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Evrenos

April 11, 2024

Evrenos or Evrenuz (died 17 November 1417 in Yenice-i Vardar) was an Ottoman military commander. Byzantine sources mention him as Ἐβρενός, Ἀβρανέζης, Βρανέζης, Βρανεύς (?), Βρενέζ, Βρενέζης, Βρενές.[1]

Gazi Haci

Evrenos

Bey
Nickname(s)Gazi Baba
Died17 November 1417
Yenice-i Vardar, Ottoman Empire (now Giannitsa, Greece)
Buried
Mausoleum of Ghazi Evrenos, Giannitsa
AllegianceOttoman Empire
Battles/warsBattle of Kosovo (1389)
Battle of Nicopolis (1396)
Battle of Maritsa
Evrenos conquered Keşan, İpsala, Komotini, Feres, Xanthi, Maroneia, Serres, Monastir, and, in 1397, Corinth
ChildrenAli Bey Evrenosoğlu

He served as a general under Süleyman Pasha, Murad I, Bayezid I, Süleyman Çelebi and Mehmed I. Legends stating that he lived for 129 years and had an incredibly long career are inaccurate. These sources of confusion may be linked to the deeds of his descendants becoming intertwined with his own achievements in historical retellings.[2] He was also known as Gavrinos, and believed to descend from a Greek family.[3]

Biography edit

 
A copy of the Koran that belonged to Evrenos

Οriginally, Gazi Evrenos was a noble dignitary, a bey in the principality of Karasi, joining the Ottomans only after their conquest of the beylik in 1345.[4] A Greek legend[5] maintains that Evrenos' father was a certain Ornos, renegade Byzantine governor of Bursa (Prusa) who defected to the Ottomans, and then on to Karasi, after the Siege of Bursa, in 1326.[6] Stanford J. Shaw states that Evrenos was originally a Byzantine Greek feudal prince in Anatolia who had entered Ottoman service following the capture of Bursa, converted to Islam, and later became a leading military commander under both Orhan and Murat.[7] Joseph von Hammer regarded Evrenos as simply a Byzantine Greek convert to Islam.[8] Peter Sugar considers the family to be of Greek origin as well.[9] Turkish sources report that the family was of Turkish origin.[10][11] However, others dismiss this, noting that the Evrenos family were certainly of non-Turkish origin.[12]

Evrenos has led many crucial Ottoman campaigns and battles in Bulgaria, Thessaly, and Serbia. After having participated in the Ottoman conquest of Adrianopolis in 1362, Evrenos was appointed to uc beği (frontier warlord) of Thessaly.[1] Evrenos built a hospice in Komotini following his conquest of the area in 1363.[13] Later, Evrenos also led the conquest of Serres.[14]

The most famous battle which of Evrenos participated in the shattering victory of the battle of Maritsa,[15] where the 800 Ottoman warriors launched a devastating night raid where they defeated 70,000 Serbian Empire soldiers.[16][17] Later, Evrenos and his Akinjis fought in the Battle of Kosovo (1389) and the Battle of Nicopolis (1396). Evrenos conquered Keşan, İpsala,[18] Komotini, Feres, Xanthi, Maroneia, Monastir, and, in 1397, Corinth.[2][19] He founded the town Yenice-i Vardar, modern Giannitsa.[20]

Gazi Evrenos died at an advanced age in Yenice-i Vardar. He was buried in a mausoleum there in 1417. The mausoleum survives but was badly mutilated in 19th century and served for a time as an agricultural store.[21]

Legacy edit

 
 
Mausoleum of Gazi Evrenos, Giannitsa. Before (left) and after (right) its restoration)

As one of the most successful Ottoman commanders, Evrenos acquired a considerable amount of wealth and founded numerous endowments (awqaf). Several monuments attributed to him survive in southeastern Europe. Of primary importance is his mausoleum, or türbe, with its accompanying epitaph in Giannitsa.[21] A hammam of Evrenos stands to the south of the mausoleum. Two other monuments stand in Greek Thrace.[22]

Heritage & descendants edit

 
Imaret of Komotini, Thrace, Greece.

Some argue that the name Evrenos (also Evrenuz)[23] is not Turkish. Heath Lowry theorized that the father of Hayreddin Barbarossa perhaps was a Sipahi cavalry served under Evrenos.[24] What is certain is that Gazi Evrenos was from Ottoman Anatolia and first appears as bey.[11] Lapavitsas even put forward that the founder, Piranki (Prangı) Isa Bey, might've been descended from the mercenaries of the Catalan Company, who razed the coasts of Asia Minor in the early 14th century.[25] But modern historians generally reject these views. In light of a newly discovered vâkfiye (pious endowment charter) drawn up in 1456-1457 by İsa Beğ (one of Evrenos' seven sons), it posits a new explanation for the ethnic origins of the family. In this regard it advances the hypothesis that to his contemporaries 'Evrenos' was actually known as 'Evreniz/Evrenüz' or 'Avraniz/Avranüz.' Further, according to Heath W. Lowry, that his father's actual name was Branko/Pranko Lazart, which, according to Lowry, raises the possibility of a Serbian origin for the family.[26] Others, such as Stanford J. Shaw, Dimitri Kitsikis, Peter Sugar, Joseph Von Hammer propose a Greek origin for the family,[7][8][9][27] with Shaw noting that he was a Byzantine feudal prince in Anatolia who converted to Islam and entered Ottoman service following the capture of Bursa.[7]

Îsâ "Prangi" Bey, Evrenos' father, was, according to some sources, the son of Bozoklu Han, who joined Süleyman Pasha in his conquest of Rumelia. He is said to have been martyred in the village of Prangi (also known as Sırcık or Kırcık in Ottoman sources), a busy ferry-place on the Evros river about 6 km (4 mi) east from Didymoteicho, and that his tomb was built by his son Evrenos (Evrenuz) Bey.[21][23]

Gazi Evrenos Bey was father of seven sons (Khidr-shah, Isa, Suleyman, Ali, Yakub, Barak, Begdje) and several daughters.[28]

Together with the Mihaloğulları (from the Beylik of Karasi ), Malkoçoğulları (from Serbia), Ömerli/Ömeroğlu, and the Turahanoğulları, Evrenos' descendants, the Evrenosoğulları, constitute one of the Byzantine families that effectively formed the early Ottoman warrior nobility.[19]

References edit

  1. ^ a b Trapp, Erich; Walther, Rainer; Beyer, Hans-Veit; Sturm-Schnabl, Katja (1978). "Ἐβρενέζ". Prosopographisches Lexikon der Palaiologenzeit (in German). Vol. 3. Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. pp. 207–208. ISBN 3-7001-3003-1.
  2. ^ a b Reinert, Steven W. (1991). "Evrenos". In Kazhdan, Alexander (ed.). The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium. Vol. 2. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. p. 765. ISBN 0-19-504652-8.
  3. ^ Abbé Raynal (Guillaume-Thomas-François), Histoire philosophique et politique des établissemens et du commerce des Européens dans l'Afrique septentrionale, Paris, 1826, vol.2, p. 361
  4. ^ International Journal of Turkish Studies Volumes 7-8 (Turkey -- Periodicals, Turkey -- Periodicals -- History, Turkish antiquities -- Periodicals). University of Wisconsin. 2001. p. 13. Retrieved 16 February 2022.
  5. ^ Bent Holm, Mikael Bøgh Rasmussen, ed. (2021). Imagined, Embodied and Actual Turks in Early Modern Europe. Hollitzer. p. 5. ISBN 9783990121252. According to a Greek legend, Evrenos Bey's father was the governor of Bursa and a convert
  6. ^ P. Voutierides, "Neai Ellenikai Poleis-Yenitsa" Panathinaia 25 (1912-13), p. 210.
  7. ^ a b c Stanford J. Shaw: History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey. Volume 1, Empire of the Gazis: The Rise and Decline of the Ottoman Empire 1280–1808. Cambridge University Press, 1977.
  8. ^ a b Joseph von Hammer: Geschichte des Osmanischen Reiches. Zweite verbesserte Ausgabe Bd. I - IV. Hartlebens, Pesth 1836. (Serbo-Croatian edition by Nerkez Smailagić. Zagreb, 1979.)
  9. ^ a b Sugar, Peter F. (1 July 2012). Southeastern Europe under Ottoman Rule, 1354-1804. University of Washington Press. p. 25. ISBN 978-0-295-80363-0.
  10. ^ Tokalak, İsmail (2006). Bizans-Osmanlı sentezi Bizans kültür ve kurumlarının Osmanlı üzerinde etkisi. Gülerboy Yayıncılık via Indiana University. p. 249. ISBN 9789944547208. Akınism is not unique to the Ottomans, nor is Evrenosoğulları, Mihaloğulları and Malkoçoğulları, who come from famous raider families, are of Turkish origin.
  11. ^ a b Nicolle, David (2011). Cross & Crescent in the Balkans The Ottoman Conquest of Southeastern Europe (14th–15th Centuries). Pen & Sword Books. ISBN 9781844687602. According to some sources, mainly Greek, Evrenos son of Isa (Jesus) Bey Prangi came from a family of Byzantine origin which transferred its alliance to the Turkish Karasi rulers of western Anatolia and had converted to Islam in the 14th century. Other scholars, generally Turkish, claim that the family was of ancient Turkish origin. Certainly Gazi Evrenos was first mentioned as a middle ranking bey.
  12. ^ Lapavitsas, Costas; Cakiroglu, Pinar (8 August 2019). Capitalism in the Ottoman Balkans: Industrialisation and Modernity in Macedonia. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 91. ISBN 978-1-78831-660-6.
  13. ^ Dana Arnold; Finbarr Barry Flood; Gulru Necipoglu Contributor: Dana Arnold (2017). A Companion to Islamic Art and Architecture (ebook) (Art / History / General, Architecture / Buildings / Religious, Art / Middle Eastern, Islamic architecture, Islamic art). Wiley. p. 736. ISBN 9781119068570. Retrieved 16 February 2022. {{cite book}}: |author3= has generic name (help)
  14. ^ "Sırpsındığı Savaşı". Turkcebilgi (in Turkish). Retrieved 16 February 2022.
  15. ^ Michael R. Palairet (2016). Macedonia A Voyage through History (Vol. 2, From the Fifteenth Century to the Present) · Volume 2 (History / General, Political Science / History & Theory, Electronic books, Macedonia -- History). Cambridge Scholars Publishing. ISBN 9781443888493. Retrieved 16 February 2022.
  16. ^ Boskovic, Vladislav (2009). King Vukasin and the disastrous Battle of Marica. GRIN Verlag. p. 11. ISBN 978-3-640-49264-0.
  17. ^ The New Encyclopædia Britannica: Micropaedia. 1993. p. 855. ISBN 978-0-85229-571-7. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  18. ^ Stanford J. Shaw; Ezel Kural Shaw (1976). History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey: Volume 1, Empire of the Gazis: The Rise and Decline of the Ottoman Empire 1280-1808 (illustrated, reprint ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 20, 31. ISBN 9780521291637. Retrieved 16 February 2022.
  19. ^ a b Mélikoff, I. (1965). "Ewrenos". In Lewis, B.; Pellat, Ch. & Schacht, J. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume II: C–G. Leiden: E. J. Brill. p. 720. OCLC 495469475.
  20. ^ Machiel Kiel, "Yenice Vardar (Vardar Yenicesi-Giannitsa): A forgotten Turkish cultural centre in Macedonia of the 15th and 16th century", Studia Byzantina et Neohellenica Neerlandica 3 (1973): 303.
  21. ^ a b c Demetriades, Vasilis (1976). "The Tomb of Ghāzī Evrenos Bey at Yenitsa and Its Inscription". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. 39 (2): 328–332. doi:10.1017/S0041977X00050023. ISSN 0041-977X. JSTOR 616797. S2CID 178591943.
  22. ^ Machiel Kiel, "The Oldest Monuments of Ottoman-Turkish Architecture in the Balkans: The Imaret and the Mosque of Ghazi Evrenos Bey in Gümülcine (Komotini) and the Evrenos Bey Khan in the Village of Ilıca/Loutra in Greek Thrace" Sanat Tarihi Yıllıġı, Kunsthhistorische Forschungen 12 (Istanbul, 1983): pp. 117-138.
  23. ^ a b . İslâm Ansiklopedisi. Archived from the original on 22 October 2020.
  24. ^ Heath W. Lowry (2014). Frontiers of the Ottoman Imagination: 8 Lingering Questions Regarding the Lineage, Life & Death of Barbaros Hayreddin Paşa (History General Middle East and Islamic Studies History & Culture Cartography Religion Ottoman & Turkish Studies). Brill. pp. 185–212. doi:10.1163/9789004283510_010. ISBN 9789004283510. Retrieved 16 February 2022.
  25. ^ Lapavitsas, Costas; Cakiroglu, Pinar (2019). Capitalism in the Ottoman Balkans Industrialisation and Modernity in Macedonia. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 9781788316590. He [Evrenos] might have even been a descendant of a mercenary of the notorious Grand Catalan Company [...]
  26. ^ Lowry, Heath W. (2012). Fourteenth Century Ottoman Realities. İstanbul: Bahçeşehir University Press. p. 11.
  27. ^ Δ. Κιτσίκης, Ιστορία της Οθωμανικής Αυτοκρατορίας: 1280-1924, Αθήνα 1988, p.. 55-56.
  28. ^ Mélikoff, I. (1965). "Ewrenos Og̲h̲ullari̊". In Lewis, B.; Pellat, Ch. & Schacht, J. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume II: C–G. Leiden: E. J. Brill. p. 720. OCLC 495469475.

External links edit

  • in Giannitsa (Yenitsa), Greece.

See also edit

April 11, 2024
evrenos, evrenuz, died, november, 1417, yenice, vardar, ottoman, military, commander, byzantine, sources, mention, Ἐβρενός, Ἀβρανέζης, Βρανέζης, Βρανεύς, Βρενέζ, Βρενέζης, Βρενές, gazi, hacibeynickname, gazi, babadied17, november, 1417yenice, vardar, ottoman, . Evrenos or Evrenuz died 17 November 1417 in Yenice i Vardar was an Ottoman military commander Byzantine sources mention him as Ἐbrenos Ἀbranezhs Branezhs Braneys Brenez Brenezhs Brenes 1 Gazi HaciEvrenosBeyNickname s Gazi BabaDied17 November 1417Yenice i Vardar Ottoman Empire now Giannitsa Greece BuriedMausoleum of Ghazi Evrenos GiannitsaAllegianceOttoman EmpireBattles warsBattle of Kosovo 1389 Battle of Nicopolis 1396 Battle of Maritsa Evrenos conquered Kesan Ipsala Komotini Feres Xanthi Maroneia Serres Monastir and in 1397 CorinthChildrenAli Bey EvrenosogluHe served as a general under Suleyman Pasha Murad I Bayezid I Suleyman Celebi and Mehmed I Legends stating that he lived for 129 years and had an incredibly long career are inaccurate These sources of confusion may be linked to the deeds of his descendants becoming intertwined with his own achievements in historical retellings 2 He was also known as Gavrinos and believed to descend from a Greek family 3 Contents 1 Biography 2 Legacy 3 Heritage amp descendants 4 References 5 External links 6 See alsoBiography edit nbsp A copy of the Koran that belonged to EvrenosOriginally Gazi Evrenos was a noble dignitary a bey in the principality of Karasi joining the Ottomans only after their conquest of the beylik in 1345 4 A Greek legend 5 maintains that Evrenos father was a certain Ornos renegade Byzantine governor of Bursa Prusa who defected to the Ottomans and then on to Karasi after the Siege of Bursa in 1326 6 Stanford J Shaw states that Evrenos was originally a Byzantine Greek feudal prince in Anatolia who had entered Ottoman service following the capture of Bursa converted to Islam and later became a leading military commander under both Orhan and Murat 7 Joseph von Hammer regarded Evrenos as simply a Byzantine Greek convert to Islam 8 Peter Sugar considers the family to be of Greek origin as well 9 Turkish sources report that the family was of Turkish origin 10 11 However others dismiss this noting that the Evrenos family were certainly of non Turkish origin 12 Evrenos has led many crucial Ottoman campaigns and battles in Bulgaria Thessaly and Serbia After having participated in the Ottoman conquest of Adrianopolis in 1362 Evrenos was appointed to uc begi frontier warlord of Thessaly 1 Evrenos built a hospice in Komotini following his conquest of the area in 1363 13 Later Evrenos also led the conquest of Serres 14 The most famous battle which of Evrenos participated in the shattering victory of the battle of Maritsa 15 where the 800 Ottoman warriors launched a devastating night raid where they defeated 70 000 Serbian Empire soldiers 16 17 Later Evrenos and his Akinjis fought in the Battle of Kosovo 1389 and the Battle of Nicopolis 1396 Evrenos conquered Kesan Ipsala 18 Komotini Feres Xanthi Maroneia Monastir and in 1397 Corinth 2 19 He founded the town Yenice i Vardar modern Giannitsa 20 Gazi Evrenos died at an advanced age in Yenice i Vardar He was buried in a mausoleum there in 1417 The mausoleum survives but was badly mutilated in 19th century and served for a time as an agricultural store 21 Legacy edit nbsp nbsp Mausoleum of Gazi Evrenos Giannitsa Before left and after right its restoration As one of the most successful Ottoman commanders Evrenos acquired a considerable amount of wealth and founded numerous endowments awqaf Several monuments attributed to him survive in southeastern Europe Of primary importance is his mausoleum or turbe with its accompanying epitaph in Giannitsa 21 A hammam of Evrenos stands to the south of the mausoleum Two other monuments stand in Greek Thrace 22 Heritage amp descendants edit nbsp Imaret of Komotini Thrace Greece Some argue that the name Evrenos also Evrenuz 23 is not Turkish Heath Lowry theorized that the father of Hayreddin Barbarossa perhaps was a Sipahi cavalry served under Evrenos 24 What is certain is that Gazi Evrenos was from Ottoman Anatolia and first appears as bey 11 Lapavitsas even put forward that the founder Piranki Prangi Isa Bey might ve been descended from the mercenaries of the Catalan Company who razed the coasts of Asia Minor in the early 14th century 25 But modern historians generally reject these views In light of a newly discovered vakfiye pious endowment charter drawn up in 1456 1457 by Isa Beg one of Evrenos seven sons it posits a new explanation for the ethnic origins of the family In this regard it advances the hypothesis that to his contemporaries Evrenos was actually known as Evreniz Evrenuz or Avraniz Avranuz Further according to Heath W Lowry that his father s actual name was Branko Pranko Lazart which according to Lowry raises the possibility of a Serbian origin for the family 26 Others such as Stanford J Shaw Dimitri Kitsikis Peter Sugar Joseph Von Hammer propose a Greek origin for the family 7 8 9 27 with Shaw noting that he was a Byzantine feudal prince in Anatolia who converted to Islam and entered Ottoman service following the capture of Bursa 7 Isa Prangi Bey Evrenos father was according to some sources the son of Bozoklu Han who joined Suleyman Pasha in his conquest of Rumelia He is said to have been martyred in the village of Prangi also known as Sircik or Kircik in Ottoman sources a busy ferry place on the Evros river about 6 km 4 mi east from Didymoteicho and that his tomb was built by his son Evrenos Evrenuz Bey 21 23 Gazi Evrenos Bey was father of seven sons Khidr shah Isa Suleyman Ali Yakub Barak Begdje and several daughters 28 Together with the Mihalogullari from the Beylik of Karasi Malkocogullari from Serbia Omerli Omeroglu and the Turahanogullari Evrenos descendants the Evrenosogullari constitute one of the Byzantine families that effectively formed the early Ottoman warrior nobility 19 References edit a b Trapp Erich Walther Rainer Beyer Hans Veit Sturm Schnabl Katja 1978 Ἐbrenez Prosopographisches Lexikon der Palaiologenzeit in German Vol 3 Vienna Verlag der Osterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften pp 207 208 ISBN 3 7001 3003 1 a b Reinert Steven W 1991 Evrenos In Kazhdan Alexander ed The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium Vol 2 Oxford and New York Oxford University Press p 765 ISBN 0 19 504652 8 Abbe Raynal Guillaume Thomas Francois Histoire philosophique et politique des etablissemens et du commerce des Europeens dans l Afrique septentrionale Paris 1826 vol 2 p 361 International Journal of Turkish Studies Volumes 7 8 Turkey Periodicals Turkey Periodicals History Turkish antiquities Periodicals University of Wisconsin 2001 p 13 Retrieved 16 February 2022 Bent Holm Mikael Bogh Rasmussen ed 2021 Imagined Embodied and Actual Turks in Early Modern Europe Hollitzer p 5 ISBN 9783990121252 According to a Greek legend Evrenos Bey s father was the governor of Bursa and a convert P Voutierides Neai Ellenikai Poleis Yenitsa Panathinaia 25 1912 13 p 210 a b c Stanford J Shaw History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey Volume 1 Empire of the Gazis The Rise and Decline of the Ottoman Empire 1280 1808 Cambridge University Press 1977 a b Joseph von Hammer Geschichte des Osmanischen Reiches Zweite verbesserte Ausgabe Bd I IV Hartlebens Pesth 1836 Serbo Croatian edition by Nerkez Smailagic Zagreb 1979 a b Sugar Peter F 1 July 2012 Southeastern Europe under Ottoman Rule 1354 1804 University of Washington Press p 25 ISBN 978 0 295 80363 0 Tokalak Ismail 2006 Bizans Osmanli sentezi Bizans kultur ve kurumlarinin Osmanli uzerinde etkisi Gulerboy Yayincilik via Indiana University p 249 ISBN 9789944547208 Akinism is not unique to the Ottomans nor is Evrenosogullari Mihalogullari and Malkocogullari who come from famous raider families are of Turkish origin a b Nicolle David 2011 Cross amp Crescent in the Balkans The Ottoman Conquest of Southeastern Europe 14th 15th Centuries Pen amp Sword Books ISBN 9781844687602 According to some sources mainly Greek Evrenos son of Isa Jesus Bey Prangi came from a family of Byzantine origin which transferred its alliance to the Turkish Karasi rulers of western Anatolia and had converted to Islam in the 14th century Other scholars generally Turkish claim that the family was of ancient Turkish origin Certainly Gazi Evrenos was first mentioned as a middle ranking bey Lapavitsas Costas Cakiroglu Pinar 8 August 2019 Capitalism in the Ottoman Balkans Industrialisation and Modernity in Macedonia Bloomsbury Publishing p 91 ISBN 978 1 78831 660 6 Dana Arnold Finbarr Barry Flood Gulru Necipoglu Contributor Dana Arnold 2017 A Companion to Islamic Art and Architecture ebook Art History General Architecture Buildings Religious Art Middle Eastern Islamic architecture Islamic art Wiley p 736 ISBN 9781119068570 Retrieved 16 February 2022 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a author3 has generic name help Sirpsindigi Savasi Turkcebilgi in Turkish Retrieved 16 February 2022 Michael R Palairet 2016 Macedonia A Voyage through History Vol 2 From the Fifteenth Century to the Present Volume 2 History General Political Science History amp Theory Electronic books Macedonia History Cambridge Scholars Publishing ISBN 9781443888493 Retrieved 16 February 2022 Boskovic Vladislav 2009 King Vukasin and the disastrous Battle of Marica GRIN Verlag p 11 ISBN 978 3 640 49264 0 The New Encyclopaedia Britannica Micropaedia 1993 p 855 ISBN 978 0 85229 571 7 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a work ignored help Stanford J Shaw Ezel Kural Shaw 1976 History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey Volume 1 Empire of the Gazis The Rise and Decline of the Ottoman Empire 1280 1808 illustrated reprint ed Cambridge University Press pp 20 31 ISBN 9780521291637 Retrieved 16 February 2022 a b Melikoff I 1965 Ewrenos In Lewis B Pellat Ch amp Schacht J eds The Encyclopaedia of Islam Second Edition Volume II C G Leiden E J Brill p 720 OCLC 495469475 Machiel Kiel Yenice Vardar Vardar Yenicesi Giannitsa A forgotten Turkish cultural centre in Macedonia of the 15th and 16th century Studia Byzantina et Neohellenica Neerlandica 3 1973 303 a b c Demetriades Vasilis 1976 The Tomb of Ghazi Evrenos Bey at Yenitsa and Its Inscription Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies University of London 39 2 328 332 doi 10 1017 S0041977X00050023 ISSN 0041 977X JSTOR 616797 S2CID 178591943 Machiel Kiel The Oldest Monuments of Ottoman Turkish Architecture in the Balkans The Imaret and the Mosque of Ghazi Evrenos Bey in Gumulcine Komotini and the Evrenos Bey Khan in the Village of Ilica Loutra in Greek Thrace Sanat Tarihi Yilliġi Kunsthhistorische Forschungen 12 Istanbul 1983 pp 117 138 a b EVRENOSOGULLARI Islam Ansiklopedisi Archived from the original on 22 October 2020 Heath W Lowry 2014 Frontiers of the Ottoman Imagination 8 Lingering Questions Regarding the Lineage Life amp Death of Barbaros Hayreddin Pasa History General Middle East and Islamic Studies History amp Culture Cartography Religion Ottoman amp Turkish Studies Brill pp 185 212 doi 10 1163 9789004283510 010 ISBN 9789004283510 Retrieved 16 February 2022 Lapavitsas Costas Cakiroglu Pinar 2019 Capitalism in the Ottoman Balkans Industrialisation and Modernity in Macedonia Bloomsbury Publishing ISBN 9781788316590 He Evrenos might have even been a descendant of a mercenary of the notorious Grand Catalan Company Lowry Heath W 2012 Fourteenth Century Ottoman Realities Istanbul Bahcesehir University Press p 11 D Kitsikhs Istoria ths O8wmanikhs Aytokratorias 1280 1924 A8hna 1988 p 55 56 Melikoff I 1965 Ewrenos Og h ullari In Lewis B Pellat Ch amp Schacht J eds The Encyclopaedia of Islam Second Edition Volume II C G Leiden E J Brill p 720 OCLC 495469475 External links editMausoleum of Gazi Evrenos in Giannitsa Yenitsa Greece See also editLala Shahin Pasha Candarli Kara Halil Hayreddin Pasha Umur the Lion Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Evrenos amp oldid 1186645023, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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