A fan vault is a form of vault used in the Gothic style, in which the ribs are all of the same curve and spaced equidistantly, in a manner resembling a fan. The initiation and propagation of this design element is strongly associated with England.
Fan vaulting over the nave at Bath Abbey, England: made from local Bath stone, this is a Victorian restoration (in the 1860s) of the original roof of 1608
The fan vault is peculiar to England. The lierne vault of the cathedral of Barbastro in northern Spain closely resembles a fan vault, but it does not form a perfect conoid. John Harvey (1978) suggests Catherine of Aragon as a possible source of English influence in Aragon.[3]
The fan vault is attributed to development in Gloucester between 1351 and 1377,[3] with the earliest known surviving example being the east cloister walk of Gloucester Cathedral.[4]Harvey (1978) hypothesises that the east cloister at Gloucester was finished under Thomas de Cantebrugge from the hamlet of Cambridge, Gloucestershire, who left in 1364 to work on the chapter house at Hereford Cathedral (also thought to have been fan vaulted on the basis of a drawing by William Stukeley).[5] The other three parts of the cloister at Gloucester were begun in 1381, possibly under Robert Lesyngham.
Other examples of early fan vaults exist around Gloucester, implying the activity of several 14th century master masons in that region.[citation needed]
Structureedit
The ribs of a fan vault are of equal curvature and rotated at equal distances around a central (vertical) axis, forming the conoid shape which gives rise to the name. In between sequences of conoids, flat central spandrels fill the space. According to Leedy (1980), the fan vault was developed in England (as opposed to France and other centres of Gothic architecture) due to the manner in which English rib vaults were normally constructed.[6] In an English rib vault, the courses are laid perpendicular to the rib while in France they are laid perpendicular to the wall.
Buildings with fan vaultingedit
Medieval and Early Modernedit
Gloucester Cathedral, cloisters, earliest fan vaulting begun 1373 by Abbot Horton
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A fan vault is a form of vault used in the Gothic style in which the ribs are all of the same curve and spaced equidistantly in a manner resembling a fan The initiation and propagation of this design element is strongly associated with England Fan vaulting over the nave at Bath Abbey England made from local Bath stone this is a Victorian restoration in the 1860s of the original roof of 1608The earliest example dating from about the year 1351 1 may be seen in the cloisters of Gloucester Cathedral 2 The largest fan vault in the world can be found in King s College Chapel Cambridge The fan vault is peculiar to England The lierne vault of the cathedral of Barbastro in northern Spain closely resembles a fan vault but it does not form a perfect conoid John Harvey 1978 suggests Catherine of Aragon as a possible source of English influence in Aragon 3 Contents 1 Birth of the fan vault 2 Structure 3 Buildings with fan vaulting 3 1 Medieval and Early Modern 3 2 Gothic Revival 4 See also 5 ReferencesBirth of the fan vault editThe fan vault is attributed to development in Gloucester between 1351 and 1377 3 with the earliest known surviving example being the east cloister walk of Gloucester Cathedral 4 Harvey 1978 hypothesises that the east cloister at Gloucester was finished under Thomas de Cantebrugge from the hamlet of Cambridge Gloucestershire who left in 1364 to work on the chapter house at Hereford Cathedral also thought to have been fan vaulted on the basis of a drawing by William Stukeley 5 The other three parts of the cloister at Gloucester were begun in 1381 possibly under Robert Lesyngham Other examples of early fan vaults exist around Gloucester implying the activity of several 14th century master masons in that region citation needed Structure editThe ribs of a fan vault are of equal curvature and rotated at equal distances around a central vertical axis forming the conoid shape which gives rise to the name In between sequences of conoids flat central spandrels fill the space According to Leedy 1980 the fan vault was developed in England as opposed to France and other centres of Gothic architecture due to the manner in which English rib vaults were normally constructed 6 In an English rib vault the courses are laid perpendicular to the rib while in France they are laid perpendicular to the wall Buildings with fan vaulting editMedieval and Early Modern edit Gloucester Cathedral cloisters earliest fan vaulting begun 1373 by Abbot Horton King s College Chapel Cambridge the world s largest fan vault 1512 1515 Bath Abbey Somerset nave and chancel 1860s restoration originally by William Vertue Brasenose College Oxford Chapel ceiling a spectacular example of plaster pendant fan vaulting Canterbury Cathedral crossing tower by John Wastell Henry VI s chantry chapel Christ Church Oxford staircase to the great hall Church of St Andrew Mells Somerset porch 6 Church of St John the Baptist Axbridge Somerset crossing 6 Church of St Peter and St Paul Muchelney Somerset under the tower 6 Church of St John the Baptist Cirencester Gloucestershire porch and north chapel Collegiate Church of St Mary Warwick Dean s Chapel Convocation House Oxford Corpus Christi College Cambridge main gateway Ely Cathedral Bishop Alcock s chantry chapel Eton College Chapel the vault dates from 1958 Hampton Court Palace Great Gate and oriel window in the Great Hall Henry VII s Lady Chapel Westminster Abbey London 1503 1509 7 with pendants by William Vertue Lincoln s Inn Chapel undercroft 8 Manchester Cathedral under the tower Milton Abbey Dorset crossing by William Smyth 3 Peterborough Cathedral Cambridgeshire retrochoir Red Mount Chapel King s Lynn Sherborne Abbey Dorset quire c 1430 nave c 1490 by William Smyth 3 St Andrew s Church Cullompton Devon south aisle St Bartholomew s Church Tong Shropshire chantry chapel 6 St David s Cathedral Wales Trinity Chapel St Mary Aldermary London by Christopher Wren St Mary s Church North Leigh Oxfordshire Wilcote chantry chapel 6 St Mary s Church Ottery St Mary Devon aisle St Stephen s cloister at the Palace of Westminster 1529 9 St George s Chapel Windsor crossing Urswick chantry chapel Tewkesbury Abbey cloister only one bay remains University College Oxford gatehouse vaults University Church of St Mary the Virgin Oxford porch Wells Cathedral crossing by William Smyth 3 Winchester Cathedral Beaufort and Waynflete chantry chapels St Mary s Church Putney Bishop West chapel nbsp Bath Abbey nbsp King s College Chapel Cambridge nbsp Canterbury Cathedral nbsp Church of St John the Baptist Cirencester nbsp St Andrew s Church Cullompton nbsp Gloucester Cathedral nbsp Milton Abbey nbsp Oxford Cathedral nbsp Christ Church Oxford nbsp Peterborough Cathedral nbsp Sherborne Abbey nbsp Collegiate Church of St Mary Warwick nbsp Henry VII Chapel Westminster Abbey nbsp Winchester Cathedral Gothic Revival edit Centre Block Parliament of Canada Ottawa Eastnor Castle drawing room Grand Theatre Leeds Harkness Tower Yale University New Haven Connecticut US 10 House of Lords lobbies committee staircase in the Palace of Westminster John Rylands Library baconcy Manchester Middlesex Guildhall Westminster Palau de la Musica Catalana Barcelona Basilica Minore de San Sebastian Manila Philippines St John s Edinburgh St Mary s Church Wellingborough Northamptonshire Saint Patrick s Church New Orleans Louisiana US apsidal fan vault Strawberry Hill Twickenham London Unitarian Church in Charleston South Carolina US Washington National Cathedral Washington DC US Children s Chapel Wills Memorial Building University of Bristol Cathedral Basilica of Christ the King Hamilton Ontario nbsp Church of St John the Evangelist Edinburgh nbsp Grand Theatre Leeds nbsp Confederation Hall Canadian Parliament Buildings Ottawa nbsp Strawberry Hill House TwickenhamSee also edit nbsp Architecture portal nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Fan vaults List of architectural vaults Gothic architecture Gothic cathedrals and churchesReferences edit Britannia Architecture of Gloucester Cathedral Archived from the original on 30 November 2018 Retrieved 17 November 2006 Pevsner Architectural Guides fan vault design Archived from the original on 27 September 2007 Retrieved 17 November 2006 a b c d e Harvey John 1978 The Perpendicular Style London Batsford David Verey Gloucestershire Yale University Press New Haven Connecticut USA 1976 Aylmer Gerald 2000 Hereford Cathedral A History The Hambledon Press p 62 ISBN 9780826436283 a b c d e f Leedy Walter 1980 Fan Vaulting A Study of Form Technology and Meaning Arts Architecture Art and Architecture fan vault example from Henry VII Lady Chapel Teller Matthew 2004 The Rough Guide to Britain Rough Guides p 114 ISBN 978 1 84353 301 6 Retrieved 7 August 2014 Westminster Palace Archived 2011 07 10 at the Wayback Machine English Heritage images Harkness Tower Memorial Hall Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Fan vault amp oldid 1193028456, 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