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Eustace Tennyson d'Eyncourt

February 14, 2023

Sir Eustace Henry William Tennyson d'Eyncourt, 1st Baronet KCB FRS[1] (1 April 1868 – 1 February 1951)[2] was a British naval architect and engineer. As Director of Naval Construction for the Royal Navy, 1912–1924, he was responsible for the design and construction of some of the most famous British warships. He was also chairman of the Landship Committee at the Admiralty, which was responsible for the design and production of the first military tanks to be used in warfare.[3]

Sir Eustace Tennyson d'Eyncourt, Bt
Born(1868-04-01)1 April 1868
Hadley House, Barnet, Hertfordshire
Died1 February 1951(1951-02-01) (aged 82)
Westminster, London
Alma materCharterhouse
Known forDirector of Naval Construction
Spouse(s)Janet Watson Finlay (married 1898, Anderston, Scotland)
AwardsFellow of the Royal Society[1]

Personal life

D'Eyncourt was born in April 1868 at Hadley House, Barnet, Hertfordshire. He was the sixth child of Louis Charles Tennyson d'Eyncourt (1814–1896) and his wife Sophia Yates (d. 1900). Through his father, he was a cousin of Alfred, Lord Tennyson.

He was educated at Charterhouse, then became an apprentice in naval architecture at the shipyard of Armstrong, Whitworth & Co. in Elswick. By 1898, he was employed as a naval architect in Govan, Glasgow. There he met Janet Burns (née Watson Finlay), a widow whom he married that same year. She had two children from her first marriage, Kingsley and Gwyneth; she and d'Eyncourt had a son, Gervais, and a daughter, Cecily. Janet Tennyson d'Eyncourt died in 1909 when accompanying her husband on a business trip to Buenos Aires.

D'Eyncourt received a number of awards and honours: in 1913, elected to the Athenaeum; in 1921, elected a Fellow of the Royal Society; in 1930, created a baronet; and in 1946, elected a fellow of the Royal Society of Arts. He was succeeded in the baronetcy by his son Gervais (d. 1971). The writer Adam Nicolson is Eustace d'Eyncourt's great grandson.

Career

 
Grave of Eustace Tennyson d'Eyncourt (central cross) in Brookwood Cemetery

As an apprentice at Armstrong, Whitworth & Co., d'Eyncourt worked on the design of warships for the Austrian, Italian, Norwegian, Spanish, Portuguese, and Turkish governments. He joined the Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company of Govan in 1898, before returning to Armstrong, Whitworth & Co. in 1902. In 1904, he undertook consultancy work on the state of the Turkish navy which earned him the Order of the Medjidie, Third Class.

In 1912, d'Eyncourt was appointed director of naval construction with the Royal Navy. He pioneered new forms of ship construction that helped provide protection from torpedo attack.

On 20 February 1915, First Lord of the Admiralty Winston Churchill asked him to be Chairman of the Landship Committee, a group of Royal Naval Air Service officers and engineers assembled to design a vehicle capable of crossing No Man's Land and suppressing the enemy machine guns that had caused heavy casualties in the first six months of the First World War. The machine that was eventually developed was given the name "tank".

D'Eyncourt resigned from the Admiralty in 1924 and rejoined his former company, Armstrong, Whitworth & Co. However, the firm failed in the late 1920s owing to the building slump following the end of the war. In 1928, d'Eyncourt joined the board of Parsons Marine Steam Turbine Company until he retired in 1948. He lived for most of his retirement in Hailsham, Sussex, but died in London in 1951.

He is buried in Brookwood Cemetery.

Design characteristics

In his battlecruisers, "large light cruisers" and the Hawkins-class cruisers, d'Eyncourt evolved a novel hull form: in cross-section the hull was an isosceles trapezoid, with the ship's sides sloping inboard at an angle of 10 degrees from the vertical, while outboard of this, external bulges extended over the full length of the machinery spaces. The result was a hull structure of great strength, and the sloping sides increased the possible spread of impact of shells, thus giving greater resistance to penetration.

The aesthetic side of naval architecture has seldom been given much attention, though it is as much of an art as the architecture of buildings; in general appearance (in terms of harmonious proportion as regards length, beam, and freeboard, as well as the size of the superstructure and funnels in relation to the hull), the opinion has been expressed that d'Eyncourt created some of the most elegant and eye-pleasing warships ever designed, the prime example being the battle cruiser HMS Hood.[4]

Ship designs

D'Eyncourt was not necessarily the principal designer of the vessels listed below, but had ultimate responsibility for them.

Battleships and battlecruisers

Cruisers

"Large light cruisers", later aircraft carriers

Destroyers

Submarines

Other types

Monitors, patrol boats, minesweepers, sloops, gunboats for China Station, Merchant ship conversions into seaplane carriers

Tanks

D'Eyncourt was chairman of the Landship Committee, created by Winston Churchill, which oversaw the design and production of Britain's first military tanks during World War 1.[3]

Writings

D'Eyncourt summarized his World War I work in an article "Naval Construction During the War", published in Engineering, 11 April 1919, pp. 482–490. He also published an autobiography entitled A Shipbuilder's Yarn (London: Hutchinson, 1948).

Baronetage of the United Kingdom
New creation Baronet
(of Carter's Corner Farm)
1930–1951 		Succeeded by

References

  1. ^ a b Lillicrap, C. S. (1951). "Eustace Tennyson d'Eyncourt. 1868-1951". Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society. 7 (20): 341–354. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1951.0005. JSTOR 769023. S2CID 162252200.
  2. ^ http://auden.stanford.edu/cgi-bin/auden/individual.php?pid=I10672&ged=auden-bicknell.ged&tab=0[permanent dead link]
  3. ^ a b Churchill, p. 316
  4. ^ Oscar Parkes, British Battleships

Bibliography

  • Churchill, Winston. The World Crisis (Abridged). 1992; Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 0-684-19453-8.
  • D'Eyncourt. A Shipbuilder's Yarn; The Record of a Naval Constructor (London: Hutchinson, 1948).

February 14, 2023
eustace, tennyson, eyncourt, eustace, henry, william, tennyson, eyncourt, baronet, april, 1868, february, 1951, british, naval, architect, engineer, director, naval, construction, royal, navy, 1912, 1924, responsible, design, construction, some, most, famous, . Sir Eustace Henry William Tennyson d Eyncourt 1st Baronet KCB FRS 1 1 April 1868 1 February 1951 2 was a British naval architect and engineer As Director of Naval Construction for the Royal Navy 1912 1924 he was responsible for the design and construction of some of the most famous British warships He was also chairman of the Landship Committee at the Admiralty which was responsible for the design and production of the first military tanks to be used in warfare 3 Sir Eustace Tennyson d Eyncourt BtBorn 1868 04 01 1 April 1868Hadley House Barnet HertfordshireDied1 February 1951 1951 02 01 aged 82 Westminster LondonAlma materCharterhouseKnown forDirector of Naval ConstructionSpouse s Janet Watson Finlay married 1898 Anderston Scotland AwardsFellow of the Royal Society 1 Contents 1 Personal life 2 Career 3 Design characteristics 4 Ship designs 4 1 Battleships and battlecruisers 4 2 Cruisers 4 3 Large light cruisers later aircraft carriers 4 4 Destroyers 4 5 Submarines 4 6 Other types 4 7 Tanks 5 Writings 6 References 7 BibliographyPersonal life EditD Eyncourt was born in April 1868 at Hadley House Barnet Hertfordshire He was the sixth child of Louis Charles Tennyson d Eyncourt 1814 1896 and his wife Sophia Yates d 1900 Through his father he was a cousin of Alfred Lord Tennyson He was educated at Charterhouse then became an apprentice in naval architecture at the shipyard of Armstrong Whitworth amp Co in Elswick By 1898 he was employed as a naval architect in Govan Glasgow There he met Janet Burns nee Watson Finlay a widow whom he married that same year She had two children from her first marriage Kingsley and Gwyneth she and d Eyncourt had a son Gervais and a daughter Cecily Janet Tennyson d Eyncourt died in 1909 when accompanying her husband on a business trip to Buenos Aires D Eyncourt received a number of awards and honours in 1913 elected to the Athenaeum in 1921 elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1930 created a baronet and in 1946 elected a fellow of the Royal Society of Arts He was succeeded in the baronetcy by his son Gervais d 1971 The writer Adam Nicolson is Eustace d Eyncourt s great grandson Career Edit Grave of Eustace Tennyson d Eyncourt central cross in Brookwood Cemetery As an apprentice at Armstrong Whitworth amp Co d Eyncourt worked on the design of warships for the Austrian Italian Norwegian Spanish Portuguese and Turkish governments He joined the Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company of Govan in 1898 before returning to Armstrong Whitworth amp Co in 1902 In 1904 he undertook consultancy work on the state of the Turkish navy which earned him the Order of the Medjidie Third Class In 1912 d Eyncourt was appointed director of naval construction with the Royal Navy He pioneered new forms of ship construction that helped provide protection from torpedo attack On 20 February 1915 First Lord of the Admiralty Winston Churchill asked him to be Chairman of the Landship Committee a group of Royal Naval Air Service officers and engineers assembled to design a vehicle capable of crossing No Man s Land and suppressing the enemy machine guns that had caused heavy casualties in the first six months of the First World War The machine that was eventually developed was given the name tank D Eyncourt resigned from the Admiralty in 1924 and rejoined his former company Armstrong Whitworth amp Co However the firm failed in the late 1920s owing to the building slump following the end of the war In 1928 d Eyncourt joined the board of Parsons Marine Steam Turbine Company until he retired in 1948 He lived for most of his retirement in Hailsham Sussex but died in London in 1951 He is buried in Brookwood Cemetery Design characteristics EditIn his battlecruisers large light cruisers and the Hawkins class cruisers d Eyncourt evolved a novel hull form in cross section the hull was an isosceles trapezoid with the ship s sides sloping inboard at an angle of 10 degrees from the vertical while outboard of this external bulges extended over the full length of the machinery spaces The result was a hull structure of great strength and the sloping sides increased the possible spread of impact of shells thus giving greater resistance to penetration The aesthetic side of naval architecture has seldom been given much attention though it is as much of an art as the architecture of buildings in general appearance in terms of harmonious proportion as regards length beam and freeboard as well as the size of the superstructure and funnels in relation to the hull the opinion has been expressed that d Eyncourt created some of the most elegant and eye pleasing warships ever designed the prime example being the battle cruiser HMS Hood 4 Ship designs EditD Eyncourt was not necessarily the principal designer of the vessels listed below but had ultimate responsibility for them Battleships and battlecruisers Edit Brazilian battleship later HMS Agincourt Turkish battleship later HMS Erin Chilean battleships Almirante Latorre later HMS Canada and Almirante Cochrane later HMS Eagle aircraft carrier Revenge class battleship Renown class battlecruiser HMS Hood battlecruiser Several very large capital ship designs both battleships and battlecruisers rendered inadmissible under the Washington Naval Treaty Nelson class battleshipCruisers Edit GRC Katsonis HMS Chester Arethusa class 1913 C class 1912 17 Caroline class Calliope class HMS Champion Cambrian class Centaur class Caledon class Ceres class Carlisle class Hawkins class large cruisers 1915 Danae class cruisers 1916 18 HMS Danae HMS Dragon HMS Diomede HMS Enterprise Emerald class cruiser 1917 18 HMS Kent County class cruiser 1923 24 Large light cruisers later aircraft carriers Edit HMS Courageous HMS FuriousDestroyers Edit R and S class destroyers V and W class destroyers Scott class flotilla leadersSubmarines Edit J class K classOther types Edit Monitors patrol boats minesweepers sloops gunboats for China Station Merchant ship conversions into seaplane carriers Tanks Edit D Eyncourt was chairman of the Landship Committee created by Winston Churchill which oversaw the design and production of Britain s first military tanks during World War 1 3 Writings EditD Eyncourt summarized his World War I work in an article Naval Construction During the War published in Engineering 11 April 1919 pp 482 490 He also published an autobiography entitled A Shipbuilder s Yarn London Hutchinson 1948 Baronetage of the United KingdomNew creation Baronet of Carter s Corner Farm 1930 1951 Succeeded byGervais Tennyson d EyncourtReferences Edit a b Lillicrap C S 1951 Eustace Tennyson d Eyncourt 1868 1951 Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society 7 20 341 354 doi 10 1098 rsbm 1951 0005 JSTOR 769023 S2CID 162252200 http auden stanford edu cgi bin auden individual php pid I10672 amp ged auden bicknell ged amp tab 0 permanent dead link a b Churchill p 316 Oscar Parkes British BattleshipsBibliography EditChurchill Winston The World Crisis Abridged 1992 Macmillan Publishing Company ISBN 0 684 19453 8 Leigh Rayment s list of baronets D Eyncourt A Shipbuilder s Yarn The Record of a Naval Constructor London Hutchinson 1948 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Eustace Tennyson d 27Eyncourt amp oldid 1136417272, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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