Style 4 Architects 5 Structures 6 See also 7 ReferencesHistory EditThe fascist styles of architecture reflect the values of Fascism as a political ideology that developed in the early 20th century after World War I The philosophy is defined by a strong nationalist people governed by a totalitarian government The vision of a strong unified and economically stable nation seemed appealing to western Europe after the physical and economic destruction after World War I which contributed to the rise of fascism and corporatism Italian and German fascism EditFascist architecture in the form of Rationalism became popular under Benito Mussolini s rule of Italy from 1922 to 1943 Within this period he transformed the Italian executive role from that of a prime minister to a dictatorship A few years after his taking of office he was referred to as Il Duce the leader When Mussolini took office he took on the role of bringing about fascism and idealism to replace democracy in Italy He utilized all forms of media along with architectural identity The new modernist style of architecture was one way to help build his vision of a unified fascist Italy When Mussolini called for a fascist style of architecture architects used the style to imitate that of imperial Rome and to bring historical pride and a sense of nationalism to the Italian people Fascist architecture was one of many ways for Mussolini to invigorate a cultural rebirth in Italy and to mark a new era of Italian culture under fascism 2 3 4 5 Similarly once Hitler came to power in 1933 and transformed the German Chancellery to a dictatorship he used fascist architecture in the form of Stripped Classicism as one of many tools to help unify and nationalize Germany under his rule Hitler had plans to rebuild Berlin after the axis powers won World War II under the name Germania or Welthauptstadt Germania Hitler had his favorite architect Albert Speer design this new metropolis using fascist architecture design 6 Style EditFascist styles of architecture are a branch of modernist architecture which became popular in the early 20th century The Italian Fascist style was also greatly influenced by the rationalist movement in Italy in the 1920s Rationalist architecture with the help of Italian government support celebrated the new fascist age of culture and government in Italy 7 In Nazi Germany the extremely large and spacious Fascist architecture was one way envisioned by Hitler to unify Germany for what he described as mass experiences in which thousands of citizens could gather and take part in the patriotism of community events and listen to speeches made by Hitler and other Nazi party leaders The fascist styles of architecture took design cues from Ancient Rome in that buildings of the styles were generally very large and symmetric with sharp non rounded edges The buildings purposefully conveyed a sense of awe and intimidation through their size and were made of limestone and other durable stones in order to last the entirety of the fascist era and create impressive ruins The buildings were also very plain with little or no decoration and lacked much complexity in design These generalities of fascist architecture contributed to the simple aesthetics the edifices display All these aspects helped the fascist dictatorships exhibit absolute and total rule of the population Hitler and Mussolini used fascist architecture as another source of propaganda to display to the world the strength pride and power their regimes had 8 Architects EditThe most prominent Italian and German fascist architects of the era were Giuseppe Terragni Notable work of Terragni includes the Casa del Fascio Marcello Piacentini Notable work of Piacentini includes the fascist district EUR Rome Albert Speer Speer was Hitler s favorite German architect He designed the Deutsches Stadion and had plans of rebuilding Berlin using fascist style architecture around a massive hall called the Volkshalle 9 Casa della Parola House of the Word Arnaldo dell Ira 1940 Structures EditA few of the notable fascist architecture projects of the 20th century include EUR Rome Esposizione Universale Roma Construction of the EUR began in 1936 in anticipation for Mussolini s World Fair in 1942 to mark the 20th anniversary of the Italian fascist era Palazzo della Civilta Italiana A famous edifice of the EUR Palazzo delle Poste Palermo Palazzo di Giustizia Milan Nazi party rally grounds Deutsches Stadion the component of the Nazi party grounds Albert Speer designed and Hitler envisioned would host all the future Olympic games during the Third Reich 10 See also Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Fascist architecture Nazi architecture Monumentalism Novecento ItalianoReferences Edit The Fascinating World of Fascist Architecture Retrieved 2012 02 04 Fascist Architecture in Italy Retrieved 2012 02 04 Mathews Jeff The Architecture of Fascism in Naples Archived from the original on 2011 09 17 Retrieved 2012 02 04 Payne Stanley Italian Fascism Archived from the original on 2012 04 01 Retrieved 2012 02 12 Mathews Jeff The Architecture of Fascism in Naples Archived from the original on 2011 09 17 Retrieved 2012 02 12 Welthauptstadt Germania Archived from the original on 2016 09 03 Retrieved 2012 02 12 Ghirardo Diane May 1980 Italian Architects and Fascist Politics An Evaluation of the Rationalist s Role in Regime Building Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 39 2 109 127 doi 10 2307 989580 JSTOR 989580 Order from Stone Nazi Architecture Archived from the original on 2014 07 24 Retrieved 2012 02 04 Fulvio Irace Piacentini Retrieved 2012 02 13 Piperno Roberto A XXth century New Rome Retrieved 2012 02 04 Fascismo Architettura Arte Arte fascista web site Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Fascist architecture amp oldid 1086986766, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
