Extended-release (or slow-release) formulations of morphine are those whose effect last substantially longer than bare morphine, availing for e.g. one administration per day. Conversion between extended-release and immediate-release (or "regular") morphine is easier than conversion to or from an equianalgesic dose of another opioid with different half-life, with less risk of altered pharmacodynamics.
Brand names for this formulation of morphine include Avinza,[1]Kadian,[1]MS Contin,[1]MST Continus,[2][3][4][5]Morphagesic, Zomorph, Filnarine, MXL[6] and Dolcontin.[7] MS Contin is a trademark of Purdue Pharma, and is available in the United States, and Australia. In the UK, MS Contin is marketed by NAPP Pharmaceuticals as MST Continus. MS Contin is a DEA Schedule II substance in the United States, a Schedule 8 (controlled) drug in Australia and a Schedule 2 CD (Controlled Drug) in the UK.
Avinza is made by King Pharmaceuticals and Kadian is made by Actavis Pharmaceuticals. Unlike the MS Contin brand and its generic versions, Kadian and Avinza are designed to be 12- to 24-hour release, not 8- to 12-hour. So instead of 2-3 times a day dosing, it can be 1-2 times.
MST Continus[2][3][4] and MXL[6] are registered copyright and trademark of Napp Pharmaceuticals and are available in the UK. MXL is a 24-hour release formula designed to be taken once daily. It is available in doses between 30 mg and 200 mg in 30 mg intervals (equating to between 1.25 mg/hour and 8.33 mg/hour). MST Continus is a 12-hour release formula, therefore it is given 2 times per day. It is available in the following doses: 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, 30 mg, 60 mg, 100 mg and 200 mg tablets (equating to between 0.83 mg/hour and 16.67 mg/hour).
Dosage comparison
For constant pain, the relieving effect of extended-release morphine given once (for Kadian[8]) or twice (for MS Contin[8]) every 24 hours is roughly the same as multiple administrations of immediate release (or "regular") morphine.[9] Morphine sulfate pentahydrade (trade names including Dolcontin) has a higher molecular mass than morphine base, and therefore 10 mg morphine sulfate pentahydrate contains approximatively 7.5 mg of morphine free base.[10] Extended-release morphine can be administered together with "rescue doses" of immediate-release morphine pro re nata in case of breakthrough pain, each generally consisting of 5% to 15% of the 24-hour extended-release dosage.[9]
Structure
Some brands may have a pellet (spheroid) formulations (made by extrusion and spheronization) can be used for controlled release of the drug in the body whereas powder filled pellets generally cannot. The plastic spheres containing powder have micropores that open at varying pH levels, to maintain a mostly constant release during transit through the digestive tract. The spheres themselves, the outer shells, pass undigested in most patients.[citation needed] Other brands are thought to use ethylcellulose coatings to control drug release from pellets. Another use these style medications have is that they can be given via NG tube, the pellets being very small. This makes them one of the only extended release oral medications that can be given by feeding tube.
Opioid replacement therapy
According to a Cochrane review in 2013, extended-release morphine as an opioid replacement therapy for people with heroin addiction or dependence confers a possible reduction of opioid use and with fewer depressive symptoms but overall more adverse effects when compared to other forms of long-acting opioids. The length of time in treatment was not found to be significantly different.[11]
^ ab(PDF). Northwestern University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2015-12-21.
^"Dolcontin". FASS (drug formulary). Retrieved 2016-09-26. Translated from Swedish "Morfinsulfatpentahydrat 10 mg motsvarande morfin 7,5 mg"
^Ferri, Marica; Minozzi, Silvia; Bo, Alessandra; Amato, Laura; Ferri, Marica (2013). "Slow-release oral morphine as maintenance therapy for opioid dependence". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (6): CD009879. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009879.pub2. PMID 23740540.
External links
Advanced consumer information: morphine sulfate
Consumer Medicine Information (Australia)
August 25, 2023
extended, release, morphine, kadian, redirects, here, other, uses, kadian, disambiguation, extended, release, slow, release, formulations, morphine, those, whose, effect, last, substantially, longer, than, bare, morphine, availing, administration, conversion, . Kadian redirects here For other uses see Kadian disambiguation Extended release or slow release formulations of morphine are those whose effect last substantially longer than bare morphine availing for e g one administration per day Conversion between extended release and immediate release or regular morphine is easier than conversion to or from an equianalgesic dose of another opioid with different half life with less risk of altered pharmacodynamics Structural formula of morphine Contents 1 Brand names 2 Dosage comparison 3 Structure 4 Opioid replacement therapy 5 References 6 External linksBrand names EditBrand names for this formulation of morphine include Avinza 1 Kadian 1 MS Contin 1 MST Continus 2 3 4 5 Morphagesic Zomorph Filnarine MXL 6 and Dolcontin 7 MS Contin is a trademark of Purdue Pharma and is available in the United States and Australia In the UK MS Contin is marketed by NAPP Pharmaceuticals as MST Continus MS Contin is a DEA Schedule II substance in the United States a Schedule 8 controlled drug in Australia and a Schedule 2 CD Controlled Drug in the UK Avinza is made by King Pharmaceuticals and Kadian is made by Actavis Pharmaceuticals Unlike the MS Contin brand and its generic versions Kadian and Avinza are designed to be 12 to 24 hour release not 8 to 12 hour So instead of 2 3 times a day dosing it can be 1 2 times MST Continus 2 3 4 and MXL 6 are registered copyright and trademark of Napp Pharmaceuticals and are available in the UK MXL is a 24 hour release formula designed to be taken once daily It is available in doses between 30 mg and 200 mg in 30 mg intervals equating to between 1 25 mg hour and 8 33 mg hour MST Continus is a 12 hour release formula therefore it is given 2 times per day It is available in the following doses 5 mg 10 mg 15 mg 30 mg 60 mg 100 mg and 200 mg tablets equating to between 0 83 mg hour and 16 67 mg hour Dosage comparison EditFor constant pain the relieving effect of extended release morphine given once for Kadian 8 or twice for MS Contin 8 every 24 hours is roughly the same as multiple administrations of immediate release or regular morphine 9 Morphine sulfate pentahydrade trade names including Dolcontin has a higher molecular mass than morphine base and therefore 10 mg morphine sulfate pentahydrate contains approximatively 7 5 mg of morphine free base 10 Extended release morphine can be administered together with rescue doses of immediate release morphine pro re nata in case of breakthrough pain each generally consisting of 5 to 15 of the 24 hour extended release dosage 9 Structure EditSome brands may have a pellet spheroid formulations made by extrusion and spheronization can be used for controlled release of the drug in the body whereas powder filled pellets generally cannot The plastic spheres containing powder have micropores that open at varying pH levels to maintain a mostly constant release during transit through the digestive tract The spheres themselves the outer shells pass undigested in most patients citation needed Other brands are thought to use ethylcellulose coatings to control drug release from pellets Another use these style medications have is that they can be given via NG tube the pellets being very small This makes them one of the only extended release oral medications that can be given by feeding tube Opioid replacement therapy EditAccording to a Cochrane review in 2013 extended release morphine as an opioid replacement therapy for people with heroin addiction or dependence confers a possible reduction of opioid use and with fewer depressive symptoms but overall more adverse effects when compared to other forms of long acting opioids The length of time in treatment was not found to be significantly different 11 References Edit a b c Morphine slow release By mouth University of Maryland Medical Center a b UK Cancer Research Morphine Morphgesic SR MXL Zomorph MST Sevredol Oramorph www cancerresearchuk org Retrieved 2016 01 25 a b MST continus tablets morphine Netdoctor 2015 02 16 Retrieved 2016 01 25 a b MST Continus tablets 5 mg 10 mg 15 mg 30 mg 60 mg 100 mg 200 mg Summary of Product Characteristics SPC eMC www medicines org uk Retrieved 2016 01 25 Morphine Salts Sub Section Modified Release 12 hourly preparations BNF British National Formulary January 2016 a b MXL capsules 30 mg 60 mg 90 mg 120 mg 150 mg 200 mg Summary of Product Characteristics SPC eMC www medicines org uk Retrieved 2016 01 25 Pedersen L Fredheim OMS 2015 Opioids for Chronic Noncancer Pain Still No Evidence for Superiority of Sustained Release Opioids Clinical Pharmacology amp Therapeutics 97 2 114 115 doi 10 1002 cpt 26 ISSN 0009 9236 PMID 25670511 S2CID 5603973 Last reviewed on 11 18 2015 a b Dosing amp Uses Medscape Retrieved 2015 12 21 a b EndLink An Internet based End of Life Care Education Program Morphine Dosing PDF Northwestern University Archived from the original PDF on 2016 03 04 Retrieved 2015 12 21 Dolcontin FASS drug formulary Retrieved 2016 09 26 Translated from Swedish Morfinsulfatpentahydrat 10 mg motsvarande morfin 7 5 mg Ferri Marica Minozzi Silvia Bo Alessandra Amato Laura Ferri Marica 2013 Slow release oral morphine as maintenance therapy for opioid dependence Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 6 CD009879 doi 10 1002 14651858 CD009879 pub2 PMID 23740540 External links EditAdvanced consumer information morphine sulfate Consumer Medicine Information Australia Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Extended release morphine amp oldid 1171724874, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
