"Fasci" redirects here. For the haircut sometimes labeled "fasci", see Undercut (hairstyle).
Fascio (Italian:[ˈfaʃʃo]; pl.: fasci) is an Italian word literally meaning "a bundle" or "a sheaf",[1] and figuratively "league", and which was used in the late 19th century to refer to political groups of many different (and sometimes opposing) orientations. A number of nationalistfasci later evolved into the 20th century Fasci movement, which became known as fascism.
During the 19th century the bundle of rods, in Latin called fascis and in Italianfascio, came to symbolise strength through unity, the point being that whilst each independent rod was fragile, as a bundle they were strong. By extension, the word fascio came into modern Italian political usage to mean group, union, band or league. It was first used in this sense in the 1870s by groups of revolutionarydemocrats in Sicily, to describe themselves. The most famous of these groups was the Fasci Siciliani during 1891–94.[2] Thereafter, the word retained revolutionary connotations. It was these connotations which made it attractive, for example, to young nationalists who demanded Italian intervention in World War I. The fasci they formed were scattered over Italy, and it was to one of these spontaneously created groups, devoid of party affiliations, Benito Mussolini belonged.[3]
This caused a deep split within the Unione Sindacale Italiana (USI). The majority opted for neutrality. The Parma Labor Chamber, the USM, and other radical syndicalists left the USI and on 1 October 1914 founded the Fasci d'Azione rivoluzionaria internazionalista. On October 5 Angelo Oliviero Olivetti published their manifesto in the first issue of a new series of Pagine libere. Benito Mussolini shortly thereafter joined this group and took leadership.[4]
Mussolini's splitedit
On 11 December 1914 Mussolini started a political group, Fasci d'azione rivoluzionaria, which was a fusion of two other movements: the above group, Fasci d'azione rivoluzionaria internazionalista and a previous group he started called the Fasci autonomi d'azione rivoluzionaria.[5]
This new group was also referred to as the Milanfascio, of which Mussolini was the leader. 24 January 1915 was the turning point in the history of the fasci as their leaders met in Milan and formed a national organization.[3]
After World War Iedit
In 1919, after the war had ended, Mussolini reconstituted the Milanfascio, using the new name Fasci italiani di combattimento ("Italian league of combatants"). Other fasci of the same name were created, with the common goal of opposing all those– including the king and state– whose specific leanings were deemed to be depriving Italy of the fruits of victory in the war. According to H. W. Schneider, the new Milan fascio was formed of roughly the same people who had been members of the older fascio in 1915, but with a new name and a new objective.[6]
^A History of Fascism 1914-1945, Stanley G. Payne, University of Wisconsin Press, 1995. p. 81
^ abBy permission of author, Fascism, Noël O'Sullivan, J. M. Dent & Sons, London, 1983. pg 207.
^The Birth of Fascist Ideology, From Cultural Rebellion to Political Revolution, Zeev Sternhell with Mario Sznajder and Maia Asheri, trans. by David Maisel, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ. 1994. pp 140, 214.
^The Birth of Fascist Ideology, Zeev Sternhell, pg 303.
^H. W. Schneider, Making the Fascist State, NY, 1928, pg 56, cited in Fascism, Noël O'Sullivan, J. M. Dent & Sons, London, 1983. pg 207.
April 28, 2024
fascio, fasci, redirects, here, haircut, sometimes, labeled, fasci, undercut, hairstyle, italian, ˈfaʃʃo, fasci, italian, word, literally, meaning, bundle, sheaf, figuratively, league, which, used, late, 19th, century, refer, political, groups, many, different. Fasci redirects here For the haircut sometimes labeled fasci see Undercut hairstyle Fascio Italian ˈfaʃʃo pl fasci is an Italian word literally meaning a bundle or a sheaf 1 and figuratively league and which was used in the late 19th century to refer to political groups of many different and sometimes opposing orientations A number of nationalist fasci later evolved into the 20th century Fasci movement which became known as fascism Contents 1 Origin 2 History 2 1 World War I 2 1 1 Mussolini s split 2 2 After World War I 2 3 After World War II 2 4 Other Italian Fasci 3 ReferencesOrigin editDuring the 19th century the bundle of rods in Latin called fascis and in Italian fascio came to symbolise strength through unity the point being that whilst each independent rod was fragile as a bundle they were strong By extension the word fascio came into modern Italian political usage to mean group union band or league It was first used in this sense in the 1870s by groups of revolutionary democrats in Sicily to describe themselves The most famous of these groups was the Fasci Siciliani during 1891 94 2 Thereafter the word retained revolutionary connotations It was these connotations which made it attractive for example to young nationalists who demanded Italian intervention in World War I The fasci they formed were scattered over Italy and it was to one of these spontaneously created groups devoid of party affiliations Benito Mussolini belonged 3 History editWorld War I edit On 18 August 1914 Italian syndicalist Alceste de Ambris speaking from the rostrum of the Milanese Syndical Union USM began a ferocious attack against neutrality in World War I and urged intervention against German reaction and the necessity of aiding France and the United Kingdom He equated the war with the French Revolution This caused a deep split within the Unione Sindacale Italiana USI The majority opted for neutrality The Parma Labor Chamber the USM and other radical syndicalists left the USI and on 1 October 1914 founded the Fasci d Azione rivoluzionaria internazionalista On October 5 Angelo Oliviero Olivetti published their manifesto in the first issue of a new series of Pagine libere Benito Mussolini shortly thereafter joined this group and took leadership 4 Mussolini s split edit On 11 December 1914 Mussolini started a political group Fasci d azione rivoluzionaria which was a fusion of two other movements the above group Fasci d azione rivoluzionaria internazionalista and a previous group he started called the Fasci autonomi d azione rivoluzionaria 5 This new group was also referred to as the Milan fascio of which Mussolini was the leader 24 January 1915 was the turning point in the history of the fasci as their leaders met in Milan and formed a national organization 3 After World War I edit In 1919 after the war had ended Mussolini reconstituted the Milan fascio using the new name Fasci italiani di combattimento Italian league of combatants Other fasci of the same name were created with the common goal of opposing all those including the king and state whose specific leanings were deemed to be depriving Italy of the fruits of victory in the war According to H W Schneider the new Milan fascio was formed of roughly the same people who had been members of the older fascio in 1915 but with a new name and a new objective 6 On 7 November 1921 the Partito Nazionale Fascista PNF National Fascist Party came into existence After World War II edit In Italy after World War II the term fascio is used as a pejorative for neo fascista Other Italian Fasci edit Fasci of the Veneto led by Dino Grandi and Pietro MarsichReferences edit Google Translate Retrieved 19 August 2010 better source needed A History of Fascism 1914 1945 Stanley G Payne University of Wisconsin Press 1995 p 81 a b By permission of author Fascism Noel O Sullivan J M Dent amp Sons London 1983 pg 207 The Birth of Fascist Ideology From Cultural Rebellion to Political Revolution Zeev Sternhell with Mario Sznajder and Maia Asheri trans by David Maisel Princeton University Press Princeton NJ 1994 pp 140 214 The Birth of Fascist Ideology Zeev Sternhell pg 303 H W Schneider Making the Fascist State NY 1928 pg 56 cited in Fascism Noel O Sullivan J M Dent amp Sons London 1983 pg 207 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Fascio amp oldid 1197691469, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
