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Eye injuries during 2022 Iranian protests

January 01, 1970

Conservative estimates reported by ophthalmologists in November 2022 stated there had been 580 confirmed cases of significant eye injuries during the 2022 Woman, Life, Freedom protests triggered by the dead-in-custody of Mahsa "Jina" Amini.[1] The actual number of injuries is likely much higher.[1][2][3][4] The widespread nature of the eye injuries across the country and the number of cases reported demonstrates a systematic nature to these attacks.[5]

Use of kinetic-impact-projectiles edit

 
X-ray of an Iranian protestor who suffered eye damage after being shot in the face with a non-lethal stinger round in 2009

Kinetic-impact-projectiles (KIPs) also known as baton rounds, or rubber/plastic bullets are non-lethal projectiles used for crowd control purposes by riot police.[6][7][8] KIPs are marketed as non or less-lethal weapons used for the purposes of dispersing crowds without causing penetrating wounds.[6] However, when used inappropriately and fired indiscriminately, they have been known to cause injuries leading to life-long disability, or even death.[6][7][9] Examples of KIPs include rubber or plastic bullets, bean bag rounds, sponge rounds (rounds with a softer nose/tip to limit impact) or pellet rounds of birdshot or buckshot.[6][7] Abolfazl Adinezadeh, a 17 year old boy that had joined the Woman, Life, Freedom protests is one of many examples of protesters in Iran who have been killed as a result of close range discharge of KIPs.[9][10] Cases have also been reported in which protesters have either been killed, or lost an eye as a result of being hit directly by tear gas canisters.[7][11][12][13] Abolfazl Amirataie, a 16 year old boy who had joined protests on 22 September 2022 was shot directly in the head at close range with a tear gas canister, causing catastrophic damage to one side of his skull and brain.[14] After 8 months in a vegetative state, Amirataie succumbed to his injuries on 27 May 2023.[14]

Amnesty International conducted a review of the abuse of KIPs and found examples across 30 different countries of undue injury suffered by protesters at the hands of riot police.[7] Eye injuries in the Chilean protests were so widespread that at the time it was estimated by the Chilean Ophthalmology Society that it was the highest number of cases registered globally.

The AAO has called for the end of the use of KIPs against protesters, as have the Physicians for Human Rights as well as Amnesty International.[1][6][7]

2021 protest edit

The 2022 protests were not the first time eye injuries were reported inside of Iran. Doctors from Isfahan in the aftermath of protests in November of 2021 reported 40 admissions of eye injuries in one day of police crackdown against peaceful protesters.[15]

Crime against humanity edit

Article 7 of the Rome Statute under which the International Criminal Court is established defines crimes against humanity.[16] The definition includes:

"Other inhumane acts of a similar character intentionally causing great suffering, or serious injury to body or to mental or physical health." - Article 7 the Rome Statute, Part 2 (1)(k).[16]

"Attack directed against any civilian population" means a course of conduct involving the multiple commission of acts referred to in paragraph 1 against any civilian population, pursuant to or in furtherance of a State or organizational policy to commit such attack;" - Article 7 the Rome Statute, Part 2 (1)(a).[16]

Norway based non-government organisation Iran Human Rights (IHRNGO) confirmed 138 specific cases of eye injuries across different cities in Iran to highlight the systematic nature of the injuries against unarmed protesters.[5][17] First hand accounts of lasers on the faces of protesters prior to being shot further emphasise the purposeful intent of injury to the eyes.[18][19]

While those injured in Chile and the United States have had some (albeit limited and scattered) success in taking their cases to court, those in Iran have been unable to build cases without threat and retaliation.[20][21][22][23] Families of murdered protesters who have made attempts to seek justice via the court system inside of Iran have been repeatedly threatened or detained in retaliation for their efforts.[24][25] In July of 2023, sister of murdered protester Milad Saeedianjoo, Zahra Saeedianjoo was apprehended and detained for a second time in four months.[26][27] Earlier in the year Zahra has also been fired from her job in relation to her activities seeking justice for her brother.[28] It is therefore virtually impossible to pursue justice internally in Iran.[29]

The Islamic Republic judicial system applies Qisas, or retaliation/retribution law. Mehdi Mousavian arrested 31 December 2017 in relation to protests was accused and convicted of throwing stones which blinded a policeman in one eye.[30][31] The Judiciary sentenced Mousavian to Qisas, meaning his sentence would include the removal of his eye if he did not pay a fine of 14 billion toman (~$280,000 USD).[30][32] If this sentence is executed, it may set a precedent for the pursuit of legal action for those who have suffered eye injuries.[30]

Iran is not a State Party to the Rome Statute and this creates a legal challenge in the pursuit of justice for the people of Iran, however, human rights lawyers are actively pursuing mechanisms for justice.[33][34][35] On 24 November 2022 the United Nations Human Right Council adopted a resolution for the establishment of an independent international Fact-Finding-Mission on the Deteriorating situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran, especially with respect to women and children.[35]

Fatalities edit

As with the number of people who suffered eye injuries as a result of KIPs, the true number of those who succumbed to their injuries, or passed away since their injury may never been known. Reports have highlighted few cases where families have shared the stories of their loved ones.

Mohammad Hossein Erfan edit

Mohammad Hossein Erfan (Persian: محمد حسین عرفان), 24 years old at the time of injury had been shot in Karaj when attending November 2019 protests.[36] He had been shot in the face by a pellet gun, resulting in complete blindness in his left eye, and only 30 percent vision in his left.[36] Despite his injuries from 2019 and their continued impacts, witnesses state that Erfan attended the 2022 Woman, Life, Freedom protests and had even provided comfort and direction to those who had been injured on the streets at the time.

Erfan passed away unexpectedly late February, 2024 after being admitted to hospital reportedly with high blood sugar levels.[36] Erfan was 28 years old at the time of death.

Sepehr Azami edit

Sepehr Azami (Persian: سپهر اعظمی), was 23 years old at the time of injury. Azami was attending protests in Karaj on 3 November 2022 (40th day ceremony commemorating the death of young protester Hadis Najafi) when he was shot multiple times by pellet guns. More than 80 pellets were discovered inside of his body, causing catastrophic damage, including to one of his eyes. Azami was in a comatose state in hospital for 33 days before succumbing to his injuries in 6 December 2022.[37]

Mohammad Hassanzadeh edit

Mohammad Hassanzadeh (Persian: محمد حسنزاده), 28 at the time of injury, Hassanzadeh joined protests early on in his hometown of Bukan. On one occasion when he went to protest he was shot at with apaintball gun, he continued to go to the streets, the next time he was shot with a pellet gun and a pellet planted into his left eye causing major damage. Hassanzadeh was forced to travel to Tehran for treatment after being turned away from multiple hospitals in his hometown and in the city of Tabriz. After his return to Bukan, Hassanzadeh continued to attend protests, until on 16 November 2022 when he was fatally wounded.[38][39]

Seyed Javad Mousavi edit

Seyed Javad Mousavi (Persian: سید جواد موسوی), a father, was 39 years old when he was shot directly in the face, causing damage to both eyes.[40] On 17 November 2022 Mousavi had been attending a protest in Isfahan when he was injured. After being shot he was separated from his group and witnesses say he was taken by security agents. His lifeless body was later found with a makeshift bandage covering both hiseyes. He left behind a wife and two young children.[41]

Responses edit

Government response edit

In the height of the protests where majority of injuries took place, the Islamic Republic's response included deploying ambulances to transport injured protesters directly to detention facilities, refusing access to treatment, threatening and arresting medical staff for providing aid to injured protesters, and had posted guards at entrances of hospitals to note the names of anyone coming in with injuries sustained at protests.[42][43][44][45][46] Many were forced to resort to home remedies until it was safe to seek treatment, and when they were able to access a hospital, they were unable to state the true cause of their injury for fear of being turned away or turned in to authorities.[47] This was particularly detrimental in the case of eye injuries that require urgent care in order to preserve visual acuity.[48]

Eyes for Freedom edit

The Eyes for Freedom (Persian: Cheshm Baraye Azadi, چشم برای آزادی) movement started in the aftermath the Woman, Life, Freedom protests in Iran, sparked by the death-in-custody in September 2022 of 22-year-old Mahsa "Jina" Amini.[49][50][51][52] The movement was built through activism of people who had sustained significant eye injuries as a result of participating in, or being near protests.[53][54][2] The aim was to build a support network and to increase awareness of the people who were now faced with lifelong disability.[53][3]

Propaganda edit

As the Eyes for Freedom hashtag grew and the group garnered global attention, the government responded by attempting to discredit injured protesters.[55] In Tehran, banners were installed in May 2023 with a cartoon image of men with eye patches, one with a long wooden nose, a reference to fictional character Pinocchio whose wooden nose grows when he lies. Under the image were the words: "There are no good intentions with liars" (Persian: در دروغگویان خیری نهفته نیست). The government has continued to deny that any protesters suffered eye injuries.[56]

Global public reaction edit

On 8 April 2023 Angelina Jolie made a post in solidarity with those who had suffered injuries, sharing quotes and images of Elaheh Tavokolian and Zaniyar Tondro.[57][58] Multiple Iranian artists both inside and outside of Iran expressed solidarity. Singer Roozbeh Bemani released a song called "Your Eyes" (Persian: چشمات) in solidarity with the movement. In rallies around the world demonstrators donned eye patches and displayed photos of victims to help raise awareness of the issue.

References edit

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  2. ^ a b Engelbrecht, Cora (2022-11-19). "Hundreds of Protesters in Iran Blinded by Metal Pellets and Rubber Bullets". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-09-19.
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  9. ^ a b "Abolfazl Adinezadeh: Teenage protester shot dead by security forces - sources". BBC News. 2022-10-20. Retrieved 2023-10-01.
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  39. ^ KHRN (2023-09-28). "KHRN: Four women detained without judicial order in Saqqez". KHRN. Retrieved 2024-03-06.
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  41. ^ Ghajar, Aida (2023-03-17). "Blinding As A Weapon (27): A Father Of Two Shot In Both EyesAnd Killed" (https://iranwire.com/en/blinding-as-a-weapon/114856-blinding-as-a-weapon-27-a-father-of-two-shot-in-the-eyes-and-killed/). IranWire. Retrieved 2023-10-04.
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  44. ^ Tabrizy, Nilo; Jhaveri, Ishaan (2022-11-23). "How Iran's Security Forces Use Ambulances to Suppress Protests". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-10-02.
  45. ^ jasmin (2023-02-22). "Iran: Scores Blinded as Security Forces Aim Guns at Protesters' Eyes". Center for Human Rights in Iran. Retrieved 2023-10-02.
  46. ^ "Woman, Life, Freedom — The Fight For Women's Rights In Iran Continues". www.thegazelle.org. Retrieved 2023-10-02.
  47. ^ Ghajar, Aida; Hignett, Katherine; Shams, Omid (2023-03-14). "Special Report: The Islamic Republic's Use of Blinding as a Weapon of War Against Protesters" (PDF). IranWire. Retrieved 2023-09-20.
  48. ^ Hignett, Katherine; Ghajar, Aida (2023-03-03). "Blinding as a Weapon: An Ophthalmological Review" (PDF). IranWire. Retrieved 2023-09-19.
  49. ^ "Mahsa Amini's father detained by Iranian security forces on anniversary of her death in detention". ABC News. 2023-09-16. Retrieved 2023-09-19.
  50. ^ "Iran Human Rights Highlights Targeting of Protesters' Eyes". VOA. 2023-09-22. Retrieved 2023-09-27.
  51. ^ "Mahsa Amini and a year of brutality and courage in Iran – in illustrations". the Guardian. 2023-09-14. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2023-09-27.
  52. ^ "Women, Life, Freedom — The Iranian Government's Deadly Response To Protests In The Country". www.thegazelle.org. Retrieved 2023-09-27.
  53. ^ a b Ghajar, Aida (2023-04-20). "Blinding as a Weapon (35): The Bystander Who Lost Both Eyes and Joys of Daily Life". Iran Wire. Retrieved 2023-09-27.
  54. ^ Johnston, Holly (2023-07-24). "'I did this for my country': Iran's blinded protesters proud of their sacrifice". The National. Retrieved 2023-09-27.
  55. ^ Iran, A. correspondent in (2023-06-09). "Anger boils over Iranian authority accusing blinded protestors of lying". The New Arab. Retrieved 2023-10-02.
  56. ^ "Tehran Billboards Claim Protesters Shot in Eyes Are "Liars"". IranWire. 2023-05-08. Retrieved 2023-10-02.
  57. ^ Jolie, Angelina (2023-04-08). "Instagram". www.instagram.com. Retrieved 2023-10-02.
  58. ^ "Angelina Jolie Expresses Support For Iranian Protesters Who Lost Eyes". Iran International. 2023-10-02. Retrieved 2023-10-02.

January 01, 1970
injuries, during, 2022, iranian, protests, conservative, estimates, reported, ophthalmologists, november, 2022, stated, there, been, confirmed, cases, significant, injuries, during, 2022, woman, life, freedom, protests, triggered, dead, custody, mahsa, jina, a. Conservative estimates reported by ophthalmologists in November 2022 stated there had been 580 confirmed cases of significant eye injuries during the 2022 Woman Life Freedom protests triggered by the dead in custody of Mahsa Jina Amini 1 The actual number of injuries is likely much higher 1 2 3 4 The widespread nature of the eye injuries across the country and the number of cases reported demonstrates a systematic nature to these attacks 5 Contents 1 Use of kinetic impact projectiles 1 1 2021 protest 2 Crime against humanity 3 Fatalities 3 1 Mohammad Hossein Erfan 3 2 Sepehr Azami 3 3 Mohammad Hassanzadeh 3 4 Seyed Javad Mousavi 4 Responses 4 1 Government response 4 2 Eyes for Freedom 4 3 Propaganda 4 4 Global public reaction 5 ReferencesUse of kinetic impact projectiles edit nbsp X ray of an Iranian protestor who suffered eye damage after being shot in the face with a non lethal stinger round in 2009 Kinetic impact projectiles KIPs also known as baton rounds or rubber plastic bullets are non lethal projectiles used for crowd control purposes by riot police 6 7 8 KIPs are marketed as non or less lethal weapons used for the purposes of dispersing crowds without causing penetrating wounds 6 However when used inappropriately and fired indiscriminately they have been known to cause injuries leading to life long disability or even death 6 7 9 Examples of KIPs include rubber or plastic bullets bean bag rounds sponge rounds rounds with a softer nose tip to limit impact or pellet rounds of birdshot or buckshot 6 7 Abolfazl Adinezadeh a 17 year old boy that had joined the Woman Life Freedom protests is one of many examples of protesters in Iran who have been killed as a result of close range discharge of KIPs 9 10 Cases have also been reported in which protesters have either been killed or lost an eye as a result of being hit directly by tear gas canisters 7 11 12 13 Abolfazl Amirataie a 16 year old boy who had joined protests on 22 September 2022 was shot directly in the head at close range with a tear gas canister causing catastrophic damage to one side of his skull and brain 14 After 8 months in a vegetative state Amirataie succumbed to his injuries on 27 May 2023 14 Amnesty International conducted a review of the abuse of KIPs and found examples across 30 different countries of undue injury suffered by protesters at the hands of riot police 7 Eye injuries in the Chilean protests were so widespread that at the time it was estimated by the Chilean Ophthalmology Society that it was the highest number of cases registered globally The AAO has called for the end of the use of KIPs against protesters as have the Physicians for Human Rights as well as Amnesty International 1 6 7 2021 protest edit The 2022 protests were not the first time eye injuries were reported inside of Iran Doctors from Isfahan in the aftermath of protests in November of 2021 reported 40 admissions of eye injuries in one day of police crackdown against peaceful protesters 15 Crime against humanity editArticle 7 of the Rome Statute under which the International Criminal Court is established defines crimes against humanity 16 The definition includes Other inhumane acts of a similar character intentionally causing great suffering or serious injury to body or to mental or physical health Article 7 the Rome Statute Part 2 1 k 16 Attack directed against any civilian population means a course of conduct involving the multiple commission of acts referred to in paragraph 1 against any civilian population pursuant to or in furtherance of a State or organizational policy to commit such attack Article 7 the Rome Statute Part 2 1 a 16 Norway based non government organisation Iran Human Rights IHRNGO confirmed 138 specific cases of eye injuries across different cities in Iran to highlight the systematic nature of the injuries against unarmed protesters 5 17 First hand accounts of lasers on the faces of protesters prior to being shot further emphasise the purposeful intent of injury to the eyes 18 19 While those injured in Chile and the United States have had some albeit limited and scattered success in taking their cases to court those in Iran have been unable to build cases without threat and retaliation 20 21 22 23 Families of murdered protesters who have made attempts to seek justice via the court system inside of Iran have been repeatedly threatened or detained in retaliation for their efforts 24 25 In July of 2023 sister of murdered protester Milad Saeedianjoo Zahra Saeedianjoo was apprehended and detained for a second time in four months 26 27 Earlier in the year Zahra has also been fired from her job in relation to her activities seeking justice for her brother 28 It is therefore virtually impossible to pursue justice internally in Iran 29 The Islamic Republic judicial system applies Qisas or retaliation retribution law Mehdi Mousavian arrested 31 December 2017 in relation to protests was accused and convicted of throwing stones which blinded a policeman in one eye 30 31 The Judiciary sentenced Mousavian to Qisas meaning his sentence would include the removal of his eye if he did not pay a fine of 14 billion toman 280 000 USD 30 32 If this sentence is executed it may set a precedent for the pursuit of legal action for those who have suffered eye injuries 30 Iran is not a State Party to the Rome Statute and this creates a legal challenge in the pursuit of justice for the people of Iran however human rights lawyers are actively pursuing mechanisms for justice 33 34 35 On 24 November 2022 the United Nations Human Right Council adopted a resolution for the establishment of an independent international Fact Finding Mission on the Deteriorating situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran especially with respect to women and children 35 Fatalities editAs with the number of people who suffered eye injuries as a result of KIPs the true number of those who succumbed to their injuries or passed away since their injury may never been known Reports have highlighted few cases where families have shared the stories of their loved ones Mohammad Hossein Erfan edit Mohammad Hossein Erfan Persian محمد حسین عرفان 24 years old at the time of injury had been shot in Karaj when attending November 2019 protests 36 He had been shot in the face by a pellet gun resulting in complete blindness in his left eye and only 30 percent vision in his left 36 Despite his injuries from 2019 and their continued impacts witnesses state that Erfan attended the 2022 Woman Life Freedom protests and had even provided comfort and direction to those who had been injured on the streets at the time Erfan passed away unexpectedly late February 2024 after being admitted to hospital reportedly with high blood sugar levels 36 Erfan was 28 years old at the time of death Sepehr Azami edit Sepehr Azami Persian سپهر اعظمی was 23 years old at the time of injury Azami was attending protests in Karaj on 3 November 2022 40th day ceremony commemorating the death of young protester Hadis Najafi when he was shot multiple times by pellet guns More than 80 pellets were discovered inside of his body causing catastrophic damage including to one of his eyes Azami was in a comatose state in hospital for 33 days before succumbing to his injuries in 6 December 2022 37 Mohammad Hassanzadeh edit Mohammad Hassanzadeh Persian محمد حسنزاده 28 at the time of injury Hassanzadeh joined protests early on in his hometown of Bukan On one occasion when he went to protest he was shot at with apaintball gun he continued to go to the streets the next time he was shot with a pellet gun and a pellet planted into his left eye causing major damage Hassanzadeh was forced to travel to Tehran for treatment after being turned away from multiple hospitals in his hometown and in the city of Tabriz After his return to Bukan Hassanzadeh continued to attend protests until on 16 November 2022 when he was fatally wounded 38 39 Seyed Javad Mousavi edit Seyed Javad Mousavi Persian سید جواد موسوی a father was 39 years old when he was shot directly in the face causing damage to both eyes 40 On 17 November 2022 Mousavi had been attending a protest in Isfahan when he was injured After being shot he was separated from his group and witnesses say he was taken by security agents His lifeless body was later found with a makeshift bandage covering both hiseyes He left behind a wife and two young children 41 Responses editGovernment response edit In the height of the protests where majority of injuries took place the Islamic Republic s response included deploying ambulances to transport injured protesters directly to detention facilities refusing access to treatment threatening and arresting medical staff for providing aid to injured protesters and had posted guards at entrances of hospitals to note the names of anyone coming in with injuries sustained at protests 42 43 44 45 46 Many were forced to resort to home remedies until it was safe to seek treatment and when they were able to access a hospital they were unable to state the true cause of their injury for fear of being turned away or turned in to authorities 47 This was particularly detrimental in the case of eye injuries that require urgent care in order to preserve visual acuity 48 Eyes for Freedom edit The Eyes for Freedom Persian Cheshm Baraye Azadi چشم برای آزادی movement started in the aftermath the Woman Life Freedom protests in Iran sparked by the death in custody in September 2022 of 22 year old Mahsa Jina Amini 49 50 51 52 The movement was built through activism of people who had sustained significant eye injuries as a result of participating in or being near protests 53 54 2 The aim was to build a support network and to increase awareness of the people who were now faced with lifelong disability 53 3 Propaganda edit As the Eyes for Freedom hashtag grew and the group garnered global attention the government responded by attempting to discredit injured protesters 55 In Tehran banners were installed in May 2023 with a cartoon image of men with eye patches one with a long wooden nose a reference to fictional character Pinocchio whose wooden nose grows when he lies Under the image were the words There are no good intentions with liars Persian در دروغگویان خیری نهفته نیست The government has continued to deny that any protesters suffered eye injuries 56 Global public reaction edit On 8 April 2023 Angelina Jolie made a post in solidarity with those who had suffered injuries sharing quotes and images of Elaheh Tavokolian and Zaniyar Tondro 57 58 Multiple Iranian artists both inside and outside of Iran expressed solidarity Singer Roozbeh Bemani released a song called Your Eyes Persian چشمات in solidarity with the movement In rallies around the world demonstrators donned eye patches and displayed photos of victims to help raise awareness of the issue References edit a b c Ocular Injuries in Iranian Protesters American Academy of Ophthalmology 2023 01 18 Retrieved 2023 09 27 a b Engelbrecht Cora 2022 11 19 Hundreds of Protesters in Iran Blinded by Metal Pellets and Rubber Bullets The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved 2023 09 19 a b Iran protests Victims shot in eyes hold on to hopes BBC News 2023 04 04 Retrieved 2023 09 19 Farda RFE RL s Radio Activists Say Iran s Eye Victims Under Government Pressure With Arrests RadioFreeEurope RadioLiberty Retrieved 2023 09 27 a b Iran Protests 2022 Women Protester Eyes Intentionally and Systematically Targeted PDF Iran Human Rights IHRNGO 2023 09 22 Retrieved 2023 09 27 a b c d e Health Impacts of Crowd Control Weapons Kinetic Impact Projectiles Rubber Bullets PHR Retrieved 2023 10 01 a b c d e f My Eye Exploded the Global Abuse of Kinetic Impact Projectiles Amnesty International Retrieved 2023 10 01 Ocular Injuries in Iranian Protesters American Academy of Ophthalmology 2023 01 18 Retrieved 2023 10 01 a b Abolfazl Adinezadeh Teenage protester shot dead by security forces sources BBC News 2022 10 20 Retrieved 2023 10 01 Strzyzynska Weronika 2022 10 20 Schoolboy protester dies in Iran after reportedly being shot at close range The Guardian ISSN 0261 3077 Retrieved 2023 10 01 Iranian Teenager Shot In Head During Protests Succumbs To Injuries Iran International 2023 10 01 Retrieved 2023 10 01 Ghajar Aida 2023 07 17 Blinding as a Weapon 47 Blinded Protester Tells Attacker I Forgive You IranWire Retrieved 2023 10 01 Otis John 2022 10 10 For Chileans blinded in police violence making music has become one path to healing npr Retrieved 2023 10 02 a b Iranian Teenager Shot In Head During Protests Succumbs To Injuries Iran International 2023 10 01 Retrieved 2023 10 01 Iranian police intentionally targeted heads and eyes of protesters in Isfahan witnesses The Observers France 24 2021 12 03 Retrieved 2023 10 04 a b c Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court PDF International Criminal Court 4 7 1998 07 17 Islamic Republic Systematically Targeted Protester Eyes in Nationwide Protests Iran Human Rights IHRNGO 2023 03 02 Retrieved 2023 09 19 Half Blinded By Iranian Police A Protester s Story 2023 07 25 retrieved 2023 10 02 Ghajar Aida 2023 11 03 Blinding As A Weapon 21 The Victory Of Light Over Darkness IranWire Retrieved 2023 10 02 Henry Kelvin 2023 03 18 La Mesa Woman Blinded in One Eye During 2020 Protests Settles With City for 10 Million NBC 7 San Diego Retrieved 2023 10 02 Jara Ilsen 2020 09 01 Los ojos de Fabiola Campillai que la policia chilena cego El Pais in Spanish ISSN 1134 6582 Retrieved 2023 10 02 Ghajar Aida 2023 05 02 Blinding as a Weapon 37 Bringing the Fight to the Judiciary IranWire Retrieved 2023 10 02 Iranian Lawyer Says Victims In Recent Protests File Lawsuits Iran International 2023 10 04 Retrieved 2023 10 04 Iran Family under repeated attack for seeking justice Elham Afkari and Vahid Afkari Amnesty International Retrieved 2023 10 02 Eikdar Solmaz 2023 08 24 Iranian Government Detains Relatives of Crackdown Victims Who Seek Justice IranWire Retrieved 2023 10 02 Zahra Saeedianjoo Arrested in Tehran Hrana 2023 07 11 Retrieved 2023 10 02 Killed Protestor Milad Saeedianjoo s Siblings Arrested Hrana 2023 03 03 Retrieved 2023 10 02 Zahra Saeedianjo the sister of Milad Saeedianjo has been arrested again Hengaw in Kurdish Arabic script Retrieved 2023 10 02 Human rights in Iran Amnesty International Retrieved 2023 10 02 a b c Protester Mehdi Mousavian on Hunger Strike Against Planned Eye for an Eye Gouging Iran Human Rights 2024 01 26 Robbins Elizabeth 2024 01 28 Iran s Judiciary Poised to Gouge Out Eye of Protestor as Executions Surge FDD Retrieved 2024 01 30 Aslani Mostafa 2024 01 29 Iran s Repressive Policies Intensify From Brutal Punishments to Workers Protests Iran News Update Retrieved 2024 01 30 The States Parties to the Rome Statute International Criminal Court asp icc cpi int Retrieved 2023 10 02 End Gender Apartheid End Gender Apartheid Retrieved 2023 10 02 a b ODS HOME PAGE PDF documents dds ny un org Retrieved 2023 10 02 a b c Ghajar Aida 2024 03 06 چشم هایش محمدحسین عرفان آبان ۹۸ چشمانش را داد امسال جانش را Iran Wire Retrieved 2024 03 06 Sepehr Azami a Kurdish citizen who was injured by security forces in Karaj passed away Hengaw in Kurdish Arabic script Retrieved 2024 03 06 KHRN 2023 09 05 KHRN Security forces arrest father sister of slain protester in Bukan KHRN Retrieved 2024 03 06 KHRN 2023 09 28 KHRN Four women detained without judicial order in Saqqez KHRN Retrieved 2024 03 06 Ghajar Aida Hignett Katherine Shams Omid 2023 03 14 Special Report The IslamicRepublic s Use of Blinding as a Weapon of War Against Protesters https static prod iranwire com pdfcomponent Blinding as a Weapon of Suppression ZcEX pdf PDF IranWire Retrieved 2023 09 20 Ghajar Aida 2023 03 17 Blinding As A Weapon 27 A Father Of Two Shot In Both EyesAnd Killed https iranwire com en blinding as a weapon 114856 blinding as a weapon 27 a father of two shot in the eyes and killed IranWire Retrieved 2023 10 04 Ghajar Aida 2023 01 30 Blinding As A Weapon 4 The Story Of The Joker Of Tehran IranWire Retrieved 2023 09 19 Rebane Teele 2022 10 19 The doctors risking it all to treat Iran s protesters CNN Retrieved 2023 10 02 Tabrizy Nilo Jhaveri Ishaan 2022 11 23 How Iran s Security Forces Use Ambulances to Suppress Protests The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved 2023 10 02 jasmin 2023 02 22 Iran Scores Blinded as Security Forces Aim Guns at Protesters Eyes Center for Human Rights in Iran Retrieved 2023 10 02 Woman Life Freedom The Fight For Women s Rights In Iran Continues www thegazelle org Retrieved 2023 10 02 Ghajar Aida Hignett Katherine Shams Omid 2023 03 14 Special Report The Islamic Republic s Use of Blinding as a Weapon of War Against Protesters PDF IranWire Retrieved 2023 09 20 Hignett Katherine Ghajar Aida 2023 03 03 Blinding as a Weapon An Ophthalmological Review PDF IranWire Retrieved 2023 09 19 Mahsa Amini s father detained by Iranian security forces on anniversary of her death in detention ABC News 2023 09 16 Retrieved 2023 09 19 Iran Human Rights Highlights Targeting of Protesters Eyes VOA 2023 09 22 Retrieved 2023 09 27 Mahsa Amini and a year of brutality and courage in Iran in illustrations the Guardian 2023 09 14 ISSN 0261 3077 Retrieved 2023 09 27 Women Life Freedom The Iranian Government s Deadly Response To Protests In The Country www thegazelle org Retrieved 2023 09 27 a b Ghajar Aida 2023 04 20 Blinding as a Weapon 35 The Bystander Who Lost Both Eyes and Joys of Daily Life Iran Wire Retrieved 2023 09 27 Johnston Holly 2023 07 24 I did this for my country Iran s blinded protesters proud of their sacrifice The National Retrieved 2023 09 27 Iran A correspondent in 2023 06 09 Anger boils over Iranian authority accusing blinded protestors of lying The New Arab Retrieved 2023 10 02 Tehran Billboards Claim Protesters Shot in Eyes Are Liars IranWire 2023 05 08 Retrieved 2023 10 02 Jolie Angelina 2023 04 08 Instagram www instagram com Retrieved 2023 10 02 Angelina Jolie Expresses Support For Iranian Protesters Who Lost Eyes Iran International 2023 10 02 Retrieved 2023 10 02 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Eye injuries during 2022 Iranian protests amp oldid 1216865060, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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