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Famatinian orogeny

January 01, 1970

The Famatinian orogeny (Spanish: Orogenia de Famatina) is an orogeny that predates the rise of the Andes and that took place in what is now western South America[note 1] during the Paleozoic, leading to the formation of the Famatinian orogen also known as the Famatinian belt. The Famatinian orogeny lasted from the Late Cambrian to at least the Late Devonian and possibly the Early Carboniferous, with orogenic activity peaking about 490 to 460 million years ago.[1] The orogeny involved metamorphism and deformation in the crust and the eruption and intrusion of magma along a Famatinian magmatic arc that formed a chain of volcanoes.[2] The igneous rocks of the Famatinian magmatic arc are of calc-alkaline character and include gabbros, tonalites, granodiorites and trondhjemites.[1][3] The youngest igneous rocks of the arc are granites.[1]

Paleogeographic reconstruction of Gondwana and Laurentia about 70 million years before the Famatinian orogeny. The Famatinian orogeny took place near the right border of the area marked as "Río Plata". Terranes and microcontinents such as Cuyania, Pampia and Chilenia are omitted.

Part of the pegmatite dykes of the Pampean Pegmatite Province formed during the orogeny.[4] These dykes are thought to be derived from S-type granitic melts.[4]

The relationship of the orogeny with the Achala and Cerro Aspero batholiths of central Argentina is not fully understood. These Devonian batholiths are possibly of post-orogenic character.[5][6]

Outcrops and sediments edit

The Famatinian orogen's main outcrops lie in Sierras Pampeanas in northwestern Argentina.[1][7] Only the western part of Sierras Pampeanas bears evidence of the Famatinian orogeny; the eastern parts appear to have been largely unaffected.[1] In northern Chile the Belén Metamorphic Complex is thought to have been subject to metamorphism that was "time-equivalent" to the Famatinian orogeny in the early Paleozoic.[7] It can this be considered part of the orogen in a broad sense.[7] To the south in La Pampa Province, outcrops associated with the orogeny are scarce since most of that region has become blanketed by much more recent Quaternary sediments.[8]

In Peru's Cordillera Oriental a "Famatinian" orogeny exists which is coeval with the classical Famatinian orogeny found further south. In the time-span from 480 Ma to 435 Ma (Late Cambrian to Silurian) rocks of Cordillera Oriental were deformed and a magmatic arc developed.[9]

Towards what is now the east of the Famatinian magmatic arc a Precambrian sedimentary basin developed into a back-arc basin during the Ordovician. This basin went from Peru, through Bolivia to northwestern Argentina. The basin collected sediments from the Famatinian orogen and arc and while it did not contain oceanic crust it was a marine basin.[10]

Plutonic rocks cropping out in Cordón de Lila and Sierra de Almeida south of Salar de Atacama in Chile formed in the Cambrian and Ordovician in association with the orogeny.[11] The compositions of the plutonic rocks are granodiorite and monzogranite that are either metaluminous or peraluminous.[11] These rocks are remnants of the magmatism along the western rim of the Famatinian orogeny.[11]

Plate tectonic setting edit

Famatinian arc magmatism was caused by the subduction of Iapetus Ocean lithosphere beneath Gondwana.[8] As subduction went on, the peak of the orogeny resulted from the collision of the Cuyania terrane with Pampia in the Ordovician.[12]

It has been suggested that the coeval Appalachian Taconic orogeny is the "northward" continuation of the Famatinian orogeny.[note 2] This has been explained by adding that the continent Laurentia could have collided with Gondwana (at what is today western South America) in early Paleozoic times due to the closure of the Iapetus Ocean.[13] Supporting this hypothesis is the suggestion that the orogens have "truncated ends" that can be matched and that both share the commonality of having carbonate platform sediments at what is today their western side.[13][14] Further, in the mentioned sediments both orogens host similar Olenellid trilobite faunas, something that is not expected to be unless both orogens had some sort of contact.[13] This is because trilobites are unable to cross deep ocean basins.[15] According to this view the Cuyania terrane would be an allochthonous block of Laurentian origin that was left in Gondwana after the continents went apart. But such views are not unchallenged since Cuyania is alternatively suggested to have drifted across Iapetus Ocean as a microcontinent starting in Laurentia and accreting then to Gondwana. Further a third model claims Cuyania is para-autochthonous and arrived at its current place by strike-slip fault movements starting not from Laurentia but from another region of Gondwana.[12] The fact that Precordillera terrane has many trilobite genera in common with Laurentia but many species are endemic have led to some differing interpretations on what paleogeographic and tectonic history conditions are plausible explanations for this biogeography.[15]

Notes edit

  1. ^ All coordinates in this article are in relation to present-day geography and not to the past disposition of continents, terranes and oceans.
  2. ^ In other words: what is at present the northern end of the Famatinian orogen would have been connected with what is currently the southern end of the Taconic orogen.

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d e Alvarado, Patricia; Castro de Machuca, Brígida; Beck, Susan (2005). "Comparative seismic and petrographic crustal study between the Western and Eastern Sierras Pampeanas region (31ºS)" (PDF). Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina. 60 (4): 787–796.
  2. ^ González, Pablo Diego; Sato, Ana María; Basei, Miguel A.S.; Vlach, Silvio R.F.; Llambías, Jorge (2002). Structure, metamorphism and age of the Pampean-Famatinian orogenies in the western Sierra de San Luis (PDF). Actas XV Congreso Geológico Argentino. Retrieved 18 September 2015.
  3. ^ Geuna, Silvana E.; Escostegoy, Leonardo D.; Díaz Appella, Belena; Pinotti, Lucio; D'Eramo, Fernando; Hollanda, Maria Helena B.M. (2021). "The geodynamic evolution of the Famatinian orogen from the paleomagnetic record of El Hongo trondhjemite (Early Paleozoic, Sierras Pampeanas de Córdoba, Argentina)". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 106: 103059. Bibcode:2021JSAES.10603059G. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2020.103059. S2CID 229455476.
  4. ^ a b Galliski, Miguel Ángel; Márquez-Zavalía, María Florencia; Roda-Robles, Encarnación; von Quadt, Albrecht (2022). "The Li-Bearing Pegmatites from the Pampean Pegmatite Province, Argentina: Metallogenesis and Resources". Minerals. 12 (7). MDPI: 841. Bibcode:2022Mine...12..841G. doi:10.3390/min12070841. hdl:10810/57221.
  5. ^ Lira, Raúl; Kirschbaum, Alicia M. (1990). "Geochemical evolution of granites". In Mahlburg Kay, Suzanne; Rapela, Carlos W. (eds.). Plutonism from Antarctica to Alaska. Geological Society of America Special Paper. Vol. 241. pp. 67–76.
  6. ^ Pinotti, L.P.; Coniglio, J.E.; Esparza, A.M.; D'Eramo, F.J.; Llambías, E.J. (2002). "Nearly circular plutons emplaced by stoping at shallow crustal levels, Cerro Aspero batholith, Sierras Pampeanas de Córdoba, Argentina". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 15 (2): 251–265. Bibcode:2002JSAES..15..251P. doi:10.1016/S0895-9811(02)00033-0.
  7. ^ a b c Hervé, Francisco; Faundez, Victor; Calderón, Mauricio; Massonne, Hans-Joachim; Willner, Arne P. (2006). "2. Metamorphic and plutonic basement complexes". In Moreno, Teresa; Gibbons, Wes (eds.). Geology of Chile. Geological Society of London. pp. 5–19. ISBN 9781862392199.
  8. ^ a b Chernicoff, Carlos J.; Zappettini, Eduardo O.; Santos, João O.S.; Allchurch, Shelley; McNaughton, Neal J. (2010). "The southern segment of the Famatinian magmatic arc, La Pampa Province, Argentina". Gondwana Research. 17 (4): 662–675. Bibcode:2010GondR..17..662C. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2009.10.008.
  9. ^ Chew, David M.; Pedemonte, Giovanni; Corbett, Eoghan (2016). "Proto-Andean evolution of the Eastern Cordillera of Peru". Gondwana Research. 35: 59–78. Bibcode:2016GondR..35...59C. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2016.03.016.
  10. ^ Bahlburg, Heinrich; Vervoort, Jeffrey D.; DeFrane, S. Andrew; Carlotto, Victor; Reimann, Cornelia; Cárdenas, José (2011). "The U-Pb and Hf isotope evidence of detrital zircons of the Ordovician Ollantaytambo Formation, southern Peru, and the Ordovician provenance and paleogeography of southern Peru and northern Bolivia". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 32 (3): 196–209. Bibcode:2011JSAES..32..196B. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2011.07.002.
  11. ^ a b c Niemeyer Rubilar, Hans (2020). "Geoquímica de las rocas plutónicas del batolito cambro-ordovícico del Cordón de Lila y de la Sierra de Almeida, Región de Antofagasta, Chile". Andean Geology (in Spanish). 47 (3): 628–640. doi:10.5027/andgeoV47n3-3305.
  12. ^ a b Vujovich, Graciela I.; van Staal, Cees R.; Davis, William (2004). (PDF). Gondwana Research. 7 (4). Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires: 1041–1056. Bibcode:2004GondR...7.1041V. doi:10.1016/s1342-937x(05)71083-2. ISSN 1342-937X. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 September 2015. Retrieved 18 September 2015.
  13. ^ a b c Dalla Salda, Luis H.; Dalziel, Ian W.D.; Cingolani, Carlos A.; Varela, Ricardo (1992). "Did the Taconic Appalachians continue into southern South America?". Geology. 20 (12): 1059–1062. Bibcode:1992Geo....20.1059D. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020<1059:DTTACI>2.3.CO;2. Retrieved 18 September 2015.
  14. ^ Dalla Salda, Luis H.; López de Luchi, Mónica.; Cingolani, Carlos A.; Varela, Ricardo (1998). "Laurentia-Gondwana collision: the origin of the Famatinian-Appalachian Orogenic Belt (a review)". In Pankhurst, R.J.; Rapela, C.W. (eds.). The Proto-Andean Margin of Gondwana. Vol. 142. Geological Society, London, Special Publications. pp. 219–234.
  15. ^ a b Bordonaro, Osvaldo (2016). "Trilobites laurénticos de la Formación La Laja (Cámbrico), Precordillera de San Juan, Argentina: un aporte biogeográfico al modelo alóctono de Precordillera". Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina (in Spanish). 73 (4).

External links edit

  • Animation of world plate tectonics, note Cuyania's (red) trajectory from 0:20 onwards.

January 01, 1970
famatinian, orogeny, spanish, orogenia, famatina, orogeny, that, predates, rise, andes, that, took, place, what, western, south, america, note, during, paleozoic, leading, formation, famatinian, orogen, also, known, famatinian, belt, lasted, from, late, cambri. The Famatinian orogeny Spanish Orogenia de Famatina is an orogeny that predates the rise of the Andes and that took place in what is now western South America note 1 during the Paleozoic leading to the formation of the Famatinian orogen also known as the Famatinian belt The Famatinian orogeny lasted from the Late Cambrian to at least the Late Devonian and possibly the Early Carboniferous with orogenic activity peaking about 490 to 460 million years ago 1 The orogeny involved metamorphism and deformation in the crust and the eruption and intrusion of magma along a Famatinian magmatic arc that formed a chain of volcanoes 2 The igneous rocks of the Famatinian magmatic arc are of calc alkaline character and include gabbros tonalites granodiorites and trondhjemites 1 3 The youngest igneous rocks of the arc are granites 1 Paleogeographic reconstruction of Gondwana and Laurentia about 70 million years before the Famatinian orogeny The Famatinian orogeny took place near the right border of the area marked as Rio Plata Terranes and microcontinents such as Cuyania Pampia and Chilenia are omitted Part of the pegmatite dykes of the Pampean Pegmatite Province formed during the orogeny 4 These dykes are thought to be derived from S type granitic melts 4 The relationship of the orogeny with the Achala and Cerro Aspero batholiths of central Argentina is not fully understood These Devonian batholiths are possibly of post orogenic character 5 6 Contents 1 Outcrops and sediments 2 Plate tectonic setting 3 Notes 4 References 5 External linksOutcrops and sediments editThe Famatinian orogen s main outcrops lie in Sierras Pampeanas in northwestern Argentina 1 7 Only the western part of Sierras Pampeanas bears evidence of the Famatinian orogeny the eastern parts appear to have been largely unaffected 1 In northern Chile the Belen Metamorphic Complex is thought to have been subject to metamorphism that was time equivalent to the Famatinian orogeny in the early Paleozoic 7 It can this be considered part of the orogen in a broad sense 7 To the south in La Pampa Province outcrops associated with the orogeny are scarce since most of that region has become blanketed by much more recent Quaternary sediments 8 In Peru s Cordillera Oriental a Famatinian orogeny exists which is coeval with the classical Famatinian orogeny found further south In the time span from 480 Ma to 435 Ma Late Cambrian to Silurian rocks of Cordillera Oriental were deformed and a magmatic arc developed 9 Towards what is now the east of the Famatinian magmatic arc a Precambrian sedimentary basin developed into a back arc basin during the Ordovician This basin went from Peru through Bolivia to northwestern Argentina The basin collected sediments from the Famatinian orogen and arc and while it did not contain oceanic crust it was a marine basin 10 Plutonic rocks cropping out in Cordon de Lila and Sierra de Almeida south of Salar de Atacama in Chile formed in the Cambrian and Ordovician in association with the orogeny 11 The compositions of the plutonic rocks are granodiorite and monzogranite that are either metaluminous or peraluminous 11 These rocks are remnants of the magmatism along the western rim of the Famatinian orogeny 11 Plate tectonic setting editFamatinian arc magmatism was caused by the subduction of Iapetus Ocean lithosphere beneath Gondwana 8 As subduction went on the peak of the orogeny resulted from the collision of the Cuyania terrane with Pampia in the Ordovician 12 It has been suggested that the coeval Appalachian Taconic orogeny is the northward continuation of the Famatinian orogeny note 2 This has been explained by adding that the continent Laurentia could have collided with Gondwana at what is today western South America in early Paleozoic times due to the closure of the Iapetus Ocean 13 Supporting this hypothesis is the suggestion that the orogens have truncated ends that can be matched and that both share the commonality of having carbonate platform sediments at what is today their western side 13 14 Further in the mentioned sediments both orogens host similar Olenellid trilobite faunas something that is not expected to be unless both orogens had some sort of contact 13 This is because trilobites are unable to cross deep ocean basins 15 According to this view the Cuyania terrane would be an allochthonous block of Laurentian origin that was left in Gondwana after the continents went apart But such views are not unchallenged since Cuyania is alternatively suggested to have drifted across Iapetus Ocean as a microcontinent starting in Laurentia and accreting then to Gondwana Further a third model claims Cuyania is para autochthonous and arrived at its current place by strike slip fault movements starting not from Laurentia but from another region of Gondwana 12 The fact that Precordillera terrane has many trilobite genera in common with Laurentia but many species are endemic have led to some differing interpretations on what paleogeographic and tectonic history conditions are plausible explanations for this biogeography 15 Notes edit All coordinates in this article are in relation to present day geography and not to the past disposition of continents terranes and oceans In other words what is at present the northern end of the Famatinian orogen would have been connected with what is currently the southern end of the Taconic orogen References edit a b c d e Alvarado Patricia Castro de Machuca Brigida Beck Susan 2005 Comparative seismic and petrographic crustal study between the Western and Eastern Sierras Pampeanas region 31ºS PDF Revista de la Asociacion Geologica Argentina 60 4 787 796 Gonzalez Pablo Diego Sato Ana Maria Basei Miguel A S Vlach Silvio R F Llambias Jorge 2002 Structure metamorphism and age of the Pampean Famatinian orogenies in the western Sierra de San Luis PDF Actas XV Congreso Geologico Argentino Retrieved 18 September 2015 Geuna Silvana E Escostegoy Leonardo D Diaz Appella Belena Pinotti Lucio D Eramo Fernando Hollanda Maria Helena B M 2021 The geodynamic evolution of the Famatinian orogen from the paleomagnetic record of El Hongo trondhjemite Early Paleozoic Sierras Pampeanas de Cordoba Argentina Journal of South American Earth Sciences 106 103059 Bibcode 2021JSAES 10603059G doi 10 1016 j jsames 2020 103059 S2CID 229455476 a b Galliski Miguel Angel Marquez Zavalia Maria Florencia Roda Robles Encarnacion von Quadt Albrecht 2022 The Li Bearing Pegmatites from the Pampean Pegmatite Province Argentina Metallogenesis and Resources Minerals 12 7 MDPI 841 Bibcode 2022Mine 12 841G doi 10 3390 min12070841 hdl 10810 57221 Lira Raul Kirschbaum Alicia M 1990 Geochemical evolution of granites In Mahlburg Kay Suzanne Rapela Carlos W eds Plutonism from Antarctica to Alaska Geological Society of America Special Paper Vol 241 pp 67 76 Pinotti L P Coniglio J E Esparza A M D Eramo F J Llambias E J 2002 Nearly circular plutons emplaced by stoping at shallow crustal levels Cerro Aspero batholith Sierras Pampeanas de Cordoba Argentina Journal of South American Earth Sciences 15 2 251 265 Bibcode 2002JSAES 15 251P doi 10 1016 S0895 9811 02 00033 0 a b c Herve Francisco Faundez Victor Calderon Mauricio Massonne Hans Joachim Willner Arne P 2006 2 Metamorphic and plutonic basement complexes In Moreno Teresa Gibbons Wes eds Geology of Chile Geological Society of London pp 5 19 ISBN 9781862392199 a b Chernicoff Carlos J Zappettini Eduardo O Santos Joao O S Allchurch Shelley McNaughton Neal J 2010 The southern segment of the Famatinian magmatic arc La Pampa Province Argentina Gondwana Research 17 4 662 675 Bibcode 2010GondR 17 662C doi 10 1016 j gr 2009 10 008 Chew David M Pedemonte Giovanni Corbett Eoghan 2016 Proto Andean evolution of the Eastern Cordillera of Peru Gondwana Research 35 59 78 Bibcode 2016GondR 35 59C doi 10 1016 j gr 2016 03 016 Bahlburg Heinrich Vervoort Jeffrey D DeFrane S Andrew Carlotto Victor Reimann Cornelia Cardenas Jose 2011 The U Pb and Hf isotope evidence of detrital zircons of the Ordovician Ollantaytambo Formation southern Peru and the Ordovician provenance and paleogeography of southern Peru and northern Bolivia Journal of South American Earth Sciences 32 3 196 209 Bibcode 2011JSAES 32 196B doi 10 1016 j jsames 2011 07 002 a b c Niemeyer Rubilar Hans 2020 Geoquimica de las rocas plutonicas del batolito cambro ordovicico del Cordon de Lila y de la Sierra de Almeida Region de Antofagasta Chile Andean Geology in Spanish 47 3 628 640 doi 10 5027 andgeoV47n3 3305 a b Vujovich Graciela I van Staal Cees R Davis William 2004 Age Constraints on the Tectonic Evolution and Provenance of the Pie de Palo Complex Cuyania Composite Terrane and the Famatinian Orogeny in the Sierra de Pie de Palo San Juan Argentina PDF Gondwana Research 7 4 Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Universidad de Buenos Aires 1041 1056 Bibcode 2004GondR 7 1041V doi 10 1016 s1342 937x 05 71083 2 ISSN 1342 937X Archived from the original PDF on 26 September 2015 Retrieved 18 September 2015 a b c Dalla Salda Luis H Dalziel Ian W D Cingolani Carlos A Varela Ricardo 1992 Did the Taconic Appalachians continue into southern South America Geology 20 12 1059 1062 Bibcode 1992Geo 20 1059D doi 10 1130 0091 7613 1992 020 lt 1059 DTTACI gt 2 3 CO 2 Retrieved 18 September 2015 Dalla Salda Luis H Lopez de Luchi Monica Cingolani Carlos A Varela Ricardo 1998 Laurentia Gondwana collision the origin of the Famatinian Appalachian Orogenic Belt a review In Pankhurst R J Rapela C W eds The Proto Andean Margin of Gondwana Vol 142 Geological Society London Special Publications pp 219 234 a b Bordonaro Osvaldo 2016 Trilobites laurenticos de la Formacion La Laja Cambrico Precordillera de San Juan Argentina un aporte biogeografico al modelo aloctono de Precordillera Revista de la Asociacion Geologica Argentina in Spanish 73 4 External links editAnimation of world plate tectonics note Cuyania s red trajectory from 0 20 onwards Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Famatinian orogeny amp oldid 1193904408, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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