The fabella is a small sesamoid bone found in some mammals embedded in the tendon of the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle behind the lateral condyle of the femur. It is an accessory bone, an anatomical variation present in 39% of humans.[1][2] Rarely, there are two or three of these bones (fabella bi- or tripartita). It can be mistaken for a loose body or osteophyte. The word fabella is a Latin diminutive of faba 'bean'.[3]
In humans, it is more common in men than women, older individuals compared to younger, and there is high regional variation, with fabellae being most common in people living in Asia and Oceania and least common in people living in North America and Africa. Bilateral cases (one per knee) are more common than unilateral ones (one per individual), and within individual cases, fabellae are equally likely to be present in right or left knees. Taken together, these data suggest the ability to form a fabella may be genetically controlled, but fabella ossification may be environmentally controlled.[4]
Although the fabella seems to have disappeared with the evolution of Hominidae, it reappeared in humans sometime after they diverged from chimpanzees. It is unknown whether it reappeared soon after this divergence, 5–7 million years ago, or more recently in human evolution.[5]
"The fabella can lead to posterolateral knee pain either due to cartilage softening (chondromalacia fabellae) or other osteoarthritic changes on its articular surface."[6]
^Berthaume, Michael A.; Di Federico, Erica; Bull, Anthony M. J. (April 17, 2019). "Fabella prevalence rate increases over 150 years, and rates of other sesamoid bones remain constant: a systematic review". Journal of Anatomy. Wiley. 235 (1): 67–79. doi:10.1111/joa.12994. PMC6579948. PMID 30994938.
^"Sore knee? Maybe you have a fabella". BBC News. April 19, 2019.
^Egerci, OF; Kose, O; Turan, A; Kilicaslan, OF; Sekerci, R; Keles-Celik, N (2017). "Prevalence and distribution of the fabella: a radiographic study in Turkish subjects". Folia Morphol (Warsz). 76 (3): 478–483. doi:10.5603/FM.a2016.0080.
^Berthaume, Michael A.; Bull, Anthony M. J. (October 17, 2019). "Human biological variation in sesamoid bone prevalence: the curious case of the fabella". Journal of Anatomy. Wiley. doi:10.1111/joa.13091. PMC6956444.
^Sarin, Vineet K.; Erickson, Gregory M.; Giori, Nicholas J.; Bergman, A. Gabrielle; Carter, Dennis R. (1999). "Coincident development of sesamoid bones and clues to their evolution". The Anatomical Record. Wiley. 257 (5): 174–180. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0185(19991015)257:5<174::AID-AR6>3.0.CO;2-O.
^Dannawi, Z.; Khanduja, V.; Vemulapalli, K.; Zammit, J.; El-Zebdeh, M. (January 20, 2010). "Arthroscopic Excision of the Fabella –". Journal of Knee Surgery. 20 (4): 299–301. doi:10.1055/s-0030-1248063. PMID 17993073.
Further reading
Duncan, W; Dahm, D (September 2003). "Clinical anatomy of the fabella". Clin Anat. 16: 448–9. doi:10.1002/ca.10137. PMID 12903068.
Werner, Platzer: Color Atlas of Human Anatomy, Vol. 1: Locomotor System (7th ed.), published by Thieme, 2015 (ISBN978-3-13-533306-9)
fabella, fabella, small, sesamoid, bone, found, some, mammals, embedded, tendon, lateral, head, gastrocnemius, muscle, behind, lateral, condyle, femur, accessory, bone, anatomical, variation, present, humans, rarely, there, three, these, bones, fabella, tripar. The fabella is a small sesamoid bone found in some mammals embedded in the tendon of the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle behind the lateral condyle of the femur It is an accessory bone an anatomical variation present in 39 of humans 1 2 Rarely there are two or three of these bones fabella bi or tripartita It can be mistaken for a loose body or osteophyte The word fabella is a Latin diminutive of faba bean 3 FabellaDetailsIdentifiersLatinOs fabellaTA21395FMA281591Anatomical terminology edit on Wikidata In humans it is more common in men than women older individuals compared to younger and there is high regional variation with fabellae being most common in people living in Asia and Oceania and least common in people living in North America and Africa Bilateral cases one per knee are more common than unilateral ones one per individual and within individual cases fabellae are equally likely to be present in right or left knees Taken together these data suggest the ability to form a fabella may be genetically controlled but fabella ossification may be environmentally controlled 4 Although the fabella seems to have disappeared with the evolution of Hominidae it reappeared in humans sometime after they diverged from chimpanzees It is unknown whether it reappeared soon after this divergence 5 7 million years ago or more recently in human evolution 5 The fabella can lead to posterolateral knee pain either due to cartilage softening chondromalacia fabellae or other osteoarthritic changes on its articular surface 6 Contents 1 See also 2 References 3 Further reading 4 External linksSee also EditFabella signReferences Edit Berthaume Michael A Di Federico Erica Bull Anthony M J April 17 2019 Fabella prevalence rate increases over 150 years and rates of other sesamoid bones remain constant a systematic review Journal of Anatomy Wiley 235 1 67 79 doi 10 1111 joa 12994 PMC 6579948 PMID 30994938 Sore knee Maybe you have a fabella BBC News April 19 2019 Egerci OF Kose O Turan A Kilicaslan OF Sekerci R Keles Celik N 2017 Prevalence and distribution of the fabella a radiographic study in Turkish subjects Folia Morphol Warsz 76 3 478 483 doi 10 5603 FM a2016 0080 Berthaume Michael A Bull Anthony M J October 17 2019 Human biological variation in sesamoid bone prevalence the curious case of the fabella Journal of Anatomy Wiley doi 10 1111 joa 13091 PMC 6956444 Sarin Vineet K Erickson Gregory M Giori Nicholas J Bergman A Gabrielle Carter Dennis R 1999 Coincident development of sesamoid bones and clues to their evolution The Anatomical Record Wiley 257 5 174 180 doi 10 1002 SICI 1097 0185 19991015 257 5 lt 174 AID AR6 gt 3 0 CO 2 O Dannawi Z Khanduja V Vemulapalli K Zammit J El Zebdeh M January 20 2010 Arthroscopic Excision of the Fabella Journal of Knee Surgery 20 4 299 301 doi 10 1055 s 0030 1248063 PMID 17993073 Further reading EditDuncan W Dahm D September 2003 Clinical anatomy of the fabella Clin Anat 16 448 9 doi 10 1002 ca 10137 PMID 12903068 Werner Platzer Color Atlas of Human Anatomy Vol 1 Locomotor System 7th ed published by Thieme 2015 ISBN 978 3 13 533306 9 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Fabella This human musculoskeletal system article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Fabella amp oldid 1170100319, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
